1
|
Guo Y, Xie J, Dong F, Wu X, Pan X, Liu X, Zheng Y, Zhang J, Xu J. Highly-Selective Analytical Strategy for 90 Pesticides and Metabolites Residues in Fish and Shrimp Samples. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104235. [PMID: 37241976 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The analysis of pesticide residues in aquatic products is challenging due to low residue levels and the complex matrix interference. In this study, we developed a simple, fast method for the trace analysis of 90 pesticides and metabolites in aquatic products. The analytes covered a wide polarity range with log Kow (log octanol-water partition coefficient) ranging from -1.2 to 6.37. Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) and prawn (Penaeus chinensis) samples were chosen to validate the quantification method. The samples were extracted by 0.2% formic-acetonitrile, cleaned by solid-phase extraction (PRiME HLB), and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The results showed good linearities for the analytes and were observed in the range of 0.05-50 μg/L. The recoveries of the method were within 50.4-118.6%, with the relative standard deviations being lower than 20%. The limits of quantifications (LOQs) of the method were in the range of 0.05-5.0 μg/kg, which were superior to values compared with other research. The developed method was applied to detect pesticide residues in prawn samples from eastern coastal areas of China. Three herbicide residues of diuron, prometryn, and atrazine were detected in prawn samples. The method was sensitive and efficient, which is of significance in expanding the screening scope and improving the quantitative analysis efficiency in aquatic products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yage Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jun Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fengshou Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaohu Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xinglu Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xingang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yongquan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
High production volume chemicals in seafood: A review of analytical methods, occurrence and population risk. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
3
|
Monteiro SH, Lehotay SJ, Sapozhnikova Y, Ninga E, Moura Andrade GCR, Lightfield AR. Validation of the QuEChERSER mega-method for the analysis of pesticides, veterinary drugs, and environmental contaminants in tilapia ( Oreochromis Niloticus). Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2022; 39:699-709. [PMID: 35081327 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2021.2020911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Diverse food safety programmes around the world are designed to help ensure production of safe food. To meet this need, the development and implementation of more efficient and effective analytical methods to monitor residues (pesticides and veterinary drugs) and contaminants in food is important. In this study, we report the validation results for a simple high-throughput mega-method for residual analysis of 213 pesticides and veterinary drugs, including 15 metabolites, plus 12 environmental contaminants (polychlorinated biphenyls) in tilapia muscle for implementation in routine laboratory analyses. The generic sample preparation method and analytical approach are known as QuEChERSER (more than QuEChERS). A small portion of the initial extract (204 µL) is taken for analysis by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) covering 145 analytes, and the remaining extract undergoes a salting out step followed by an automated robotic instrument top sample preparation (ITSP) cleanup, also known as micro-solid-phase extraction (µSPE), plus fast low-pressure gas chromatography LPGC-MS/MS for 134 analytes (66 pesticides are targeted in both UHPLC-MS/MS and LPGC-MS/MS). The mega-method was validated in spiked tilapia samples at 5, 10, 15, and 20 ng/g with 10 replicates per level over two days (n = 80 overall), and 70-140% recoveries with RSDs ≤20% were achieved for 92% of the analytes in LC and 82% in GC. No significant matrix effects were observed for the analytes in LPGC-MS/MS, and only 5% of the analytes exceeded ±20% matrix effect in UHPLC-MS/MS. Analysis of standard reference materials (NIST SRMs 1946 and 1947) for contaminants in freeze-dried fish showed acceptable results, further demonstrating that the QuEChERSER mega-method can be implemented to expand analytical scope and increase laboratory efficiency compared to the QuEChERS method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio H Monteiro
- Pesticide Residue Laboratory, Environmental Protection Research Center, Biological Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Steven J Lehotay
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, PA, USA
| | - Yelena Sapozhnikova
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, PA, USA
| | - Ederina Ninga
- Department of Toxicology and Residues Monitoring, Food Safety and Veterinary Institute, Tirana, Albania
| | - Graziela C R Moura Andrade
- Pesticide Residue Laboratory, Environmental Protection Research Center, Biological Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alan R Lightfield
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang C, Wang Z, Liu S, Tan H, Zeng D, Li X. Analytical method for sequential determination of persistent herbicides and their metabolites in fish tissues by UPLC-MS/MS. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 288:132591. [PMID: 34662632 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A novel and accurate liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed to sequentially determine three persistent herbicides (atrazine (ATZ), acetochlor (ACE), and metolachlor (MET)) and seven characteristic metabolites (desethylatrazine (DEA), deisopropylatrazine (DIA), diaminochlorotriazine (DACT), MET-oxanilic acid (MET-OA), MET-ethanesulfonic acid (MET-ESA), ACE-ESA, and ACE-OA) in fresh fish tissues from six fish species. A modified QuEChERS method was conducted to extract the target compounds from fish tissues. Matrix-matched calibrations of the target analytes were carried out at spiking levels of 1, 10, 100, and 1000 ng g-1. The method was validated in accordance with Codex guidelines (CAC/GL 71-2009). Recoveries for the target analytes were 67-120% with relative standard deviations below 20%, and the matrix effects ranged from -58.7% to 59.3%. The limits of detection and quantitation were 0.01-1.90 and 0.02-6.35 ng g-1, respectively. Moreover, the method was successfully applied to analyze the concentrations of the target chemicals in fresh tissue samples of six fish species (n = 67) collected from four markets in Nanning City, Guangxi Province, China. The concentrations in all samples were 1.1-140.5 ng g-1. Interestingly, this study was the first to measure DEA and DIA in fish liver, and their highest concentrations were 10.7 and 14.2 ng g-1, respectively. This method provides a basis for studying the pathways of biotransformation, bioaccumulation, detoxification, and exposure patterns of ACE, ATZ, MET, and their metabolites in aquatic environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cuifang Zhang
- Institute of Pesticide & Environmental Toxicology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Zhuang Wang
- Institute of Pesticide & Environmental Toxicology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- Institute of Pesticide & Environmental Toxicology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Huihua Tan
- Institute of Pesticide & Environmental Toxicology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Dongqiang Zeng
- Institute of Pesticide & Environmental Toxicology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Xuesheng Li
- Institute of Pesticide & Environmental Toxicology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Simultaneous determination of short-chain chlorinated paraffins and other classes of persistent organic pollutants in sediment by gas chromatography‒tandem mass spectrometry after ultrasonic solvent extraction combined with stir bar sorptive extraction. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01738-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
6
|
Molbert N, Agostini S, Alliot F, Angelier F, Biard C, Decencière B, Leroux-Coyau M, Millot A, Ribout C, Goutte A. Parasitism reduces oxidative stress of fish host experimentally exposed to PAHs. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 219:112322. [PMID: 33991931 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Some parasites are known to bioaccumulate some environmental pollutants within their host. We hypothesized that these parasites may be beneficial for their hosts in polluted environments. We experimentally increased long-term (five weeks) exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs, three levels: 0.1X, 1X, 10X environmental exposure) in European chubs (Squalius cephalus) that were naturally infected or uninfected with acanthocephalan parasites. We monitored PAHs levels in fish tissues, as well as oxidative stress, telomere length and condition indices. Although parasite infection did not significantly reduce the levels of PAHs and PAH metabolites in host tissues, host oxidative status was explained by parasitism and pollution levels. Oxidative damage increased with parasitism in fish exposed to low PAH levels (0.1X) but decreased in infected fish at higher PAH exposure (10X), thus corroborating our hypothesis. Meanwhile, antioxidant capacity did not differ in response to parasite infection nor PAHs exposure. Despite this imbalance in oxidative status, experimental increase in PAH levels did not compromise telomere length, body condition, or survival in infected and uninfected fish. This study provides the first experimental evidence that the outcome of host-parasite interactions can shift from negative to positive as pollutant exposure increases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noëlie Molbert
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, EPHE, UMR METIS, F-75005, Paris, France.
| | - Simon Agostini
- CNRS ENS, UMS 3194, CEREEP-Ecotron Ile De France-Ecole Normale Supérieure, St-Pierre-lès-Nemours 77140, France
| | - Fabrice Alliot
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, EPHE, UMR METIS, F-75005, Paris, France; METIS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université PSL, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Angelier
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS, La Rochelle Université, F-79360, France
| | - Clotilde Biard
- Sorbonne Université, UPEC, Paris 7, CNRS, INRA, IRD, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Beatriz Decencière
- CNRS ENS, UMS 3194, CEREEP-Ecotron Ile De France-Ecole Normale Supérieure, St-Pierre-lès-Nemours 77140, France
| | - Mathieu Leroux-Coyau
- Sorbonne Université, UPEC, Paris 7, CNRS, INRA, IRD, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Alexis Millot
- CNRS ENS, UMS 3194, CEREEP-Ecotron Ile De France-Ecole Normale Supérieure, St-Pierre-lès-Nemours 77140, France
| | - Cécile Ribout
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS, La Rochelle Université, F-79360, France
| | - Aurélie Goutte
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, EPHE, UMR METIS, F-75005, Paris, France; METIS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université PSL, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Molbert N, Angelier F, Alliot F, Ribout C, Goutte A. Fish from urban rivers and with high pollutant levels have shorter telomeres. Biol Lett 2021; 17:20200819. [PMID: 33465329 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2020.0819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental pressures, such as urbanization and exposure to pollutants may jeopardize survival of free-living animals. Yet, much remains to be known about physiological and ecological responses to currently-released pollutants, especially in wild vertebrate ectotherms. We tested the effect of urbanization and pollution (phthalates, organochlorine and pyrethroid pesticides, polychlorobiphenyls, polybromodiphenylethers, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and some of their metabolites) on telomere length, a suggested biomarker of life expectancy, in the European chub, Squalius cephalus, from urban and agricultural rivers of the Marne hydrographic network, France. We showed that telomere length was reduced in chub from urban rivers. Moreover, among the wide range of anthropogenic contaminants investigated, high levels of phthalate metabolites in liver were associated with shorter telomeres. This study suggests that urbanization and chemical pollution may compromise survival of wild fish, by accelerating telomere attrition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noëlie Molbert
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, EPHE, UMR METIS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Angelier
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS, La Rochelle Université, 79360 Villiers en Bois, France
| | - Fabrice Alliot
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, EPHE, UMR METIS, 75005 Paris, France.,EPHE, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Cécile Ribout
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS, La Rochelle Université, 79360 Villiers en Bois, France
| | - Aurélie Goutte
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, EPHE, UMR METIS, 75005 Paris, France.,EPHE, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Goutte A, Alliot F, Budzinski H, Simonnet-Laprade C, Santos R, Lachaux V, Maciejewski K, Le Menach K, Labadie P. Trophic Transfer of Micropollutants and Their Metabolites in an Urban Riverine Food Web. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:8043-8050. [PMID: 32496759 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c01411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Trophic magnification factors (TMFs, i.e., the average change in the log-concentration of a pollutant per trophic level) have been extensively assessed for the so-called persistent organic pollutants, especially organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), which are biomagnified along the food web. In contrast, trophic dilution was documented for pollutants with a high metabolic conversion rate, such as phthalate plasticizers and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). However, the fate of their metabolites across the food web has been rarely investigated. In this comparative study, the trophodynamics of 104 micropollutants and 25 of their metabolites were investigated in a freshwater food web from the urban Orge River, France. Trophic levels were determined using stable isotopes. Pyrethroid pesticides and their metabolites were not detected. As predicted, PCBs and OCPs biomagnified (TMF >1), while all chlorinated paraffins (CPs), PAHs, and phthalates underwent a trophic dilution (TMF <1). TMFs significantly decreased with a metabolic transformation rate and increased with hydrophobicity. The levels of PAH or phthalate metabolites were not significantly correlated with trophic levels or underwent a trophic dilution. This study highlighted that the relative contribution of metabolite levels in TMF values calculated for both parent compound and its metabolite(s) is weak compared to TMF values of the parent compound only in a riverine food web.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Goutte
- UMR 7619 METIS, EPHE, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 4 place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Fabrice Alliot
- UMR 7619 METIS, EPHE, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 4 place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Hélène Budzinski
- UMR 5805 EPOC, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, F-33400 Talence, France
| | | | - Raphaël Santos
- Ecology and Engineering of Aquatic Systems Research Group, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland, HEPIA, CH-1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Victor Lachaux
- UMR 7619 METIS, EPHE, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 4 place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Kevin Maciejewski
- UMR 5805 EPOC, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Karyn Le Menach
- UMR 5805 EPOC, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Pierre Labadie
- UMR 5805 EPOC, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, F-33400 Talence, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Molbert N, Alliot F, Leroux-Coyau M, Médoc V, Biard C, Meylan S, Jacquin L, Santos R, Goutte A. Potential Benefits of Acanthocephalan Parasites for Chub Hosts in Polluted Environments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:5540-5549. [PMID: 32267695 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Some parasites are expected to have beneficial impacts on wild populations in polluted environments because of their bioaccumulation potential of pollutants from their hosts. The fate of organic micropollutants in host-parasite systems and the combined effect of parasitism and pollution were investigated in chub Squalius cephalus, a freshwater fish, infected (n = 73) or uninfected (n = 45) by acanthocephalan parasites Pomphorhynchus sp. from differently contaminated riverine sites. Several ubiquitous pollutants (polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polybrominated diphenyl-ethers (PBDEs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phthalates, insecticides, pyrethroids, and N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET)) and some of their metabolites were characterized for the first time in parasites and various fish matrices (muscle, liver, and stomach content). Most organic pollutants reached higher levels in parasites than in chub matrices. In contrast, metabolite levels were lower in parasite tissues compared to fish matrices. Infected and uninfected chub exhibited no significant differences in their pollutant load. Body condition, organo-somatic indices, and immunity were not affected by parasitism, and few correlations were found with chemical pollution. Interestingly, infected chub exhibited lower oxidative damage compared to uninfected fish, irrespective of their pollutant load. In light of these results, this correlative study supports the hypothesis that acanthocephalan parasites could bring benefits to their hosts to cope with organic pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noëlie Molbert
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, EPHE, UMR METIS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Fabrice Alliot
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, EPHE, UMR METIS, F-75005 Paris, France
- EPHE, PSL Research University, UMR METIS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Leroux-Coyau
- Sorbonne Université, UPEC, Paris 7, CNRS, INRA, IRD, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Vincent Médoc
- Equipe Neuro Ethologie Sensorielle, ENES/Neuro-PSI CNRS UMR 9197, Université de Lyon/Saint-Etienne, F-42100 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Clotilde Biard
- Sorbonne Université, UPEC, Paris 7, CNRS, INRA, IRD, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Meylan
- Sorbonne Université, UPEC, Paris 7, CNRS, INRA, IRD, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Lisa Jacquin
- Laboratoire Evolution & Diversité Biologique EDB, UMR 5174, Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier; UPS; CNRS; IRD, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Raphaël Santos
- Ecology and Engineering of Aquatic Systems Research Group, HEPIA, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland, CH-1254 Jussy, Switzerland
| | - Aurélie Goutte
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, EPHE, UMR METIS, F-75005 Paris, France
- EPHE, PSL Research University, UMR METIS, F-75005 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Meng X, Lv Y, Lv Q, Deng Y, Bai H, Ma Q. Direct analysis in real time coupled with quadrupole-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry for rapid analysis of pyrethroid preservatives in wooden food contact materials. Analyst 2020; 145:2892-2896. [PMID: 32124870 DOI: 10.1039/c9an02619c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A methodology is presented for the determination of four pyrethroid (PYR) preservatives in wooden food contact materials (FCMs) using direct analysis in real time (DART) coupled with quadrupole-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (Q-Orbitrap HRMS). The sampling mode and critical parameters of the DART-Q-Orbitrap HRMS protocol were systematically investigated. Good linearity was achieved for the four analytes with correlation coefficients all greater than 0.99. The limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantitation (LOQs) of the method were in the range of 0.04-0.20 mg kg-1 and 0.10-0.50 mg kg-1, respectively. The mean recoveries ranged from 72.1% to 82.7% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) from 5.2% to 11.8% at three spiked levels. The developed method was proved to be suitable for rapid screening of PYRs in complex wooden FCM samples to ensure product safety and consumer health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianshuang Meng
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|