1
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Wilke F, Matthews H, Herrick N, Dopkins N, Claes P, Walsh S. A novel approach to craniofacial analysis using automated 3D landmarking of the skull. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12381. [PMID: 38811771 PMCID: PMC11137148 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63137-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Automatic dense 3D surface registration is a powerful technique for comprehensive 3D shape analysis that has found a successful application in human craniofacial morphology research, particularly within the mandibular and cranial vault regions. However, a notable gap exists when exploring the frontal aspect of the human skull, largely due to the intricate and unique nature of its cranial anatomy. To better examine this region, this study introduces a simplified single-surface craniofacial bone mask comprising of 6707 quasi-landmarks, which can aid in the classification and quantification of variation over human facial bone surfaces. Automatic craniofacial bone phenotyping was conducted on a dataset of 31 skull scans obtained through cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging. The MeshMonk framework facilitated the non-rigid alignment of the constructed craniofacial bone mask with each individual target mesh. To gauge the accuracy and reliability of this automated process, 20 anatomical facial landmarks were manually placed three times by three independent observers on the same set of images. Intra- and inter-observer error assessments were performed using root mean square (RMS) distances, revealing consistently low scores. Subsequently, the corresponding automatic landmarks were computed and juxtaposed with the manually placed landmarks. The average Euclidean distance between these two landmark sets was 1.5 mm, while centroid sizes exhibited noteworthy similarity. Intraclass coefficients (ICC) demonstrated a high level of concordance (> 0.988), with automatic landmarking showing significantly lower errors and variation. These results underscore the utility of this newly developed single-surface craniofacial bone mask, in conjunction with the MeshMonk framework, as a highly accurate and reliable method for automated phenotyping of the facial region of human skulls from CBCT and CT imagery. This craniofacial template bone mask expansion of the MeshMonk toolbox not only enhances our capacity to study craniofacial bone variation but also holds significant potential for shedding light on the genetic, developmental, and evolutionary underpinnings of the overall human craniofacial structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Wilke
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Harold Matthews
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Medical Imaging Research Center, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Noah Herrick
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Nichole Dopkins
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Peter Claes
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Medical Imaging Research Center, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Electrical Engineering, ESAT/PSI, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Susan Walsh
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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2
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Wilke F, Matthews H, Herrick N, Dopkins N, Claes P, Walsh S. Automated 3D Landmarking of the Skull: A Novel Approach for Craniofacial Analysis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.09.579642. [PMID: 38405968 PMCID: PMC10888852 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.09.579642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Automatic dense 3D surface registration is a powerful technique for comprehensive 3D shape analysis that has found a successful application in human craniofacial morphology research, particularly within the mandibular and cranial vault regions. However, a notable gap exists when exploring the frontal aspect of the human skull, largely due to the intricate and unique nature of its cranial anatomy. To better examine this region, this study introduces a simplified single-surface craniofacial bone mask comprising 9,999 quasi-landmarks, which can aid in the classification and quantification of variation over human facial bone surfaces. Automatic craniofacial bone phenotyping was conducted on a dataset of 31 skull scans obtained through cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging. The MeshMonk framework facilitated the non-rigid alignment of the constructed craniofacial bone mask with each individual target mesh. To gauge the accuracy and reliability of this automated process, 20 anatomical facial landmarks were manually placed three times by three independent observers on the same set of images. Intra- and inter-observer error assessments were performed using root mean square (RMS) distances, revealing consistently low scores. Subsequently, the corresponding automatic landmarks were computed and juxtaposed with the manually placed landmarks. The average Euclidean distance between these two landmark sets was 1.5mm, while centroid sizes exhibited noteworthy similarity. Intraclass coefficients (ICC) demonstrated a high level of concordance (>0.988), and automatic landmarking showing significantly lower errors and variation. These results underscore the utility of this newly developed single-surface craniofacial bone mask, in conjunction with the MeshMonk framework, as a highly accurate and reliable method for automated phenotyping of the facial region of human skulls from CBCT and CT imagery. This craniofacial template bone mask expansion of the MeshMonk toolbox not only enhances our capacity to study craniofacial bone variation but also holds significant potential for shedding light on the genetic, developmental, and evolutionary underpinnings of the overall human craniofacial structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Wilke
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Harold Matthews
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Medical Imaging Research Center, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Noah Herrick
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, USA
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nichole Dopkins
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Peter Claes
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Medical Imaging Research Center, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Susan Walsh
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, USA
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3
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Morley MW, Moffat I, Kotarba-Morley AM, Hernandez VC, Zerboni A, Herries AIR, Joannes-Boyau R, Westaway K. Why the geosciences are becoming increasingly vital to the interpretation of the human evolutionary record. Nat Ecol Evol 2023; 7:1971-1977. [PMID: 38036632 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-023-02215-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Advanced geoscience techniques are essential to contextualize fossils, artefacts and other archaeologically important material accurately and effectively. Their appropriate use will increase confidence in new interpretations of the fossil and archaeological record, providing important information about the life and depositional history of these materials and so should form an integral component of all human evolutionary studies. Many of the most remarkable recent finds that have transformed the field of human evolution are small and scarce, ranging in size from teeth to strands of DNA, recovered from complex sedimentary environments. Nevertheless, if properly analysed, they hold immense potential to rewrite what we know about the evolution of our species and our closest hominin ancestors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike W Morley
- Flinders Microarchaeology Laboratory, Archaeology, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Ian Moffat
- Flinders Microarchaeology Laboratory, Archaeology, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Anna M Kotarba-Morley
- Flinders Microarchaeology Laboratory, Archaeology, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Humanities, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Vito C Hernandez
- Flinders Microarchaeology Laboratory, Archaeology, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andrea Zerboni
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra 'A. Desio', Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Andy I R Herries
- Department of Archaeology and History, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Renaud Joannes-Boyau
- Geoarchaeology and Archaeometry Research Group, Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kira Westaway
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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4
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Riede T, Stein A, Baab KL, Hoxworth JM. Post-pubertal developmental trajectories of laryngeal shape and size in humans. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7673. [PMID: 37169811 PMCID: PMC10175495 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34347-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Laryngeal morphotypes have been hypothesized related to both phonation and to laryngeal pathologies. Morphotypes have not been validated or demonstrated quantitatively and sources of shape and size variation are incompletely understood but are critical for the explanation of behavioral changes (e.g., changes of physical properties of a voice) and for therapeutic approaches to the larynx. This is the first study to take this crucial step and results are likely to have implications for surgeons and speech language pathologists. A stratified human sample was interrogated for phenotypic variation of the vocal organ. First, computed tomography image stacks were used to generate three-dimensional reconstructions of the thyroid cartilage. Then cartilage shapes were quantified using multivariate statistical analysis of high dimensional shape data from margins and surfaces of the thyroid cartilage. The effects of sex, age, body mass index (BMI) and body height on size and shape differences were analyzed. We found that sex, age, BMI and the age-sex interaction showed significant effects on the mixed sex sample. Among males, only age showed a strong effect. The thyroid cartilage increased in overall size, and the angulation between left and right lamina decreased in older males. Age, BMI and the age-height interaction were statistically significant factors within females. The angulation between left and right lamina increased in older females and was smaller in females with greater BMI. A cluster analysis confirmed the strong age effect on larynx shape in males and a complex interaction between the age, BMI and height variables in the female sample. The investigation demonstrated that age and BMI, two risk factors in a range of clinical conditions, are associated with shape and size variation of the human larynx. The effects influence shape differently in female and male larynges. The male-female shape dichotomy is partly size-dependent but predominantly size-independent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Riede
- Department of Physiology, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA.
| | - Amy Stein
- Consulting Biostatistician, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Karen L Baab
- Department of Anatomy, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
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5
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Gruwier BJ, Kovarovic K. Ecomorphology of the cervid intermediate phalanx and its implications for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction. J Morphol 2023; 284:e21528. [PMID: 36310423 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports on newly developed ecomorphological models for the cervid intermediate phalanx. Using a geometric morphometric approach, we quantitatively assess the overall gracility of the bone, the depth and concavity of the proximal articulation and the roundness and symmetry of the distal articulation in the intermediate phalanx, to establish relationships between morphology, locomotor behavior and environment. The morphology of the phalanx was found to vary along a gradient from gracile phalanges with shallow proximal articulations in forms adapted to yielding substrate, to robust phalanges with deeper proximal articulations in taxa adapted to firm substrate. Phylogeny and allometry are accounted for using regressions and phylogenetic comparative methods. Although the results indicate phylogeny explains part of the morphological variation, overall the shape of the intermediate phalanx appears mainly driven by differences in function. Consequently, this element promises to be a useful palaeoenvironmental proxy that can be applied on fossil assemblages with cervid remains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben J Gruwier
- Department of Art Sciences and Archaeology, Maritime Cultures Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Research Unit: Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Anthropology, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Kris Kovarovic
- Department of Anthropology, Durham University, Durham, UK
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6
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Zhang C, Porto A, Rolfe S, Kocatulum A, Maga AM. Automated landmarking via multiple templates. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278035. [PMID: 36454982 PMCID: PMC9714854 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Manually collecting landmarks for quantifying complex morphological phenotypes can be laborious and subject to intra and interobserver errors. However, most automated landmarking methods for efficiency and consistency fall short of landmarking highly variable samples due to the bias introduced by the use of a single template. We introduce a fast and open source automated landmarking pipeline (MALPACA) that utilizes multiple templates for accommodating large-scale variations. We also introduce a K-means method of choosing the templates that can be used in conjunction with MALPACA, when no prior information for selecting templates is available. Our results confirm that MALPACA significantly outperforms single-template methods in landmarking both single and multi-species samples. K-means based template selection can also avoid choosing the worst set of templates when compared to random template selection. We further offer an example of post-hoc quality check for each individual template for further refinement. In summary, MALPACA is an efficient and reproducible method that can accommodate large morphological variability, such as those commonly found in evolutionary studies. To support the research community, we have developed open-source and user-friendly software tools for performing K-means multi-templates selection and MALPACA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Center for Development Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Arthur Porto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
- Center for Computation and Technology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Sara Rolfe
- Center for Development Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, San Juan Island, Washington, United States of America
| | - Altan Kocatulum
- Alfred University, Alfred, New York, United States of America
| | - A. Murat Maga
- Center for Development Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Division of Craniofacial Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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7
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Matsumura H, Tanijiri T, Kouchi M, Hanihara T, Friess M, Moiseyev V, Stringer C, Miyahara K. Global patterns of the cranial form of modern human populations described by analysis of a 3D surface homologous model. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13826. [PMID: 35970916 PMCID: PMC9378707 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15883-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the regional diversity of the human cranial form by using geometric homologous models based on scanned data from 148 ethnic groups worldwide. This method adopted a template-fitting technique for a nonrigid transformation via the iterative closest point algorithm to generate the homologous meshes. Through the application of principal component analysis to 342 sampled homologous models, the largest variation was detected in overall size, and small South Asian crania were clearly verified. The next greatest diversity was found in the length/breadth proportion of the neurocranium, which showed the contrast between the elongated crania of Africans and the globular crania of Northeast Asians. Notably, this component was slightly correlated with the facial profile. Well-known facial features, such as the forward projection of the cheek among Northeast Asians and compaction of the European maxilla, were reconfirmed. These facial variations were highly correlated with the calvarial outline, particularly the degree of frontal and occipital inclines. An allometric pattern was detected in facial proportions in relation to overall cranial size; in larger crania, the facial profiles tend to be longer and narrower, as demonstrated among many American natives and Northeast Asians. Although our study did not include data on environmental variables that are likely to affect cranial morphology, such as climate or dietary conditions, the large datasets of homologous cranial models will be usefully available for seeking various attributions to phenotypic skeletal characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Matsumura
- School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan.
| | | | - Makiko Kouchi
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, 135-0064, Japan
| | | | - Martin Friess
- Département Homme et Environnement, Musée de l'Homme, 75116, Paris, France
| | - Vyacheslav Moiseyev
- Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera), Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Chris Stringer
- Department of Earth Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Kengo Miyahara
- Kyoto City Archeological Research Institute, Kyoto, 602-8435, Japan
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8
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Toyoda N, Ito T, Sato T, Nishimura T. Ontogenetic differences in mandibular morphology of two related macaque species and its adaptive implications. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2022; 305:3430-3440. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.24936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Toyoda
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University Inuyama Aichi Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Ito
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University Inuyama Aichi Japan
| | - Tamaki Sato
- Faculty of Education Tokyo Gakugei University Tokyo Japan
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9
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Baab KL, Rogers M, Bruner E, Semaw S. Reconstruction and analysis of the DAN5/P1 and BSN12/P1 Gona Early Pleistocene Homo fossils. J Hum Evol 2021; 162:103102. [PMID: 34891069 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2021.103102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Two Early Pleistocene fossils from Gona, Ethiopia, were originally assigned to Homo erectus, and their differences in size and robusticity were attributed to either sexual dimorphism or anagenetic evolution. In the current study, we both revisit the taxonomic affinities of these fossils and assess whether morphological differences between them reflect temporal evolution or sexual variation. We generated virtual reconstructions of the mostly complete ∼1.55 Ma DAN5/P1 calvaria and the less complete 1.26 Ma BSN12/P1 fossil, allowing us to directly compare their anterior vault shapes using landmark-based shape analysis. The two fossils are similar in calvaria shape to H. erectus and also to other Early Pleistocene Homo species based on a geometric morphometric analysis of calvaria landmarks and semilandmarks. The DAN5/P1 fossil bears a particularly close affinity to the Georgian H. erectus fossils and to KNM-ER 1813 (H. habilis), probably reflecting allometric influences on vault shape. Combined with species-specific traits of the neurocranium (e.g., midline keeling, angular torus), we confirm that these fossils are likely early African H. erectus. We calculated regression-based estimates of endocranial volume for BSN12/P1 of 882-910 cm3 based on three virtual reconstructions. Although BSN12/P1 is markedly larger than DAN5/P1 (598 cm3), both fossils represent the smallest adult H. erectus known from their respective time periods in Africa. Some of the difference in endocranial volume between the two Gona fossils reflects broader species-level brain expansion from 1.77 to 0.01 Ma, confirmed here using a large sample (n = 38) of H. erectus. However, shape differences between these fossils did not reflect species-level changes to calvaria shape. Moreover, the analysis failed to recover a clear pattern of sexually patterned size or shape differences within H. erectus based on our current assessments of sex for individual fossils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Baab
- Department of Anatomy, Midwestern University, 19555 N. 59th Ave., Glendale, AZ 85012, USA.
| | - Michael Rogers
- Department of Anthropology, Southern Connecticut State University, 501 Crescent St., New Haven, CT 06515, USA
| | - Emiliano Bruner
- Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Sierra de Atapuerca 3, Burgos, 09002, Spain
| | - Sileshi Semaw
- Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Sierra de Atapuerca 3, Burgos, 09002, Spain; Stone Age Institute and CRAFT Research Center, 1392 W. Dittemore Rd. Gosport, IN 47408, USA
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10
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Gruwier BJ, Kovarovic K. Ecomorphology of the cervid calcaneus as a proxy for paleoenvironmental reconstruction. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2021; 305:2207-2226. [PMID: 34837351 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This study presents new ecomorphological models for the cervid calcaneus that can be used to make predictions about the nature of ancient environments. Using geometric morphometrics to quantitatively assess the length of the articular surface supporting the malleolus, the length and orientation of the tuber calcanei, and the position of the articular facets, we aimed to establish correlations between morphological traits, locomotor behavior, and environmental parameters in extant cervids. The morphology of the calcaneus was found to primarily vary with locomotor strategy and habitat, along a continuum from habitats with an open vegetation structure to habitats with a closed vegetation structure. Confounding factors, including sexual dimorphism, allometry, and phylogeny were accounted for using Principal Component Analysis, regressions and phylogenetic comparative methods. The results of our analyses suggested that these factors did not substantially obscure habitat predictions. As such, the calcaneus provides a valuable proxy for paleoenvironmental reconstruction that is broadly applicable to Quaternary fossil assemblages with a sufficiently large sample of cervids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben J Gruwier
- Department of Anthropology, Durham University, Durham, UK.,HALMA - UMR 8164 (CNRS), Université de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Kris Kovarovic
- Department of Anthropology, Durham University, Durham, UK
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11
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Craniodental Sexual Dimorphism Among Hylobatids. INT J PRIMATOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-021-00233-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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Irish JD, Grabowski M. Relative tooth size, Bayesian inference, and Homo naledi. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2021; 176:262-282. [PMID: 34190335 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Size-corrected tooth crown measurements were used to estimate phenetic affinities among Homo naledi (~335-236 ka) and 11 other Plio-Pleistocene and recent species. To assess further their efficacy, and identify dental evolutionary trends, the data were then quantitatively coded for phylogenetic analyses. Results from both methods contribute additional characterization of H. naledi relative to other hominins. MATERIALS AND METHODS After division by their geometric mean, scaled mesiodistal and buccolingual dimensions were used in tooth size apportionment analysis to compare H. naledi with Australopithecus africanus, A. afarensis, Paranthropus robustus, P. boisei, H. habilis, H. ergaster, H. erectus, H. heidelbergensis, H. neanderthalensis, H. sapiens, and Pan troglodytes. These data produce equivalently scaled samples unaffected by interspecific size differences. The data were then gap-weighted for Bayesian inference. RESULTS Congruence in interspecific relationships is evident between methods, and with many inferred from earlier systematic studies. However, the present results place H. naledi as a sister taxon to H. habilis, based on a symplesiomorphic pattern of relative tooth size. In the preferred Bayesian phylogram, H. naledi is nested within a clade comprising all Homo species, but it shares some characteristics with australopiths and, particularly, early Homo. DISCUSSION Phylogenetic analyses of relative tooth size yield information about evolutionary dental trends not previously reported in H. naledi and the other hominins. Moreover, with an appropriate model these data recovered plausible evolutionary relationships. Together, the findings support recent study suggesting H. naledi originated long before the geological date of the Dinaledi Chamber, from which the specimens under study were recovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel D Irish
- Research Centre in Evolutionary Anthropology and Palaeoecology, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.,The Centre for the Exploration of the Deep Human Journey, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Mark Grabowski
- Research Centre in Evolutionary Anthropology and Palaeoecology, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.,Centre for Ecology and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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13
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Shape Analysis as an Additional Tool in Roe Deer ( Capreolus capreolus) Management: A New Approach Based on the Relationship between Mandible Shape and Trophic Resources. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061611. [PMID: 34072485 PMCID: PMC8228368 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In recent years, the numerical increase of the roe deer population in Italy has shifted attention to new tools for the management of these populations. The use of biometric data for a correct assessment of the status of ungulate populations is now a standardized and commonly used procedure. In this study, we tried to verify whether, in addition to biometric analyses, morphometrics could be used as a supplementary tool for roe deer management. The study of geometric morphometry has made a major impact by aiding technological and methodological advances. By using Cartesian coordinates of reference points, this method is capable of capturing morphologically distinct shape variables, which can be used as rapid indicators of the status of populations, and thus have the potential to be very useful for wildlife management. Abstract The analysis of body shape variability has always been a central element in biology. More recently, geometric morphometry has developed as a new field in shape analysis, with the aim to study body morphological variations and the identification of their causes. In wildlife management, geometric morphometry could be a useful tool to compare the anatomical structures of an organism and quantify its geometric information in order to relate them to environmental factors, thus identifying the causes and effects of the variation and acting management and/or conservation plans. The aim of our study is to evaluate the relationship between roe deer mandible shape and trophic resources available during autumn and winter. We applied a geometric morphometry approach consisting of a Relative Warp analysis of landmark data in 26 roe deer fawn mandibles. Each sample was assigned to an age category and to an environmental category based on the territory carrying capacity. The mandible shape of samples under 8 months of age is likely influenced by the availability of trophic resources. Our findings suggest that the mandible shape is a reliable instrument to assess resource availability. Geometric morphometry could thus represent an additional tool for roe deer management.
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14
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Baab KL, Nesbitt A, Hublin JJ, Neubauer S. Assessing the status of the KNM-ER 42700 fossil using Homo erectus neurocranial development. J Hum Evol 2021; 154:102980. [PMID: 33794419 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2021.102980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Based on ontogenetic data of endocranial shape, it has been proposed that a younger than previously assumed developmental status of the 1.5-Myr-old KNM-ER 42700 calvaria could explain why the calvaria of this fossil does not conform to the shape of other Homo erectus individuals. Here, we investigate (ecto)neurocranial ontogeny in H. erectus and assess the proposed juvenile status of this fossil using recent Homo sapiens, chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), and Neanderthals (Homo neanderthalensis) to model and discuss changes in neurocranial shape from the juvenile to adult stages. We show that all four species share common patterns of developmental shape change resulting in a relatively lower cranial vault and expanded supraorbital torus at later developmental stages. This finding suggests that ectoneurocranial data from extant hominids can be used to model the ontogenetic trajectory for H. erectus, for which only one well-preserved very young individual is known. However, our study also reveals differences in the magnitudes and, to a lesser extent, directions of the species-specific trajectories that add to the overall shared pattern of neurocranial shape changes. We demonstrate that the very young H. erectus juvenile from Mojokerto together with subadult and adult H. erectus individuals cannot be accommodated within the pattern of the postnatal neurocranial trajectory for humans. Instead, the chimpanzee pattern might be a better 'fit' for H. erectus despite their more distant phylogenetic relatedness. The data are also compatible with an ontogenetic shape trajectory that is in some regards intermediate between that of recent H. sapiens and chimpanzees, implying a unique trajectory for H. erectus that combines elements of both extant species. Based on this new knowledge, neurocranial shape supports the assessment that KNM-ER 42700 is a young juvenile H. erectus if H. erectus followed an ontogenetic shape trajectory that was more similar to chimpanzees than humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Baab
- Department of Anatomy, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, 85308, USA; NYCEP Morphometrics Group, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
| | - Allison Nesbitt
- Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Jean-Jacques Hublin
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany; Collège de France, Paris, France
| | - Simon Neubauer
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
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15
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Simons EA, Frost SR. Ontogenetic allometry and scaling in catarrhine crania. J Anat 2021; 238:693-710. [PMID: 33084028 PMCID: PMC7855087 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In studies of ontogenetic allometry, ontogenetic scaling has often been invoked to explain cranial morphological differences between smaller and larger forms of closely related taxa. These scaled variants in shape have been hypothesized to be the result of the extension or truncation of common growth allometries. In this scenario, change in size is the determining factor, perhaps under direct selection, and changes in cranial shapes are byproducts, not under direct selection themselves. However, many of these conclusions are based on studies that used bivariate generalizations of shape. Even among multivariate analyses of growth allometries, there are discrepancies as to the prevalence of ontogenetic scaling among primates, how shared the trajectories need to be, and which taxa evince properties of scaled variants. In this investigation, we use a large, comparative ontogenetic sample, geometric morphometric methods, and multivariate statistical tests to examine ontogenetic allometry and evaluate if differences in cranial shape among closely related catarrhines of varying sizes are primarily driven by size divergence, that is, ontogenetic scaling. We then evaluate the hypothesis of size as a line of least evolutionary resistance in catarrhine cranial evolution. We found that patterns of ontogenetic allometry vary among taxa, indicating that ontogenetic scaling sensu stricto does not often account for most morphological differences and that large and small taxa within clades are generally not scaled variants. The presence of a variety of ontogenetic pathways for the evolution of cranial shapes provides indirect evidence for selection acting directly on the cranial shape, rather than on size alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan A. Simons
- Department of AnthropologyBuffalo Human Evolutionary Morphology LabUniversity at BuffaloBuffaloNYUSA
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16
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Riede T, Coyne M, Tafoya B, Baab KL. Postnatal Development of the Mouse Larynx: Negative Allometry, Age-Dependent Shape Changes, Morphological Integration, and a Size-Dependent Spectral Feature. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2020; 63:2680-2694. [PMID: 32762490 DOI: 10.1044/2020_jslhr-20-00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The larynx plays a role in swallowing, respiration, and voice production. All three functions change during ontogeny. We investigated ontogenetic shape changes using a mouse model to inform our understanding of how laryngeal form and function are integrated. We understand the characterization of developmental changes to larynx anatomy as a critical step toward using rodent models to study human vocal communication disorders. Method Contrast-enhanced micro-computed tomography image stacks were used to generate three-dimensional reconstructions of the CD-1 mouse (Mus musculus) laryngeal cartilaginous framework. Then, we quantified size and shape in four age groups: pups, weanlings, young, and old adults using a combination of landmark and linear morphometrics. We analyzed postnatal patterns of growth and shape in the laryngeal skeleton, as well as morphological integration among four laryngeal cartilages using geometric morphometric methods. Acoustic analysis of vocal patterns was employed to investigate morphological and functional integration. Results Four cartilages scaled with negative allometry on body mass. Additionally, thyroid, arytenoid, and epiglottic cartilages, but not the cricoid cartilage, showed shape change associated with developmental age. A test for modularity between the four cartilages suggests greater independence of thyroid cartilage shape, hinting at the importance of embryological origin during postnatal development. Finally, mean fundamental frequency, but not fundamental frequency range, varied predictably with size. Conclusion In a mouse model, the four main laryngeal cartilages do not develop uniformly throughout the first 12 months of life. High-dimensional shape analysis effectively quantified variation in shape across development and in relation to size, as well as clarifying patterns of covariation in shape among cartilages and possibly the ventral pouch. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12735917.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Riede
- Department of Physiology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ
| | - Megan Coyne
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ
| | - Blake Tafoya
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ
| | - Karen L Baab
- Department of Anatomy, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ
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17
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Kenyon-Flatt B, Conaway MA, Lycett SJ, von Cramon-Taubadel N. The relative efficacy of the cranium and os coxa for taxonomic assessment in macaques. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2020; 173:350-367. [PMID: 32594518 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The cranium is generally considered more reliable than the postcranium for assessing primate taxonomy, although recent research suggests that pelvic shape may be equally reliable. However, little research has focused on intrageneric taxonomic discrimination. Here, we test the relative taxonomic efficacy of the cranium and os coxa for differentiating two macaque species, with and without considering sexual dimorphism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Geometric morphometric analyses were performed on cranial and os coxa landmarks for 119 adult Macaca fascicularis, M. mulatta, and Chlorocebus pygerythrus. Among-group shape variation was examined using canonical variates analyses. Cross-validated discriminant function analysis provided rates of correct group classification. Additionally, average morphological distances were compared with neutral genetic distances. RESULTS Macaque species were clearly differentiated, both cranially and pelvically, when sex was not considered. Males were more often correctly classified based on the os coxa, while female classification rates were high for both morphologies. Female crania and male os coxa were differentiated approximately the same as genetic distance, while male crania were more similar (convergent), and female os coxa were more divergent than expected based on genetic distance. DISCUSSION The hypothesis that cranial and os coxal shape can be used to discriminate among macaque species was supported. The cranium was better at differentiating females, while the os coxa was better at differentiating male macaques. Hence, there is no a priori reason for preferring the cranium when assessing intragenetic taxonomic relationships, but the effects of high levels of sexual dimorphism must be corrected for to accurately assess taxonomic signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Kenyon-Flatt
- Buffalo Human Evolutionary Morphology Lab, Department of Anthropology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Mark A Conaway
- Buffalo Human Evolutionary Morphology Lab, Department of Anthropology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Stephen J Lycett
- Department of Anthropology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Noreen von Cramon-Taubadel
- Buffalo Human Evolutionary Morphology Lab, Department of Anthropology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
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Balolia KL, Jakeman EC, Massey JS, Groves C, Wood B. Mandibular corpus shape is a taxonomic indicator in extant hominids. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2020; 172:25-40. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katharine L. Balolia
- School of Archaeology and AnthropologyThe Australian National University Canberra ACT Australia
| | - Elise C. Jakeman
- School of Archaeology and AnthropologyThe Australian National University Canberra ACT Australia
| | - Jason S. Massey
- Department of Integrative Biology and PhysiologyUniversity of Minnesota Medical School Minneapolis Minnesota
| | - Colin Groves
- School of Archaeology and AnthropologyThe Australian National University Canberra ACT Australia
| | - Bernard Wood
- Department of Anthropology, Center for the Advanced Study of Human PaleobiologyGeorge Washington University Washington District of Columbia
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19
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Karban ME. Occipital hemi-bun development and shape covariation in a longitudinal extant human growth sample. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2019; 172:123-134. [PMID: 31797354 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although the homology of the Neanderthal occipital bun and anatomically modern human "hemi-bun" has long been debated, little is known about the developmental timing and patterning of these two patterns of prominent occipital squama convexity. In this study, occipital hemi-bun ontogeny and cranial shape covariation are assessed in a comparative extant human sample. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two-dimensional geometric morphometric methods were used to investigate hemi-bun development in a longitudinal sample of growth study cephalograms representing extant human subjects predominantly of European ancestry. Subjects were each measured at three distinct age points, ranging from 3.0 to 20.4 years, and two-block partial least squares analysis was used to assess patterns of covariation between midsagittal occipital bone morphology and other aspects of craniofacial shape. RESULTS Occipital hemi-bun morphology, when present, was found to develop early in ontogeny, in association with anteroposterior elongation of the frontal and parietal bones. No significant pattern of covariation was found between occipital hemi-bun shape and cranial/basicranial breadth, basicranial length, basicranial angle, or midfacial prognathism. DISCUSSION This study suggests that the occipital hemi-bun, at least in this extant human population, should not be considered an independent trait, as its development is closely linked to shape variation in the frontal and parietal bones. Importantly, these results suggest that occipital hemi-bun morphology is not significantly influenced by basicranial morphology during development, but instead covaries with changes in midsagittal neurocranial vault shape.
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20
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Robertson HI, Pokotylo DL, Weston DA. Testing landmark redundancy for sex-based shape analysis of the adult human os coxa. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2019; 169:689-703. [PMID: 31155703 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To test the individual effectiveness of common landmarks used in sex estimation of whole adult coxal bones in sex-based shape analysis and propose a method to determine how many principal components of sex-based shape to include for discriminant function analysis. METHODS Three-dimensional models (NextEngine desktop laser scanner) of left and right os coxae from 396 individuals (William Bass Skeletal Collection, Forensic Anthropology Centre, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN) were subjected to shape analysis using 32 landmarks (Landmark 3.6, Institute for Data Analysis and Visualization). Each landmark was individually removed and subjected to a new principal component analysis to identify the effect omitting a landmark has on PC1/PC2 ordination. Landmarks that poorly discriminated sex-based shape were considered redundant for analysis on sex estimation. RESULTS This study identified 17 landmarks that represent sex-based shape of right and left coxal bones most effectively, these are: the anterior superior iliac spine; posterior superior iliac spine; posterior inferior iliac spine; iliac crest; apex of the auricular surface; greater sciatic notch; ischial spine; superior, inferior and distal points on ischial tuberosity; superior, inferior and midpoint on the symphyseal face; arcuate eminence; ischiopubic ramus; posterosuperior and anterosuperior points on the acetabular rim. The first and second PCs of the 17-landmark configuration correctly predicted sex in 98.5% of cases; better than a 32-landmark configuration (96%) and better than previous landmark studies on whole coxal bone sex-based shape. CONCLUSIONS These 17 landmarks represent more meaningful data for sex-based shape analysis in PC1 and 2 and concentrate meaningful sex-based shape data to the first five PCs that make up over 50% of the total shape variance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather I Robertson
- Department of Anthropology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - David L Pokotylo
- Department of Anthropology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Darlene A Weston
- Department of Anthropology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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21
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22
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Site fragmentation, hominin mobility and LCT variability reflected in the early Acheulean record of the Okote Member, at Koobi Fora, Kenya. J Hum Evol 2018; 125:159-180. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Ontogeny and phylogeny of the cercopithecine cranium: A geometric morphometric approach to comparing shape change trajectories. J Hum Evol 2018; 124:40-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Three-Dimensional Geometric Morphometrics in Paleoecology. VERTEBRATE PALEOBIOLOGY AND PALEOANTHROPOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-94265-0_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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25
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BAAB KARENL, ZAIM YAHDI. Global and local perspectives on cranial shape variation in Indonesian Homo erectus. ANTHROPOL SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.1537/ase.170413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- KAREN L. BAAB
- Department of Anatomy, Midwestern University, Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Glendale
| | - YAHDI ZAIM
- Department of Geology, Institut Technologi Bandung (ITB), Bandung
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26
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Openshaw GH, D'Amore DC, Vidal-García M, Keogh JS. Combining geometric morphometric analyses of multiple 2D observation views improves interpretation of evolutionary allometry and shape diversification in monitor lizard (Varanus) crania. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle H. Openshaw
- Division of Evolution; Ecology and Genetics; Research School of Biology; The Australian National University; Canberra ACT Australia
| | | | - Marta Vidal-García
- Division of Evolution; Ecology and Genetics; Research School of Biology; The Australian National University; Canberra ACT Australia
| | - J. Scott Keogh
- Division of Evolution; Ecology and Genetics; Research School of Biology; The Australian National University; Canberra ACT Australia
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27
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Fleagle JG, Gilbert CC, Baden AL. Comparing primate crania: The importance of fossils. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2016; 161:259-75. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John G. Fleagle
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine; Health Sciences Center, Stony Brook University; Stony Brook New York 11794-8081
| | - Christopher C. Gilbert
- Department of Anthropology; Hunter College, City University of New York; New York New York 10065
- PhD Programs in Anthropology and Biology; The Graduate Center, City University of New York; New York New York 10016
- New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology (NYCEP); New York New York
| | - Andrea L. Baden
- Department of Anthropology; Hunter College, City University of New York; New York New York 10065
- PhD Programs in Anthropology and Biology; The Graduate Center, City University of New York; New York New York 10016
- New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology (NYCEP); New York New York
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28
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Irish JD, Hemphill BE, de Ruiter DJ, Berger LR. The apportionment of tooth size and its implications in
Australopithecus sediba
versus other Plio‐pleistocene and recent African hominins. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2016; 161:398-413. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joel D. Irish
- Research Centre in Evolutionary Anthropology and Palaeoecology, School of Natural Sciences and PsychologyLiverpool John Moores UniversityLiverpoolL3 3AF UK
- Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre for Excellence in PaleoSciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandPrivate Bag 3, WITS 2050Johannesburg South Africa
| | | | - Darryl J. de Ruiter
- Department of AnthropologyTexas A&M UniversityCollege Station TX77843
- Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre for Excellence in PaleoSciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandPrivate Bag 3, WITS 2050Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Lee R. Berger
- Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre for Excellence in PaleoSciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandPrivate Bag 3, WITS 2050Johannesburg South Africa
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29
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Simons EA, Frost SR. Constructing cranial ontogenetic trajectories: A comparison of growth, development, and chronological age proxies using a known-age sample ofMacaca mulatta. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2016; 161:296-308. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evan A. Simons
- Department of Anthropology; University of Oregon; Eugene OR 97402
| | - Stephen R. Frost
- Department of Anthropology; University of Oregon; Eugene OR 97402
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30
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Phylogenetic signal in molar dental shape of extant and fossil catarrhine primates. J Hum Evol 2016; 94:13-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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31
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Caskenette D, Penuela S, Lee V, Barr K, Beier F, Laird DW, Willmore KE. Global deletion of Panx3 produces multiple phenotypic effects in mouse humeri and femora. J Anat 2016; 228:746-56. [PMID: 26749194 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pannexins form single-membrane channels that allow passage of small molecules between the intracellular and extracellular compartments. Of the three pannexin family members, Pannexin3 (Panx3) is the least studied but is highly expressed in skeletal tissues and is thought to play a role in the regulation of chondrocyte and osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. The purpose of our study is to closely examine the in vivo effects of Panx3 ablation on long bone morphology using micro-computed tomography. Using Panx3 knockout (KO) and wildtype (WT) adult mice, we measured and compared aspects of phenotypic shape, bone mineral density (BMD), cross-sectional geometric properties of right femora and humeri, and lean mass. We found that KO mice have absolutely and relatively shorter diaphyseal shafts compared with WT mice, and relatively larger areas of muscle attachment sites. No differences in BMD or lean mass were found between WT and KO mice. Interestingly, KO mice had more robust femora and humeri compared with WT mice when assessed in cross-section at the midshaft. Our results clearly show that Panx3 ablation produces phenotypic effects in mouse femora and humeri, and support the premise that Panx3 has a role in regulating long bone growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deidre Caskenette
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Silvia Penuela
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Vanessa Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Kevin Barr
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Frank Beier
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Dale W Laird
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Katherine E Willmore
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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32
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Maiorino L, Farke AA, Kotsakis T, Piras P. Males Resemble Females: Re-Evaluating Sexual Dimorphism in Protoceratops andrewsi (Neoceratopsia, Protoceratopsidae). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126464. [PMID: 25951329 PMCID: PMC4423778 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Protoceratops andrewsi (Neoceratopsia, Protoceratopsidae) is a well-known dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia. Some previous workers hypothesized sexual dimorphism in the cranial shape of this taxon, using qualitative and quantitative observations. In particular, width and height of the frill as well as the development of a nasal horn have been hypothesized as potentially sexually dimorphic. Methodology/Principal Findings Here, we reassess potential sexual dimorphism in skulls of Protoceratops andrewsi by applying two-dimensional geometric morphometrics to 29 skulls in lateral and dorsal views. Principal Component Analyses and nonparametric MANOVAs recover no clear separation between hypothetical “males” and “females” within the overall morphospace. Males and females thus possess similar overall cranial morphologies. No differences in size between “males” and “females” are recovered using nonparametric ANOVAs. Conclusions/Significance Sexual dimorphism within Protoceratops andrewsi is not strongly supported by our results, as previously proposed by several authors. Anatomical traits such as height and width of the frill, and skull size thus may not be sexually dimorphic. Based on PCA for a data set focusing on the rostrum and associated ANOVA results, nasal horn height is the only feature with potential dimorphism. As a whole, most purported dimorphic variation is probably primarily the result of ontogenetic cranial shape changes as well as intraspecific cranial variation independent of sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Maiorino
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
- Center for Evolutionary Ecology, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Andrew A. Farke
- Raymond M. Alf Museum of Paleontology, Claremont, California, United States of America
| | - Tassos Kotsakis
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
- Center for Evolutionary Ecology, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Piras
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
- Center for Evolutionary Ecology, Rome, Italy
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Noback ML, Harvati K. Covariation in the Human Masticatory Apparatus. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2014; 298:64-84. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.23067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marlijn L. Noback
- Paleoanthropology Section, Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Paleoenvironment; Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
| | - Katerina Harvati
- Paleoanthropology Section, Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Paleoenvironment; Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
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34
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Mcnulty KP, Vinyard CJ. Morphometry, Geometry, Function, and the Future. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2014; 298:328-33. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.23064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kieran P. Mcnulty
- Evolutionary Anthropology Laboratory; Department of Anthropology; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis Minnesota
| | - Christopher J. Vinyard
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology; Northeast Ohio Medical University; Rootstown Ohio
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Cooke SB, Terhune CE. Form, Function, and Geometric Morphometrics. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2014; 298:5-28. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.23065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Siobhán B. Cooke
- Department of Anthropology; Northeastern Illinois University; Chicago Illinois
- New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology Morphometrics Group; New York New York
| | - Claire E. Terhune
- Department of Anthropology; University of Arkansas; Fayetteville Arkansas
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36
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Metric and geometric morphometric analysis of new hominin fossils from Maba (Guangdong, China). J Hum Evol 2014; 74:1-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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The pattern of hominin postcranial evolution reconsidered in light of size-related shape variation of the distal humerus. J Hum Evol 2014; 75:90-109. [PMID: 25128333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Previous research suggests that some hominin postcranial features do not follow a linear path of increasing modernization through geological time. With respect to the distal humerus, in particular, the earliest known hominin specimens are reportedly among the most modern in morphology, while some later humeri appear further removed from the average modern human shape. Although Plio-Pleistocene humeri vary widely in size, previous studies have failed to account for size-related shape variation when making morphometric comparisons. This study reexamines hominin postcranial evolution in light of distal humeral allometry. Using two-dimensional landmark data, the relationship between specimen size and shape among modern humans is quantified using multivariate regression and principal components analysis of size-shape space. Fossils are compared with modern human shapes expected at a given size, as well as with the overall average human shape. The null hypothesis of humeral isometry in modern humans is rejected. Subsequently, if one takes allometry into account, the apparent pattern of hominin humeral evolution does not resemble the pattern described above. All 14 of the Plio-Pleistocene hominin fossils examined here share a similar pattern of shape differences from equivalently-sized modern humans, though they vary in the extent to which these differences are expressed. The oldest specimen in the sample (KNM-KP 271; Australopithecus anamensis) exhibits the least human-like elbow morphology. Similarly primitive morphology characterizes all younger species of Australopithecus as well as Paranthropus robustus. After 2 Ma, a subtly more human-like elbow morphology is apparent among specimens attributed to early Homo, as well as among isolated specimens that may represent either Homo or Paranthropus boisei. This study emphasizes the need to consider size-related shape variation when individual fossil specimens are compared with the average shape of a comparative group, particularly when specimens fall near an extreme of the comparative size distribution.
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Watanabe A, Slice DE. The utility of cranial ontogeny for phylogenetic inference: a case study in crocodylians using geometric morphometrics. J Evol Biol 2014; 27:1078-92. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Watanabe
- Department of Biological Science; Florida State University; Tallahassee FL USA
| | - D. E. Slice
- Department of Scientific Computing; Florida State University; Tallahassee FL USA
- Department of Anthropology; University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
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40
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Baab KL. The impact of superimposition choice in geometric morphometric approaches to morphological integration. J Hum Evol 2013; 65:689-92. [PMID: 23954167 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Baab
- Department of Anthropology and IDPAS, Stony Brook University, Social and Behavioral Sciences Building, Stony Brook, NY 11794-4364, USA.
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41
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Trebicky V, Havlícek J, Roberts SC, Little AC, Kleisner K. Perceived aggressiveness predicts fighting performance in mixed-martial-arts fighters. Psychol Sci 2013; 24:1664-72. [PMID: 23818656 DOI: 10.1177/0956797613477117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate assessment of competitive ability is a critical component of contest behavior in animals, and it could be just as important in human competition, particularly in human ancestral populations. Here, we tested the role that facial perception plays in this assessment by investigating the association between both perceived aggressiveness and perceived fighting ability in fighters' faces and their actual fighting success. Perceived aggressiveness was positively associated with the proportion of fights won, after we controlled for the effect of weight, which also independently predicted perceived aggression. In contrast, perception of fighting ability was confounded by weight, and an association between perceived fighting ability and actual fighting success was restricted to heavyweight fighters. Shape regressions revealed that aggressive-looking faces are generally wider and have a broader chin, more prominent eyebrows, and a larger nose than less aggressive-looking faces. Our results indicate that perception of aggressiveness and fighting ability might cue different aspects of success in male-male physical confrontation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vít Trebicky
- 1Department of Philosophy and History of Sciences, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague
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Terhune CE. How Effective Are Geometric Morphometric Techniques for Assessing Functional Shape Variation? An Example From the Great Ape Temporomandibular Joint. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2013; 296:1264-82. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.22724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claire E. Terhune
- Department of Community and Family Medicine; Duke University Medical Center; Durham North Carolina
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Lycett SJ, von Cramon-Taubadel N. Understanding the comparative catarrhine context of human pelvic form: A 3D geometric morphometric analysis. J Hum Evol 2013; 64:300-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Revised: 01/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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