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Hou D, Liu K, Liu S, Li J, Tan J, Bi Q, Zhang A, Yu X, Bi J, Luo L. Enhancing root physiology for increased yield in water-saving and drought-resistance rice with optimal irrigation and nitrogen. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1370297. [PMID: 38779071 PMCID: PMC11109435 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1370297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Objectives Water-saving and drought-resistance rice (WDR) plays a vital role in the sustainable development of agriculture. Nevertheless, the impacts and processes of water and nitrogen on grain yield in WDR remain unclear. Methods In this study, Hanyou 73 (WDR) and Hyou 518 (rice) were used as materials. Three kinds of nitrogen fertilizer application rate (NFAR) were set in the pot experiment, including no NFAR (nitrogen as urea applied at 0 g/pot), medium NFAR (nitrogen as urea applied at 15.6 g/pot), and high NFAR (nitrogen as urea applied at 31.2 g/pot). Two irrigation regimes, continuous flooding cultivation and water stress, were set under each NFAR. The relationships between root and shoot morphophysiology and grain yield in WDR were explored. Results The results demonstrated the following: 1) under the same irrigation regime, the grain yield of two varieties increased with the increase of NFAR. Under the same NFAR, the reduction of irrigation amount significantly reduced the grain yield in Hyou 518 (7.1%-15.1%) but had no substantial influence on the grain yield in Hanyou 73. 2) Under the same irrigation regime, increasing the NFAR could improve the root morphophysiology (root dry weight, root oxidation activity, root bleeding rate, root total absorbing surface area, root active absorbing surface area, and zeatin + zeatin riboside contents in roots) and aboveground physiological indexes (leaf photosynthetic rate, non-structural carbohydrate accumulation in stems, and nitrate reductase activity in leaves) in two varieties. Under the same NFAR, increasing the irrigation amount could significantly increase the above indexes in Hyou 518 (except root dry weight) but has little effect on Hanyou 73. 3) Analysis of correlations revealed that the grain yield of Hyou 518 and Hanyou 73 was basically positively correlated with aboveground physiology and root morphophysiology, respectively. Conclusion The grain yield could be maintained by water stress under medium NFAR in WDR. The improvement of root morphophysiology is a major factor for high yield under the irrigation regime and NFAR treatments in WDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danping Hou
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Institute for Agri-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shikun Liu
- Agronomy College, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Juncai Li
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinsong Tan
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingyu Bi
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Anning Zhang
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinqiao Yu
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Junguo Bi
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijun Luo
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, Shanghai, China
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Shu X, Zhang X, Wang S, Fu T, Ding Z, Yang Y, Wang Z, Zhao S, Xu J, Zhou J, Ju J, Huang J, Yao Y, Wang Y, Dong G. Simplified panicle fertilization is applicable to japonica cultivars, but splits are preferred in indica rice for a higher paddy yield under wheat straw return. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1273774. [PMID: 38352646 PMCID: PMC10861670 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1273774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Introduction The panicle fertilization strategy for japonica and indica rice under wheat straw return (SR) has not been updated, especially on the elaboration of their impacts on spikelet differentiation and degeneration. This study aimed to verify the hypothesis that SR increases spikelet number by reducing spikelet degeneration and to explore the possibility of simplifying panicle fertilization. Methods In three consecutive years, four varieties of japonica and indica rice were field-grown in Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China. Six panicle fertilization rates and split treatments were applied to SR and no straw return (NR) conditions. Results The results showed that SR promoted rice yield significantly by 3.77%, and the highest yields were obtained under the T2 (split panicle fertilization at the panicle initiation (PI) and spikelet primordium differentiation (SPD) stages) and T1 (panicle fertilization only at the PI stage) treatments, for indica and japonica rice, respectively. Correlation and path analysis revealed that the number of spikelets per panicle was the most attributable to yield variation. SR significantly increased the concentration of alkali hydrolyzable N in the soil 40 days after rice transplantation, significantly increased the nitrogen accumulation per stem (NA) during the SPD-pollen mother cell meiosis (PMC) stage, and increased the brassinosteroids level in the young panicles at the PMC stage. SR also reduced the degeneration rate of spikelets (DRS) and increased the number of surviving spikelets (NSS). The dry matter accumulation per stem was more important to increasing the NA in japonica rice at the PMC stage, whereas NA was more affected by the N content than the dry matter accumulation in indica rice. In japonica rice, panicle N application once only at the PI stage combined with the N released from SR was enough to improve the plant N content, reduce the DRS, and increase the NSS. For indica rice, split application of N panicle fertilization at both the PI and SPD stages was still necessary to achieve a maximum NSS. Discussion In conclusion, under wheat SR practice, panicle fertilization could be simplified to once in japonica rice with a significant yield increase, whereas equal splits might still be optimal for indica rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Shu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Zhang
- Lixiahe Agricultural Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shushen Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tong Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhouyu Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zihan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shiru Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiejiao Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Ju
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianye Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Youli Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yulong Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guichun Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Zou Y, Zhang Y, Cui J, Gao J, Guo L, Zhang Q. Nitrogen fertilization application strategies improve yield of the rice cultivars with different yield types by regulating phytohormones. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21803. [PMID: 38071312 PMCID: PMC10710506 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48491-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the most important food crop worldwide, and its sustainable development is essential to ensure global food security. Panicle morphological and physiological characteristics plays an important role in rice yield formation. However, under different nitrogen (N) fertilization strategies, it is not clear whether the morphological and physiological state of panicles at panicle development stage affects the formation of yield. To understand how the panicle differentiation and development, and grain yield are affected by the N fertilization strategies, and clarify the relationship between related traits and yield in the process of panicle development in different cultivars. In this study consisted of no N fertilizer and four N fertilization strategies, a panicle weight type (PWT) rice cultivar, Dongfu 114 (DF114) and a panicle number type (PNT) rice cultivar, Longdao 11 (LD11) were grown in the field. The results showed that N fertilization strategies could improve the nitrogen use efficiency and yield of rice, but the response of different rice varieties to N fertilizer strategies was different. Different from the DF114, the further increase of panicle N fertilizer ratio could not further improve the yield of LD11, and the highest grain yield of DF114 and LD11 was obtained under N4 and N3 conditions, respectively. In addition, this study found that N fertilizer strategies can affect the content of phytohormones in rice at the panicle differentiation stage, and then regulate the differentiation and development of rice panicles to affect yield. It is of great significance to optimize the application mode of N fertilizer according to the characteristics of varieties to improve rice yield and ensure food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zou
- Agronomy College Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Physiological Ecology of Grain Crops in Cold Region, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- Agronomy College Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Jiehao Cui
- Agronomy College Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Jiacong Gao
- Agronomy College Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Liying Guo
- Agronomy College Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Agronomy College Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Physiological Ecology of Grain Crops in Cold Region, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150030, China.
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Wang J, Qiu Y, Zhang X, Zhou Z, Han X, Zhou Y, Qin L, Liu K, Li S, Wang W, Chen Y, Yang J, Liu L. Increasing basal nitrogen fertilizer rate improves grain yield, quality and 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline in rice under wheat straw returning. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1099751. [PMID: 36714775 PMCID: PMC9878184 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1099751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Straw returning plays an essential role in crop yields and the sustainable development of agriculture. However, the effects and mechanisms of nitrogen (N) fertilizer management on grain yield, quality and aroma substance 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP) content under wheat straw returning are still unclear. In this field experiment, two japonica rice cultivars were used as materials, wheat straw non-returning (NS) and wheat straw full returning (WS) were designed coupled with two N application ratios, namely basal fertilizer: tiller fertilizer: panicle fertilizer =5:1:4 (local farmers' fertilizer practice, LFP) and 7:1:2 (increasing basal fertilizer rate, IBF) under the total N application rate of 270 kg ha-1. The effects of the four treatment combinations (NS-LFP, NS-IBF, WS-LFP, WS-IBF) on yield, cooking and eating quality, and 2-AP content in rice were investigated. The two-year (2020, 2021) results showed that: 1) WS-IBF significantly increased the number of panicles and grains per panicle, leading to the increase in grain yield by 6.67%-12.21%, when compared with NS-LFP, NS-IBF and WS-LFP. 2) WS-IBF enhanced the taste value, peak viscosity, breakdown value, the ratio of amylopectin to amylose, and the ratio of glutelin to prolamin while reducing the setback value and amylose content of rice flour. 3) Compared with NS, WS increased the activities of proline dehydrogenase and ornithine transaminase, the synthetic precursors of 2-AP, and finally increased 2-AP content in rice grains. WS-IBF slightly decreased 2-AP content, but there was no significant difference with WS-LFP. The above results indicated that adjusting the N regime and increasing basal N fertilizer rate under wheat straw returning is conducive to improving grain yield, cooking and eating quality, and 2-AP content in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Qiu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xingyu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xian Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Li Qin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Siyu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Weilu Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun Chen
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianchang Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lijun Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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