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Obara K, Uenoyama R, Obata Y, Miyazaki M. Development of the gas chromatography/mass spectrometry-based aroma designer capable of modifying volatile chemical compositions in complex odors. Chem Senses 2024; 49:bjae007. [PMID: 38386845 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjae007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Many volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are used to produce various commercial products with aromas mimicking natural products. The VOCs responsible for aromas have been identified from many natural products. The current major strategy is to analyze chemical compositions and aroma qualities of individual VOCs using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and GC-olfactometry. However, such analyses cannot determine whether candidate VOCs contribute to the characteristic aroma in mixtures of many VOCs. In this study, we developed a GC/MS-based VOC collection/omission system that can modify the VOC compositions of samples easily and rapidly. The system is composed of GC/MS with a switching unit that can change gas flow routes between MS and a VOC collection device. We first applied this system to prepare gas samples for omission tests, and the aroma qualities of VOC mixtures with and without some VOCs were evaluated by panelists. If aroma qualities were different between the 2 samples, the omitted VOCs were likely key odorants. By collecting VOCs in a gas bag attached to the collection device and transferring some VOCs to MS, specific VOCs could be omitted easily from the VOC mixture. The system could prepare omission samples without chemical identification, preparation of each VOC, and laborious techniques for mixing VOCs, thus overcoming the limitations of previous methods of sample preparation. Finally, the system was used to prepare artificial aromas by replacing VOC compositions between different samples for screening of key odorants. In conclusion, the system developed here can improve aroma research by identifying key odorants from natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaname Obara
- Division of Agriculture, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Reiko Uenoyama
- Department of Bioresources Science, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Yutaro Obata
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Masao Miyazaki
- Division of Agriculture, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
- Department of Bioresources Science, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
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Russo M, Rigano F, Arigò A, Dugo P, Mondello L. Coumarins, Psoralens and Polymethoxyflavones in Cold-pressed Citrus Essential Oils: a Review. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2020.1857855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Russo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesca Rigano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Adriana Arigò
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Paola Dugo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Department of Sciences and Technologies for Human and Environment, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Taverna D, Di Donna L, Mazzotti F, Tagarelli A, Napoli A, Furia E, Sindona G. Rapid discrimination of bergamot essential oil by paper spray mass spectrometry and chemometric analysis. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2016; 51:761-767. [PMID: 27460885 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel approach for the rapid discrimination of bergamot essential oil from other citrus fruits oils is presented. The method was developed using paper spray mass spectrometry (PS-MS) allowing for a rapid molecular profiling coupled with a statistic tool for a precise and reliable discrimination between the bergamot complex matrix and other similar matrices, commonly used for its reconstitution. Ambient mass spectrometry possesses the ability to record mass spectra of ordinary samples, in their native environment, without sample preparation or pre-separation by creating ions outside the instrument. The present study reports a PS-MS method for the determination of oxygen heterocyclic compounds such as furocoumarins, psoralens and flavonoids present in the non-volatile fraction of citrus fruits essential oils followed by chemometric analysis. The volatile fraction of Bergamot is one of the most known and fashionable natural products, which found applications in flavoring industry as ingredient in beverages and flavored foodstuff. The development of the presented method employed bergamot, sweet orange, orange, cedar, grapefruit and mandarin essential oils. PS-MS measurements were carried out in full scan mode for a total run time of 2 min. The capability of PS-MS profiling to act as marker for the classification of bergamot essential oils was evaluated by using multivariate statistical analysis. Two pattern recognition techniques, linear discriminant analysis and soft independent modeling of class analogy, were applied to MS data. The cross-validation procedure has shown excellent results in terms of the prediction ability because both models have correctly classified all samples for each category. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Taverna
- University of Calabria, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies-CTC, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, 87036, Italy
| | - Leonardo Di Donna
- University of Calabria, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies-CTC, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, 87036, Italy
| | - Fabio Mazzotti
- University of Calabria, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies-CTC, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, 87036, Italy
| | - Antonio Tagarelli
- University of Calabria, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies-CTC, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, 87036, Italy
| | - Anna Napoli
- University of Calabria, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies-CTC, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, 87036, Italy
| | - Emilia Furia
- University of Calabria, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies-CTC, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, 87036, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sindona
- University of Calabria, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies-CTC, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, 87036, Italy
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Abstract
This article summarizes the most important developments in the use of 2D-LC for bioanalysis in the last 5 years. While several interesting and powerful applications have been developed recently, this work has been supported by continued, significant development of theoretical concepts, instrument development and practical aspects of method development. Some of the most exciting applications have been focused on the use of 2D-LC and characterize proteins both as biotherapeutic drug substances, and in formulations. These materials are inherently complex, difficult to resolve chromatographically and present problems that are essentially unknown (e.g., aggregation) in the small molecule world, thus 2D-LC can be leveraged very effectively to address these challenges.
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Russo M, Bonaccorsi I, Costa R, Trozzi A, Dugo P, Mondello L. Reduced time HPLC analyses for fast quality control ofcitrusessential oils. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2015.1027419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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6
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Determination of alcohols in essential oils by liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection after chromogenic derivatization. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1296:157-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.04.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Dugo P, Russo M, Sarò M, Carnovale C, Bonaccorsi I, Mondello L. Multidimensional liquid chromatography for the determination of chiral coumarins and furocoumarins in Citrus
essential oils. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:1828-36. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Dugo
- Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico; University of Messina; Messina Italy
- University Campus Bio-Medico; Rome Italy
| | - Marina Russo
- Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico; University of Messina; Messina Italy
| | | | | | - Ivana Bonaccorsi
- Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico; University of Messina; Messina Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico; University of Messina; Messina Italy
- University Campus Bio-Medico; Rome Italy
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Tranchida PQ, Bonaccorsi I, Dugo P, Mondello L, Dugo G. Analysis of Citrus essential oils: state of the art and future perspectives. A review. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.2089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Quinto Tranchida
- Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico, Facolt di Farmacia; Universit degli Studi di Messina; viale Annunziata; 98168; Messina; Italy
| | - Ivana Bonaccorsi
- Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico, Facolt di Farmacia; Universit degli Studi di Messina; viale Annunziata; 98168; Messina; Italy
| | | | | | - Giovanni Dugo
- Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico, Facolt di Farmacia; Universit degli Studi di Messina; viale Annunziata; 98168; Messina; Italy
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Bonaccorsi I, Sciarrone D, Schipilliti L, Dugo P, Mondello L, Dugo G. Multidimensional enantio gas chromtography/mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-combustion-isotopic ratio mass spectrometry for the authenticity assessment of lime essential oils (C. aurantifolia Swingle and C. latifolia Tanaka). J Chromatogr A 2011; 1226:87-95. [PMID: 22088669 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Revised: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
This article focuses on the genuineness assessment of Lime oils (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle and C. latifolia Tanaka), by Multi Dimensional Gas Chromatography (MDGC) to determine the enantiomeric distribution of α-thujene, camphene, β-pinene, sabinene, α-phellandrene, β-phellandrene, limonene, linalool, terpinen-4-ol, α-terpineol and by gas chromatography-combustion isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS) to determine the isotopic ratios of α-pinene, β-pinene, limonene, α-terpineol, neral, geranial, β-caryophyllene, trans-α-bergamotene, germacrene B. To the author's knowledge this is the first attempt to assess the authenticity and differentiate Persian Lime from Key lime oils by GC-C-IRMS. The results of the two analytical approaches were compared. The simultaneous use of the two techniques provides more reliable capability to detect adulteration in Citrus essential oils. In fact, in some circumstance only one of the two techniques allows to discriminate adulterated or contaminated oils. In cases where only small anomalies are detected by the two techniques due to subtle adulterations, their synergic use allows to express judgments. The advantage of both techniques is the low number of components the analyst must evaluate, reducing the complexity of the data necessary to deal with. Moreover, the conventional analytical approach based on the evaluation of the whole volatile fraction can fail to reveal the quality of the oils, if the adulteration is extremely subtle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Bonaccorsi
- Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università di Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168-Messina, Italy.
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Turek C, Stintzing FC. Application of high-performance liquid chromatography diode array detection and mass spectrometry to the analysis of characteristic compounds in various essential oils. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 400:3109-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-4976-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Revised: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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González-Molina E, Domínguez-Perles R, Moreno DA, García-Viguera C. Natural bioactive compounds of Citrus limon for food and health. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2009; 51:327-45. [PMID: 19748198 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2009.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2009] [Revised: 06/19/2009] [Accepted: 07/22/2009] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Citrus genus is the most important fruit tree crop in the world and lemon is the third most important Citrus species. Several studies highlighted lemon as an important health-promoting fruit rich in phenolic compounds as well as vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber, essential oils and carotenoids. Lemon fruit has a strong commercial value for the fresh products market and food industry. Moreover, lemon productive networks generate high amounts of wastes and by-products that constitute an important source of bioactive compounds with potential for animal feed, manufactured foods, and health care. This review focuses on the phytochemistry and the analytical aspects of lemon compounds as well as on the importance for food industry and the relevance of Citrus limon for nutrition and health, bringing an overview of what is published on the bioactive compounds of this fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- E González-Molina
- Lab Fitoquímica, Dept Ciéncia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, CEBAS-CSIC, Apdo 164, 30100, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
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Namara KM, Howell J, Huang Y, Robbat A. Analysis of gin essential oil mixtures by multidimensional and one-dimensional gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with spectral deconvolution. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1164:281-90. [PMID: 17706661 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2007] [Revised: 07/10/2007] [Accepted: 07/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The composition of essential oils and their mixtures used to formulate gin is usually too complex to separate all sample components by standard capillary gas chromatography (GC). In particular, minor constituents that possess important organoleptic properties can be masked by co-elution with major sample components. A solution is provided that combines gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) with "interactive" spectral deconvolution software. Sequential two-dimensional (2D) GC/MS is used to produce a target compound library, with orthogonal GC-GC providing the separation power required to obtain peak retention times and the corresponding mass spectra needed for the deconvolution database. The combination of these two techniques, mass spectral deconvolution and automated sequential 2D-GC/MS, offers a very effective synergy for both identifying key constituents that determine the perception of flavor and aroma and the quality control needed to analyze mixtures of complex essential oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Mac Namara
- Irish Distillers - Pernod Ricard, Midleton Distillery, Midleton, Cork, Ireland
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Current awareness in phytochemical analysis. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2006; 17:63-70. [PMID: 16454478 DOI: 10.1002/pca.880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
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