Analysis of surface and volatile compounds of flower heads of introduced plants ofChrysanthemum coronarium L. growing wild in Chile

Studies on the In Vitro Antiproliferative, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition Activities Associated with Chrysanthemum coronarium Essential Oil

The essential oil of the Jordanian Chrysanthemum coronarium L. (garland) was isolated by hydrodistillation from dried flowerheads material. The oil was essayed for its in vitro scavenging activity using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The results demonstrate that the oil exhibits moderate radical scavenging activity relative to the strong antioxidant ascorbic acid. In addition, cholinesterase inhibitory activity of C. coronarium essential oil was evaluated for the first time. Applying Ellman's colorimetric method, interesting cholinesterase inhibitory activity, which is not dose dependent, was evident for the oil. Furthermore, antimicrobial activities of the oil against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria were evaluated. While it fails to inhibit Gram-negative bacteria growth, the antibacterial effects demonstrated by the oil were more pronounced against the Gram-positive strains. Moreover, the examined oil was assessed for its in vitro antiproliferative properties where it demonstrated variable activities towards different human cancer cell lines, of which the colon cancer was the most sensitive to the oil treatment.

Volatile oil profiles of the aerial parts of Jordanian garland, Chrysanthemum coronarium

OBJECTIVE

The study evaluates, qualitatively and quantitatively, the volatile oil profiles of the aerial parts of Jordanian garland Chrysanthemum coronarium L. (Asteraceae) and compares the findings with literature reports of garland of other sources, in terms of general composition and content of potentially active components.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The chemical composition of the essential oils isolated by hydrodistillation from dried material composed of flowerheads (FH) and aerial parts except for flowerheads (AEF) was assessed by GC-FID and GC-MS.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

More than 60 components were identified in the studied oils, corresponding to about 99.6 and 99.7% of total oil constituents of FH and AEF, respectively. The oil was characterized by substantial levels of monoterpenes (76.9% in FH and 61.9% in AEF) and moderate levels of sesquiterpenes (15.7% in FH and 27.7% in AEF). The oil from FH was characterized by high levels of oxygenated monoterpenes (64.3%, compared to 15.3% in AEF) and moderate levels of both monoterpene-hydrocarbons (12.6%, compared to 46.6% in AEF as the major fraction) and sesquiterpene-hydrocarbons (14.7%, compared to 23.5% in AEF), while very low levels of oxygenated sesquiterpenes were observed in both oils (1.0% in FH and 4.2% in AEF). The principal oil component was camphor (17.5%) in FH and myrcene (36.7%) in AEF. Other major components identified in the FH oil were santolina triene (4.3%), neoiso-3-thujanol (5.6%), cis-chrysanthenyl acetate (10.8%), perilla aldehyde (11.7%), iso-italicene (4.7%), phenylpropyl butanoate (4.9%), and germacrene D (4.3%), while Z-β-ocimene (5.2%), isobornyl acetate (5.2%), E-β-farnesene (12.1%), and germacrene D (4.5%) were the major constituents of AEF oil.

Headspace sampling of the volatile fraction of vegetable matrices

The evolution of vapour phase sampling of the volatile fraction of vegetable matrices, or of products directly related to them, over the period 1996-2007 is reviewed. High concentration capacity headspace (HCC-HS) and dynamic headspace (D-HS) techniques, that is headspace sampling approaches where the analytes in the vapour phase are concentrated into a sorbent, an adsorbent or a solvent, are considered. Advantages, disadvantages and applications to the vegetable field of several successful techniques based on these approaches are critically presented, including in-tube sorptive extraction (INCAT, HS-SPDE), headspace sorptive extraction (HSSE), solid-phase aroma concentrate extraction (SPACE), large surface area HCC-HS sampling (MESI, MME, HS-STE), headspace liquid-phase microextraction (HS-LPME) and dynamic headspace samplings (D-HS). The developments necessary to overcome some of the limits of the above approaches and techniques are also discussed in view of their application to new fields.