Antioxidant Properties and Secondary Metabolites Profile of Hyptis colombiana at Various Phenological Stages

Hyptis colombiana (Lamiaceae family), a species also treated as Cantinoa colombiana in a recently segregated genus from Hyptis, is a perennial herb or subshrub native to the Andes of northern South America. H. colombiana leaves are commonly used in traditional medicine to treat respiratory and digestive illnesses. In this study, H. colombiana plants at different phenological stages (vegetative, flowering, and post-flowering) were harvested to obtain essential oils (EOs) and extracts (from fresh plant materials or post-distillation waste) whose chemical compositions and antioxidant activities were determined. H. colombiana EOs distilled by microwave-assisted hydrodistillation were analyzed by GC/MS/FID, and hydroalcoholic extracts obtained from fresh plant materials or post-distillation waste were analyzed by UHPLC-ESI+/--Orbitrap-MS. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by the ABTS+• and ORAC assays. The principal compounds found in EOs were sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (65%); specifically, (E)-β-caryophyllene and germacrene D. Pyranone, rosmarinic acid, rutin, and p-hydroxybenzoic acid were the main constituents in H. colombiana extracts. After analyzing the chemical composition and antioxidant activity (ORAC) of EOs and hydroethanolic extracts from flowering H. colombiana plants, minimal variations were found. It is advisable to harvest H. colombiana plants during their flowering stage to acquire EOs and extracts that can be utilized in the agro-industry of EOs and their natural derivatives.

Quality retention and shelf life extension of fresh beef using Lepidium sativum seed mucilage-based edible coating containing Heracleum lasiopetalum essential oil: an experimental and modeling study

The instability and strong flavor or odor of essential oils (EO) limit their direct incorporation into food products. In this study, the antioxidant and antimicrobial Heracleum lasiopetalum essential oil (HLEO) was added to Lepidium sativum seed mucilage (LSSM) solution at four concentrations (0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5%) to develop a novel edible coating and expand its food application. HLEO-loaded LSSM coating was then used to improve the shelf life and quality of beef as a model food system. The coated and control beef samples were periodically analyzed for physicochemical analysis, microbiological, and sensory characteristics over a period of 9 days at 4 °C. The HLEO-enriched LSSM coating, particularly 1.5% loaded one resulted in a significant (p < 0.05) increase in oxidative and microbiological stability and overall acceptance of the beef samples, compared to the control counterpart. HLEO-loaded LSSM coating, therefore, provides a promising alternative to preserve the meat products under cold storage.

Biological Activity and Composition of the Essential Oil of Tetrataenium Nephrophyllum (Apiaceae) from Iran

The aerial parts of Tetrataenium nephrophyllum were collected at the flowering stage, hydrodistilled, and the essential oil was analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Forty components accounting for 97.9% of the total oil were identified. Germacrene D (38.5%), 2-ethylhexyl acetate (11.2%), n-octyl 2-methylbutanoate (9.2%) and geranyl isovalerate (8.3%) were the major constituents. Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (51.3%) and aliphatic esters (40.4%) were found to be the main group of compounds. The antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of T. nephrophyllum was determined against seven Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae), as well as three fungi (Candida albicans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus niger). The bioassay showed that the oil exhibited moderate to high antimicrobial activity.

Composition, in vitro Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of the Leaf Essential Oil of Machilus konishii from Taiwan

The chemical composition and in vitro anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the leaf essential oil of Machilus konishii has been investigated. The essential oil was isolated using hydrodistillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus, and characterized by GC–FID and GC–MS. Sixty-six compounds were identified, representing 100% of the oil. The main components identified were α-pinene (33.9%), β-pinene (13.9%), and thymol (12.0%). The leaf oil was able to reduce nitric oxide production by lipopolysaccharide-activated murine macrophages RAW 264.7 without reducing the cell viability. In addition, the leaf oil showed strong antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The major ingredient of the oil that was responsible for the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities was thymol.

Antioxidant activity of different parts of Tetrataenium lasiopetalum

CONTEXT

In Iranian traditional medicine, different species of the genus Tetrataenium are used as antiseptic, spice and food additives.

OBJECTIVE

The present study examined the possible antioxidant effects of hydro-alcoholic extracts of different parts of Tetrataenium lasiopetalum (Boiss.) Manden (Apiaceae).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Laminas, stems, petioles, fruits, peduncles and flowers of T. lasiopetalum were collected, dried and then extracted by ethanol and water (70:30). Antioxidant activities of extracts were examined by employing different in vitro assays, i.e., 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, metal chelating, reducing power activities and hemoglobin-induced linoleic acid system. Also, total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the extracts were evaluated.

RESULTS

Hydro-alcoholic extract of T. lasiopetalum flower showed the highest activity in scavenging of DPPH (IC50 = 170 ± 7 μg/mL). In metal chelating assay, lamina extract possesses a better iron ion chelating activity than other extracts (230 ± 10 μg/mL). Lamina hydro-alcoholic extract demonstrated better activity in reducing the power and hemoglobin-induced linoleic acid system than other parts of T. lasiopetalum.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION

These results showed the antioxidant activity of different parts of T. lasiopetalum based on its usage in traditional medicine.

Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of the Leaf Essential oil of Litsea kostermansii from Taiwan

The hydrodistillated leaf essential oil of Litsea kostermansii was analyzed to determine its composition and yield. Seventy-three compounds were identified, the main components being β-eudesmol (22.5%), γ-eudesmol (18.6%), δ-selinene (8.5%), α-eudesmol (6.0%), and γ-muurolene (4.7%). Oxygenated sesquiterpenes (66.2%) and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (32.8%) were the predominant groups of compounds. The leaf oil exhibited excellent antimicrobial activities.

Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of the Leaf Essential Oil of Litsea Nakaii from Taiwan

The leaf essential oil of Litsea nakaii was isolated by hydrodistillation and analyzed to determine its composition and yield. Fifty-five compounds were identified, the main components being α-humulene (15.5%), δ-cadinene (9.2%), ( E)-β-ocimene (8.1%), and δ-selinene (7.1%). The leaf oil exhibited excellent antimicrobial activities.

Antibacterial Activity and Composition of the Essential Oil of Nepeta Menthoides from Iran

The antibacterial activity and chemical composition of the essential oil obtained from the aerial flowering parts of Nepeta menthoides were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Twenty-nine compounds representing 97.6% of the total oil were identified. Oxygenated monoterpenes (71.9%) were the principal fraction of the oil with 1,8-cineole (33.8%) and 4aα-7α-7aα-nepetalactone (23.2%) as the main constituents. The antibacterial activity of the oil and its two main constituents were tested against seven bacteria. High activity of the oil and its two main constituents was demonstrated against all the tested bacteria with MIC values in the range of 1.8 - 7.2, 0.9 - 7.2 and 1.8 - 15 mg/mL, respectively.

Biological Activity and Composition of the Essential Oil of Dracocephalum Moldavica L. Grown in Iran

The biological activity and composition of the essential oil of the aerial flowering parts of D. moldavica have been investigated. The oil analysis was performed by GC and GC-MS. Thirteen compounds were identified, representing 99.8% of the oil. Oxygenated monoterpenes (96.3%) were found to be the principal group of compounds, of which neral, geranial, geranyl acetate and geraniol with 32.1, 21.6, 19.9 and 17.6% of the total oil were the main constituents, respectively. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the essential oil and its main components, citral, geraniol and geranyl acetate, showed that all of the tested microorganisms were highly inhibited by the essential oil with inhibition zones ranged from 15 – 41 mm for bacteria and 29 – 30 mm for fungi. The most sensitive microorganisms were Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis with the lowest MIC values of 0.9 mg/mL. Considering sensitivity screening, it is conceivable that the activity of the oil from D. moldavica could be attributed mainly to the presence of citral.