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Vainer Y, Wang Y, Huff RM, Perets D, Sar-Shalom E, Yakir E, Ghaninia M, Coutinho-Abreu Gomes IV, Ruiz C, Rajamanickam D, Warburg A, Akbari OS, Papathanos PA, Ignell R, Riffell JA, Pitts RJ, Bohbot JD. A conserved odorant receptor underpins borneol-mediated repellency in culicine mosquitoes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.08.01.548337. [PMID: 37577635 PMCID: PMC10418152 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.01.548337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of essential oils derived from the camphor tree to repel mosquitoes is an ancient practice that originated in Southeast Asia and gradually spread to China and across Europe via the Maritime Silk Road. The olfactory mechanisms by which these oils elicit avoidance behavior are unclear. Here we show that plant bicyclic monoterpenoids and borneol specifically activate a neural pathway that originates in the orphan olfactory receptor neuron of the capitate peg sensillum in the maxillary palp, and projects to the mediodorsal glomerulus 3 in the antennal lobe. This neuron co-locates with two olfactory receptor neurons tuned to carbon dioxide and octenol that mediate human-host detection. We also confirm that borneol elicits repellency against human-seeking female mosquitoes. Understanding the functional role of the mosquito maxillary palp is essential to investigating olfactory signal integration and host-selection behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Vainer
- Department of Entomology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yinliang Wang
- Department of Entomology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
- Northeast Normal University, China
| | | | - Dor Perets
- Department of Entomology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Esther Yakir
- Department of Entomology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Majid Ghaninia
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden
| | | | - Carlos Ruiz
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, USA
| | | | - A. Warburg
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Omar S. Akbari
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, USA
| | | | - R. Ignell
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden
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Luker HA. A critical review of current laboratory methods used to evaluate mosquito repellents. FRONTIERS IN INSECT SCIENCE 2024; 4:1320138. [PMID: 38469342 PMCID: PMC10926509 DOI: 10.3389/finsc.2024.1320138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Pathogens transmitted by mosquitoes threaten human health around the globe. The use of effective mosquito repellents can protect individuals from contracting mosquito-borne diseases. Collecting evidence to confirm and quantify the effectiveness of a mosquito repellent is crucial and requires thorough standardized testing. There are multitudes of methods to test repellents that each have their own strengths and weaknesses. Determining which type of test to conduct can be challenging and the collection of currently used and standardized methods has changed over time. Some of these methods can be powerful to rapidly screen numerous putative repellent treatments. Other methods can test mosquito responses to specific treatments and measure either spatial or contact repellency. A subset of these methods uses live animals or human volunteers to test the repellency of treatments. Assays can greatly vary in their affordability and accessibility for researchers and/or may require additional methods to confirm results. Here I present a critical review that covers some of the most frequently used laboratory assays from the last two decades. I discuss the experimental designs and highlight some of the strengths and weaknesses of each type of method covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailey A. Luker
- Molecular Vector Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
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Boevé JL, Sonet G, Jacobson HR, Angeli S. Cypress terpenes in sawfly larva of Susana cupressi (Hymenoptera: Symphyta: Tenthredinoidea). THE SCIENCE OF NATURE - NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN 2023; 110:13. [PMID: 36971882 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-023-01841-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Several sawfly species (Hymenoptera: Symphyta) possess larval stages with oesophageal diverticula in which plant compounds are sequestered and used for defence against predators. These organs are present in the larvae of Susana (Tenthredinidae) but remain poorly studied. Here, the aim was to analyse the diverticula extract of Susana cupressi by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to better understand the ecology of this species. The foliage of the hostplant (Cupressus sempervirens), as well as the larval foregut, midgut, and haemolymph were also analysed. Complementary data were gathered by morphological observations, bioassays using ants, and genetic analyses to identify the studied Susana species. Altogether, 48 terpenes were identified, 30 being sesquiterpenes. The terpenes were generally detected in the foliage, but also in the diverticula, foregut, and midgut, whereas none of them in the haemolymph. The main compounds were alpha-cedrene, alpha-fenchene, alpha-pinene, alpha-terpinyl acetate, beta-myrcene, beta-pinene, cedrol, delta 3-carene, epi-bicyclosesquiphellandrene, germacrene D, limonene, sabinene, and terpinolene. The chemical profiles of these 13 compounds were significantly correlated between foliage-diverticula, diverticula-foregut and foregut-midgut, but not correlated for the three remaining possible comparisons. Alpha-pinene decreased and germacrene D increased from the foliage to the diverticula, which may reflect a specific sequestration of the latter terpene and its known deleterious effects on insects. We conclude that larvae of S. cupressi, similarly to those of diprionids, are well defended against predatory attacks by sequestering and regurgitating hostplant terpenes, including germacrene D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Luc Boevé
- OD Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Rue Vautier 29, 1000, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Gontran Sonet
- OD Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Rue Vautier 29, 1000, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Sergio Angeli
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazza Università 1, Bozen-Bolzano, 39100, Italy
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Judzentiene A, Budiene J, Nedveckyte I, Garjonyte R. Antioxidant and Toxic Activity of Helichrysum arenarium (L.) Moench and Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. Don Essential Oils and Extracts. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27041311. [PMID: 35209096 PMCID: PMC8879542 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Helichrysum arenarium (L.) Moench (sandy everlasting) is the only species from genus Helichrysum Mill that grows spontaneously in Lithuania. The chemical composition of the essential oils (EOs) from inflorescences and leaves of H. arenarium wild plants was analysed by GC-MS. Palmitic (≤23.8%), myristic (≤14.9%) and lauric (6.1%) acids, n-nonanal (10.4%), and trans-β-caryophyllene (≤6.5%) were the major constituents in the EOs. For comparison, the main components in EO from flowers (commercial herb material) of H.italicum were γ-curcumene (21.5%), β-selinene (13.6%), α-selinene (8.1%), β-eudesmol (8.3%), and α-pinene (6.5%). Composition of H. arenarium methanolic extracts was investigated by HPLC-DAD-TOF. The main compounds were the following: luteolin-7-O-glucoside, naringenin and its glucoside, apigenin, chlorogenic acid, arenol, and arzanol. Antioxidant activity of EOs and extracts was tested by DPPH● and ABTS●+ assays. Sandy everlasting extracts exhibited significantly higher radical scavenging activities (for leaves 11.18 to 19.13 and for inflorescences 1.96 to 6.13 mmol/L TROLOX equivalent) compared to those of all tested EOs (0.25 to 0.46 mmol/L TROLOX equivalent). Antioxidant activity, assayed electrochemically by cyclic and square wave voltammetry correlated with total polyphenolic content in extracts and radical scavenging properties of EOs and extracts. The toxic activity of EOs of both Helichrysum species was evaluated using a brine shrimp (Artemia salina) bioassay. H. italicum inflorescence EO was found to be toxic (LC50 = 15.99 µg/mL) as well as that of H. arenarium (LC50 ≤ 23.42 µg/mL) oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asta Judzentiene
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Sauletekio Avenue 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (J.B.); (R.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +370-69412190
| | - Jurga Budiene
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Sauletekio Avenue 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (J.B.); (R.G.)
| | - Irena Nedveckyte
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Avenue 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Rasa Garjonyte
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Sauletekio Avenue 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (J.B.); (R.G.)
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Dittrichia graveolens (L.) Greuter, a Rapidly Spreading Invasive Plant: Chemistry and Bioactivity. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030895. [PMID: 35164160 PMCID: PMC8840657 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dittrichia graveolens L. Greuter belonging to the Asteraceae family, is an aromatic herbaceous plant native to the Mediterranean region. This plant species has been extensively studied for its biological activities, including antioxidant, antitumor, antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anticholinesterase, and antityrosinase, and for its peculiar metabolic profile. In particular, bioactivities are related to terpenes and flavonoids metabolites, such as borneol (40), tomentosin (189), inuviscolide (204). However, D. graveolens is also well known for causing health problems both in animals and humans. Moreover, the species is currently undergoing a dramatic northward expansion of its native range related to climate change, now including North Europe, California, and Australia. This review represents an updated overview of the 52 literature papers published in Scopus and PubMed dealing with expansion, chemistry (262 different compounds), pharmacological effects, and toxicology of D. graveolens up to October 2021. The review is intended to boost further studies to determine the molecular pathways involved in the observed activities, bioavailability, and clinical studies to explore new potential applications.
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Harrington LC, Foy BD, Bangs MJ. Considerations for Human Blood-Feeding and Arthropod Exposure in Vector Biology Research: An Essential Tool for Investigations and Disease Control. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2020; 20:807-816. [PMID: 32905735 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2020.2620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Eventually there may be a broadly acceptable, even perfected, substitute for the human host requirement for direct feeding experiments by arthropods, most notably mosquitoes. However, for now, direct and indirect feeding on human volunteers is an important, if not essential, tool in vector biology research (VBR). This article builds on the foundational publication by Achee et al. (2015) covering considerations for the use of human participants in VBR pursuits. The authors introduced methods involving human participation in VBR, while detailing human-landing collections (catches) as a prime example. Benedict et al. (2018) continued this theme with an overview of human participation and considerations for research that involves release of mosquito vectors into the environment. In this study, we discuss another important aspect of human use in VBR activities: considerations addressing studies that require an arthropod to feed on a live human host. Using mosquito studies as our principal example, in this study, we discuss the tremendous importance and value of this approach to support and allow study of a wide variety of factors and interactions related to our understanding of vector-borne diseases and their control. This includes establishment of laboratory colonies for test populations, characterization of essential nutrients that contribute to mosquito fitness, characterization of blood-feeding (biting) behavior and pathogen transmission, parameterization for modeling transmission dynamics, evaluation of human host attraction and/or agents that repel, and the effectiveness of antivector or parasite therapeutic drug studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian D Foy
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Arthropod-Borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory Fort Collins, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Michael J Bangs
- Public Health & Malaria Control, PT Freeport Indonesia/International SOS, Kuala Kencana, Indonesia.,Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Debbabi H, El Mokni R, Chaieb I, Nardoni S, Maggi F, Caprioli G, Hammami S. Chemical Composition, Antifungal and Insecticidal Activities of the Essential Oils from Tunisian Clinopodium Nepeta Subsp. nepeta and Clinopodium Nepeta Subsp. Glandulosum. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092137. [PMID: 32370305 PMCID: PMC7249092 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present investigation was focused on the study of the chemical composition variability and biological activities of the essential oils from Clinopodium nepeta subsp. nepeta and subsp. glandulosum. Essential oils extraction was performed using hydrodistillation and the separation of the constituents was carried out by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Antifungal activities were tested against Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus terreus, Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and Candida albicans. Toxicity and repellency were evaluated against the stored product pests Tribolium confusum and Sitophilus zeamais. Both essential oils were characterized by a high content of oxygenated monoterpenes. Piperitone ranks first in the subspecies nepeta and piperitenone oxide is the dominant constituent in the subspecies glandulosum. All tested samples displayed noteworthy antifungal properties, with the highest activity observed for the essential oil of C. nepeta subsp. glandulosum, collected in Béni-M'tir, against T. mentagrophytes (MIC = 40 µg/mL). The essential oil samples of C. nepeta subsp. glandulosum were strongly repellent to the insect species (PR > 80%, after 2h) and highly toxic to S. zeamais reaching 97.5%-100% mortality after 24 h of exposure. In conclusion, this study showed considerable intra-specific changes in the quality of C. nepeta essential oils, which is reflected in different rates of antifungal and insecticidal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haïfa Debbabi
- Research Unit 13ES63, Applied Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, University of Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia; (H.D.); (S.H.)
| | - Ridha El Mokni
- Department Pharmaceutical Sciences “A”, Laboratory of Botany, Cryptogamy and Plant Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir BP 207, Avenue Avicenna, University of Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia;
- Department of Silvo-Pastoral Resources, Laboratory of Research in Silvo-Pastoral Resources, Silvo-Pastoral Institute of Tabarka, BP. 345, University of Jendouba, Tabarka 8110, Tunisia
- IRESA, Laboratory of Forest Ecology, I.N.R.G.R.E.F, BP N°10, Ariana 2080, Tunisia
| | - Ikbal Chaieb
- Research unit UR13AGR09, Regional Center for Research in Horticulture and Organic Agriculture, Chott Mariem, University of Sousse, TN-4042 Sousse, Tunisia;
| | - Simona Nardoni
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Università degli Studi di Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Filippo Maggi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Caprioli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Saoussen Hammami
- Research Unit 13ES63, Applied Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, University of Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia; (H.D.); (S.H.)
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Maksimovic S, Tadic V, Skala D, Zizovic I. Separation of phytochemicals from Helichrysum italicum: An analysis of different isolation techniques and biological activity of prepared extracts. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2017; 138:9-28. [PMID: 28336139 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Helichrysum italicum presents a valuable source of natural bioactive compounds. In this work, a literature review of terpenes, phenolic compounds, and other less common phytochemicals from H. italicum with regard to application of different separation methods is presented. Data including extraction/separation methods and experimental conditions applied, obtained yields, number of identified compounds, content of different compound groups, and analytical techniques applied are shown as corresponding tables. Numerous biological activities of both isolates and individual compounds are emphasized. In addition, the data reported are discussed, and the directions for further investigations are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetolik Maksimovic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Karnegijeva 4, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Vanja Tadic
- Institute for Medical Plant Research "Dr Josif Pancic", Tadeusa Koscuska 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Dejan Skala
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Karnegijeva 4, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Irena Zizovic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Karnegijeva 4, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia.
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Božović M, Ragno R. Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi and its Main Essential Oil Constituent Pulegone: Biological Activities and Chemistry. Molecules 2017; 22:E290. [PMID: 28216606 PMCID: PMC6155702 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22020290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants play an important role in the treatment of a wide range of diseases, even if their chemical constituents are not always completely recognized. Observations on their use and efficacy significantly contribute to the disclosure of their therapeutic properties. Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi is an aromatic herb with a mint-oregano flavor, used in the Mediterranean areas as a traditional medicine. It has an extensive range of biological activities, including antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory, as well as anti-ulcer and insecticidal properties. This study aims to review the scientific findings and research reported to date on Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi that prove many of the remarkable various biological actions, effects and some uses of this species as a source of bioactive natural compounds. On the other hand, pulegone, the major chemical constituent of Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi essential oil, has been reported to exhibit numerous bioactivities in cells and animals. Thus, this integrated overview also surveys and interprets the present knowledge of chemistry and analysis of this oxygenated monoterpene, as well as its beneficial bioactivities. Areas for future research are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mijat Božović
- Rome Center for Molecular Design, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Rino Ragno
- Rome Center for Molecular Design, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
- Alchemical Dynamics s.r.l., 00125 Rome, Italy.
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Cheraghi Niroumand M, Farzaei MH, Karimpour Razkenari E, Amin G, Khanavi M, Akbarzadeh T, Shams-Ardekani MR. An Evidence-Based Review on Medicinal Plants Used as Insecticide and Insect Repellent in Traditional Iranian Medicine. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2016; 18:e22361. [PMID: 27186389 PMCID: PMC4867175 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.22361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Context Insects can be the cause of major ecological problems; they can transmit microbes and parasites that affect humans, and damage food crops, trees, and homes. The total economic cost of insect-related damage and disease is immeasurable. In traditional Iranian medicine (TIM), several medicinal plants have been identified as insecticides or insect repellents, but many of them are still unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to review the insecticidal or insect repellent activity of certain medicinal plants described in TIM. Evidence Acquisition Information about medicinal plants proposed as insecticides and insect repellents in the TIM was collected from the TIM literature, and searched in modern medical databases to find studies that confirmed their efficacy. Results Modern investigations have supported the claims of the insecticidal activity of several plants, including Allium sativum, Artemisia absinthium, Citrullus colocynthis, Laurus nobilis, Mentha pulegium, Myrtus communis, Nerium oleander, Ocimum basilicum, and Origanum majorana. However, in the cases of plants like Iris florentina and Malva sylvestris, there is not enough evidence in modern medicine to prove their effectiveness with regard to their insecticidal and insect repellent activities. Conclusions This study confirmed the Iranian traditional medicine claims of the insecticidal and insect repellent activity of certain plants. Further pharmacological and clinical studies are recommended to evaluate the overall efficacy and possible mechanisms underlying these herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Cheraghi Niroumand
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, IR Iran
| | - Elahe Karimpour Razkenari
- Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Gholamreza Amin
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Mahnaz Khanavi
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Tahmineh Akbarzadeh
- Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Shams-Ardekani
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Mohammad Reza Shams-Ardekani, Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel/Fax: +98-9123443344, E-mail:
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Abstract
Cupressus sempervirens L. (Cupressaceae), known as Mediterranean cypress, is a medicinal and aromatic plant with decorative uses. It is widely distributed throughout the Mediterranean region, including Syria, Turkey, Cyprus, Lebanon, Palestine, and some Greek Islands, as well as the southern coasts of the Caspian Sea in Iran. The plant has a long history of utilization in folk medicine in many countries, mainly for cough and flu treatment, and the research has consistently shown that C. sempervirens has antimicrobial, antiviral, insecticidal, antihyperlipidemic, cytotoxic, antioxidant, antiplatelet, hepatoprotective, and neurobiological activities to varying extents. The mentioned biological activities of the plant are strongly associated with its phytochemical content, which is particularly rich in phenolic constituents and essential oils that could be responsible for most of its antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antiviral activities. This chapter covers botanical information, brief phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities related to C. sempervirens.
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Antunes Viegas D, Palmeira-de-Oliveira A, Salgueiro L, Martinez-de-Oliveira J, Palmeira-de-Oliveira R. Helichrysum italicum: from traditional use to scientific data. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 151:54-65. [PMID: 24239849 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. Don fil. (family Asteraceae) has been used for its medicinal properties for a long time and, even nowadays, continues to play an important role in the traditional medicine of Mediterranean countries. Based on this traditional knowledge, its different pharmacological activities have been the focus of active research. This review aims to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge of the pharmacological activities of Helichrysum italicum, as well as its traditional uses, toxicity, drug interactions and safety. MATERIALS AND METHODS The selection of relevant data was made through a search using the keywords "Helichrysum italicum" and "H. italicum" in "Directory of Open Access Journals", "Google Scholar", "ISI Web of Knowledge", "PubMed", "ScienceDirect" and "Wiley Online Library". Information obtained in local and foreign books and other sources was also included. RESULTS There are reports on the traditional use of Helichrysum italicum in European countries, particularly Italy, Spain, Portugal and Bosnia and Herzegovina. In these countries, its flowers and leaves are the most used parts in the treatment of health disorders such as allergies, colds, cough, skin, liver and gallbladder disorders, inflammation, infections and sleeplessness. In order to validate some of the traditional uses of Helichrysum italicum and highlight other potential applications for its extracts and isolated compounds, several scientific studies have been conducted in the last decades. In vitro studies characterized Helichrysum italicum as an antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agent. Its flavonoids and terpenes were effective against bacteria (e.g. Staphylococcus aureus), its acetophenones, phloroglucinols and terpenoids displayed antifungal action against Candida albicans and its flavonoids and phloroglucinols inhibited HSV and HIV, respectively. Helichrysum italicum acetophenones, flavonoids and phloroglucinols demonstrated inhibitory action in different pathways of arachidonic acid metabolism and other pro-inflammatory mediators. Regarding Helichrysum italicum in vivo activity, the highlight goes to the anti-erythematous and photoprotective activities of its flavonoids, demonstrated both in animals and humans, and to the anti-inflammatory properties exhibited by its flavonoids, acetophenones and phloroglucinols, as seen in animal models. Concerning its safety and adverse effects, while Helichrysum italicum does not display significant levels of cytotoxicity or genotoxicity, it should be noticed that one of its flavonoids inhibited some CYP isoforms and a case has been reported of an allergic reaction to its extracts. CONCLUSIONS Helichrysum italicum is a medicinal plant with promising pharmacological activities. However, most of its traditionally claimed applications are not yet scientifically proven. Clinical trials are needed to further confirm these data and promote Helichrysum italicum as an important tool in the treatment of several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Antunes Viegas
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Ana Palmeira-de-Oliveira
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Lígia Salgueiro
- Center for Pharmaceutical Studies, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - José Martinez-de-Oliveira
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal; Child and Women Health Department, Centro Hospitalar Cova da Beira EPE, Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Rita Palmeira-de-Oliveira
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal; Pharmacy Department, Centro Hospitalar Cova da Beira EPE, Covilhã, Portugal.
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Karousou R, Hanlidou E, Lazari D. Essential-Oil Diversity of Three Calamintha Species from Greece. Chem Biodivers 2012; 9:1364-72. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201100262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Hao H, Sun J, Dai J. Preliminary analysis of several attractants and spatial repellents for the mosquito, Aedes albopictus using an olfactometer. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2012; 12:76. [PMID: 23418948 PMCID: PMC3593697 DOI: 10.1673/031.012.7601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Mosquito attractants and spatial repellents hold great promise in controlling mosquito pests. In assessing the effectiveness of mosquito attractants and repellents, a good olfactometer system, and optimized testing conditions, are essential. In this research, we demonstrated the usefulness of an olfactometer system, and optimized testing conditions for Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae). We found no significant difference in the biting activity of the insect between 8:00 and 22:00. Furthermore, 5-10 day old mosquitoes were relatively strongly attracted, with bloodsucking rate 75.8%. The random capture rate (entered trap in absence of odor) was less than 20% for the 20-40 tested insects. Capture rates and systematic errors increased as the number of testing insects increased. Wind speed affected the capture rate significantly, whereas variations in temperature between 25-28°C did not result in significant difference. The wind speed of 0.2 m/s exhibited a higher capture rate, which was significantly different from those at either 0.1 m/s or 0.4 m/s (P < 0.05). At the wind speed of 0.2 m/s, time durations within the first 8 minutes correlated positively with capture rates (r(2) = 0.997), but further increase in time duration to 10 minutes did not result in further increase in capture rates. One percent of L-lactic acid in dichloromethane resulted in a consistently higher capture rate (43.8%) than that from a human odor (31.2%). Under our testing conditions, eugenol, anisaldehyde, geraniol, citronellal, citral, and linalool all exhibited some inhibition effect on mosquitoes to successfully trace human odor or 1% of L-lactic acid in dichloromethane. The results of these two tests indicate that the L-lactic acid/dichloromethane mixture may be used as an effective attractant to evaluate the effect of possible spatial repellents on Ae. albopictus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Hao
- Naval Medical Research Institute, 880 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jingcheng Sun
- Naval Medical Research Institute, 880 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jianqing Dai
- Guangdong Entomological institute, 105 Xingang Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China
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González JA, García-Barriuso M, Gordaliza M, Amich F. Traditional plant-based remedies to control insect vectors of disease in the Arribes del Duero (western Spain): an ethnobotanical study. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 138:595-601. [PMID: 22001073 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Revised: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In several Spanish rural communities, simple and effective plant-based remedies are employed for the control of vector-borne diseases. Hence, the aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and usage custom of traditional insect control in the Arribes del Duero-ARD-(Salamanca-Zamora, W Spain). MATERIALS AND METHODS Between 2005 and 2009, 116 semi-structured interviews of 80 non-specialist people (44 men and 36 women; mean age, 72) were conducted. This community was located in the Arribes del Duero Natural Park, representative of a highly heterogeneous Mediterranean landscape with a strong decline in the population and a significant proportion (almost 40%) age 65 or greater. We calculated the cultural importance for each species cited. To analyze how traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) varies with the characteristics of the informants, we performed an ANCOVA. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS We documented the traditional use of 22 vascular plants as remedies to prevent or treat external parasites, and control mosquitoes, flies and other nuisance insects. There were described 27 plant remedies, of which 16 (59%) continue to be in use, including basil (Ocimum basilicum L. and Ocimum minimum L.) as a repellent for mosquitoes and houseflies. Most of the plant species contain phenols and/or terpenoids, and in several investigations bioassays have been performed to test their repellent and/or insecticidal properties. Three taxa (Ballota nigra L., Cicer arietinum L. and Ocimum minimum) have not been tested and these may offer excellent natural remedies. As well as allowing the discovery of new chemical compounds with insecticidal activity, this traditional knowledge may be paramount in the control of potential populations of vectors of emerging diseases in the Mediterranean region without harming the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A González
- Área de Zoología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca E-37071, Spain.
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