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Gaff M, Esteban‐Decloux M, Giampaoli P. Bitter orange peel essential oil: A review of the different factors and chemical reactions influencing its composition. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.3570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marion Gaff
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Ingénierie Procédés AlimentsAgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris‐Saclay Massy France
| | - Martine Esteban‐Decloux
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Ingénierie Procédés AlimentsAgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris‐Saclay Massy France
| | - Pierre Giampaoli
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Ingénierie Procédés AlimentsAgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris‐Saclay Massy France
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Sarrou E, Chatzopoulou P, Dimassi-Theriou K, Therios I. Volatile constituents and antioxidant activity of peel, flowers and leaf oils of Citrus aurantium L. growing in Greece. Molecules 2013; 18:10639-47. [PMID: 24002139 PMCID: PMC6270488 DOI: 10.3390/molecules180910639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The volatile constituents of the essential oils of the peel, flower (neroli) and leaves (petitgrain) of bitter orange (Citrus aurantium L.) growing in Greece were studied by GC-MS. The analytical procedures enabled the quantitative determination of 31 components. More specifically, the components of the essential oils identified were: twelve in the peel, twenty-six in the flowers, and twenty and sixteen in old and young leaves, respectively. The major constituents of the different parts of Citrus aurantium L. essential oils were: β-pinene (0.62%-19.08%), limonene (0.53%-94.67%), trans-β-ocimene (3.11%-6.06%), linalool (0.76%-58.21%), and α-terpineol (0.13%-12.89%). The DPPH test demonstrated that the essential oils in the old leaves had the maximum antioxidant activity, followed by the flowers, young leaves and the peel in that order. This study updates the data in the literature on the essential oils of bitter orange, and provides information on the composition of the oils for a further evaluation of this product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Sarrou
- Laboratory of Pomology, School of Horticulture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki 54124, Greece; E-Mails: (K.D.-T.); (I.T.)
| | - Paschalina Chatzopoulou
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization - Demeter (former NAGREF), Department of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Thessaloniki 57001, Greece; E-Mail:
| | - Kortessa Dimassi-Theriou
- Laboratory of Pomology, School of Horticulture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki 54124, Greece; E-Mails: (K.D.-T.); (I.T.)
| | - Ioannis Therios
- Laboratory of Pomology, School of Horticulture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki 54124, Greece; E-Mails: (K.D.-T.); (I.T.)
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Suetsugu T, Tanaka M, Iwai H, Matsubara T, Kawamoto Y, Saito C, Sasaki Y, Hoshino M, Quitain AT, Sasaki M, Sakamoto J, Goto M. Supercritical CO2 extraction of essential oil from Kabosu (Citrus sphaerocarpa Tanaka) peel. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1186/2044-7248-2-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Citrus sphaerocarpa Hort. ex Tanaka is one of many popular sour citruses in Japan. Its juice processing peel residues contain a lot of useful compounds including essential oil. Our interests mainly focused on the extraction of this essential oil using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2), an environmentally benign and generally regarded as safe solvent that has many advantages such as low critical temperature, low viscosity, and easy separation from the extract. In this research, essential oil was extracted from Citrus sphaerocarpa Tanaka peel using SC-CO2 at extraction temperatures of 313 to 353 K and pressures of 10 to 30 MPa.
Results
A maximum yield of 1.55% (by weight of wet sample) was obtained at the temperature of 353 K and the pressure of 20 MPa. The yield obtained by SC-CO2 method was over 13 times higher than that of the conventional cold-press method. Extracted essential oil was qualitatively analyzed using GC/MS, identifying 49 compounds including several non-polar and weakly polar hydrocarbons such as terpenoid, free fatty acid, and coumarin. Compared to the extracts obtained by the conventional methods, the extracts by SC-CO2 had lower content of monoterpenes and higher content of oxygenated compounds, sesquiterpenes, which strongly contribute to the aromatic characteristics of the extracts. Auraptene, a bioactive compound was also identified in the SC-CO2 extract.
Conclusions
Kabosu essential oil with a fresh natural fragrance was effectively extracted using SC-CO2 compared to the conventional extraction method. In addition, it was found that the extract contained higher content of aromatic components that characterize Kabosu. This work provides an important sequential method for the recovery of valuable compounds from citrus fruit waste using an environmentally friendly technique.
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Tomiyama K, Aoki H, Oikawa T, Sakurai K, Kasahara Y, Kawakami Y. Characteristic volatile components of Japanese sour citrus fruits: Yuzu, Sudachi and Kabosu. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.3104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Tomiyama
- Corporate Research & Development Division; Takasago International Corporation; 4-11, Nishiyawata 1-chome; Hiratsuka City; Kanagawa; Japan
| | - Hirokazu Aoki
- Corporate Research & Development Division; Takasago International Corporation; 4-11, Nishiyawata 1-chome; Hiratsuka City; Kanagawa; Japan
| | - Takeshi Oikawa
- Corporate Research & Development Division; Takasago International Corporation; 4-11, Nishiyawata 1-chome; Hiratsuka City; Kanagawa; Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Sakurai
- Corporate Research & Development Division; Takasago International Corporation; 4-11, Nishiyawata 1-chome; Hiratsuka City; Kanagawa; Japan
| | - Yoko Kasahara
- Corporate Research & Development Division; Takasago International Corporation; 4-11, Nishiyawata 1-chome; Hiratsuka City; Kanagawa; Japan
| | - Yukihiro Kawakami
- Corporate Research & Development Division; Takasago International Corporation; 4-11, Nishiyawata 1-chome; Hiratsuka City; Kanagawa; Japan
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Jiang MH, Yang L, Zhu L, Piao JH, Jiang JG. Comparative GC/MS Analysis of Essential Oils Extracted by 3 Methods from the Bud of Citrus aurantium L. var. amara Engl. J Food Sci 2011; 76:C1219-25. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02421.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Tomiyama K, Aoki H, Oikawa T, Sakurai K, Kasahara Y, Kawakami Y. Characteristic Volatile Components of Kabosu ( Citrus sphaerocarpa Hort. ex Tanaka). Nat Prod Commun 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1100600319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The volatile components of both peel and juice of Japanese citrus, Kabosu ( Citrus sphaerocarpa Hort. ex Tanaka) were investigated using SAFE (Solvent Assisted Flavor Evaporation) technique after solvent extraction. In this study, wine lactone, rose oxide, (2 E)-4,5-epoxy-2-decenal, mintsulfide, and indole were newly identified from Kabosu. AEDA (Aroma Extract Dilution Analysis) of the oxygenated fraction of the peel extract showed high FD (Flavor Dilution) factors for linalool, (2 E)-4,5-epoxy-2-decenal, octanal, (4 Z)-decenal, β-citronellol, geraniol, and wine lactone, while wine lactone, linalool, eugenol, geraniol, and (2 E)-4,5-epoxy-2-decenal from the juice extract. The enantiomeric distribution of linalool, cis-rose oxide, β-citronellol, and wine lactone were also determined using a multidimensional chiral GC/MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Tomiyama
- Corporate Research & Development Division, Takasago International Corporation 4-11, 1-chome, Nishi-yawata, Hiratsuka city, Kanagawa 254-0073, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Aoki
- Corporate Research & Development Division, Takasago International Corporation 4-11, 1-chome, Nishi-yawata, Hiratsuka city, Kanagawa 254-0073, Japan
| | - Takeshi Oikawa
- Corporate Research & Development Division, Takasago International Corporation 4-11, 1-chome, Nishi-yawata, Hiratsuka city, Kanagawa 254-0073, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Sakurai
- Corporate Research & Development Division, Takasago International Corporation 4-11, 1-chome, Nishi-yawata, Hiratsuka city, Kanagawa 254-0073, Japan
| | - Yoko Kasahara
- Corporate Research & Development Division, Takasago International Corporation 4-11, 1-chome, Nishi-yawata, Hiratsuka city, Kanagawa 254-0073, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Kawakami
- Corporate Research & Development Division, Takasago International Corporation 4-11, 1-chome, Nishi-yawata, Hiratsuka city, Kanagawa 254-0073, Japan
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Song HS, Sawamura M. Volatile Profile of the Peel Oil of ‘Setoka’ ([‘Kiyomi x Encore No.2’] x ‘Murcott’), A New Hybrid Sweet Citrus Fruit. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2010.9700342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Song HS, Phi NTL, Sawamura M. Volatile Profile of the Peel Oil of Kiyomi (Citrus unshiuMarcov. xC. sinensisOsbeck), A New Hybrid Sweet Citrus Fruit. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2009.9700099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Song HS. The Volatile Composition of Kiyomi Peel Oil (Citrus unshiu Marcov×C. sinensis Osbeck) Cultivated in Korea. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.3746/jfn.2008.13.4.290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Identification and characterization of volatile components of the Japanese sour citrus fruit Citrus nagato-yuzukichi Tanaka. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2008; 72:1965-8. [PMID: 18603776 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.80144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A total of 39 aroma compounds were detected in the essential oil of Citrus nagato-yuzukichi Tanaka (nagato-yuzukichi) by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The essential oil was characterized by a high percentage of monoterpene hydrocarbons (12 components, 90.52%). The composition pattern of essential oil in C. nagato-yuzukichi was fairly similar to that of Citrus sudachi Hort. ex Shirai (Sudachi). Principal component analysis (PCA) of data obtained with an electronic nose indicated a variation of each oil along PC1. The oils of Citrus junos Tanaka (Yuzu) and Citrus sphaerocarpa Tanaka (Kabosu) showed a clear upward displacement as compared with those of C. nagato-yuzukichi and C. sudachi. However, in PC2, the oils of C. nagato-yuzukichi and C. sudachi showed a displacement in a negative direction and a positive one respectively.
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Lota ML, de Rocca Serra D, Jacquemond C, Tomi F, Casanova J. Chemical variability of peel and leaf essential oils of sour orange. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1099-1026(200103/04)16:2<89::aid-ffj950>3.0.co;2-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Song HS, Sawamura M, Ito T, Kawashimo K, Ukeda H. Quantitative determination and characteristic flavour ofCitrus junos (yuzu) peel oil. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1099-1026(200007/08)15:4<245::aid-ffj904>3.0.co;2-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Mitiku S, Sawamura M, Itoh T, Ukeda H. Volatile components of peel cold-pressed oils of two cultivars of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) from Ethiopia. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1099-1026(200007/08)15:4<240::aid-ffj902>3.0.co;2-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Song HS, Sawamura M, Ito T, Ido A, Ukeda H. Quantitative determination and characteristic flavour of daidai (Citrus aurantium L. var.cyathifera Y. Tanaka) peel oil. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1099-1026(200009/10)15:5<323::aid-ffj918>3.0.co;2-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Njoroge SM, Ukeda H, Kusunose H, Sawamura M. Japanese sourCitrus fruits. Part III. volatile constituents of sudachi and mochiyuzu oils. FLAVOUR FRAG J 1995. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.2730100602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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