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Drioiche A, Baammi S, Zibouh K, Al Kamaly O, Alnakhli AM, Remok F, Saidi S, Amaiach R, El Makhoukhi F, Elomri A, Zair T. A Study of the Synergistic Effects of Essential Oils from Origanum compactum and Origanum elongatum with Commercial Antibiotics against Highly Prioritized Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria for the World Health Organization. Metabolites 2024; 14:210. [PMID: 38668338 PMCID: PMC11051742 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14040210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The irrational use of antibiotics has favored the emergence of resistant bacteria, posing a serious threat to global health. To counteract antibiotic resistance, this research seeks to identify novel antimicrobials derived from essential oils that operate through several mechanisms. It aims to evaluate the quality and composition of essential oils from Origanum compactum and Origanum elongatum; test their antimicrobial activity against various strains; explore their synergies with commercial antibiotics; predict the efficacy, toxicity, and stability of compounds; and understand their molecular interactions through docking and dynamic simulations. The essential oils were extracted via hydrodistillation from the flowering tops of oregano in the Middle Atlas Mountains in Morocco. Gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to examine their composition. Nine common antibiotics were chosen and tested alone or in combination with essential oils to discover synergistic effects against clinically important and resistant bacterial strains. A comprehensive in silico study was conducted, involving molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations (MD). O. elongatum oil includes borneol (8.58%), p-cymene (42.56%), thymol (28.43%), and carvacrol (30.89%), whereas O. compactum oil is mostly composed of γ-terpinene (22.89%), p-cymene (15.84%), thymol (10.21%), and (E)-caryophyllene (3.63%). With O. compactum proving to be the most potent, these essential oils showed antibacterial action against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Certain antibiotics, including ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, amoxicillin, and ampicillin, have been shown to elicit synergistic effects. To fight resistant bacteria, the essential oils of O. compactum and O. elongatum, particularly those high in thymol and (E)-caryophyllene, seem promising when combined with antibiotics. These synergistic effects could result from their ability to target the same bacterial proteins or facilitate access to target sites, as suggested by molecular docking simulations. Molecular dynamics simulations validated the stability of the examined protein-ligand complexes, emphasizing the propensity of substances like thymol and (E)-caryophyllene for particular target proteins, opening the door to potentially effective new therapeutic approaches against pathogens resistant to multiple drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Drioiche
- Research Team of Chemistry of Bioactive Molecules and the Environment, Laboratory of Innovative Materials and Biotechnology of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University, B.P. 11201, Zitoune, Meknes 50070, Morocco; (K.Z.); (F.R.); (S.S.); (F.E.M.)
- Medical Microbiology Laboratory, Mohamed V. Hospital, Meknes 50000, Morocco
| | - Soukayna Baammi
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, College of Computing, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco;
| | - Khalid Zibouh
- Research Team of Chemistry of Bioactive Molecules and the Environment, Laboratory of Innovative Materials and Biotechnology of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University, B.P. 11201, Zitoune, Meknes 50070, Morocco; (K.Z.); (F.R.); (S.S.); (F.E.M.)
| | - Omkulthom Al Kamaly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (O.A.K.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Anwar M. Alnakhli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (O.A.K.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Firdaous Remok
- Research Team of Chemistry of Bioactive Molecules and the Environment, Laboratory of Innovative Materials and Biotechnology of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University, B.P. 11201, Zitoune, Meknes 50070, Morocco; (K.Z.); (F.R.); (S.S.); (F.E.M.)
| | - Soukaina Saidi
- Research Team of Chemistry of Bioactive Molecules and the Environment, Laboratory of Innovative Materials and Biotechnology of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University, B.P. 11201, Zitoune, Meknes 50070, Morocco; (K.Z.); (F.R.); (S.S.); (F.E.M.)
| | - Rachid Amaiach
- Laboratory of Materials, Processes, Catalysis and Environment, School of Technology, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez 30000, Morocco;
| | - Fadoua El Makhoukhi
- Research Team of Chemistry of Bioactive Molecules and the Environment, Laboratory of Innovative Materials and Biotechnology of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University, B.P. 11201, Zitoune, Meknes 50070, Morocco; (K.Z.); (F.R.); (S.S.); (F.E.M.)
| | - Abdelhakim Elomri
- UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), Normandie University, 76000 Rouen, France;
| | - Touriya Zair
- Research Team of Chemistry of Bioactive Molecules and the Environment, Laboratory of Innovative Materials and Biotechnology of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University, B.P. 11201, Zitoune, Meknes 50070, Morocco; (K.Z.); (F.R.); (S.S.); (F.E.M.)
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Ez-Zriouli R, ElYacoubi H, Imtara H, Mesfioui A, ElHessni A, Al Kamaly O, Zuhair Alshawwa S, Nasr FA, Benziane Ouaritini Z, Rochdi A. Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities and Acute Toxicity of Cedrus atlantica, Chenopodium ambrosioides and Eucalyptus camaldulensis Essential Oils. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28072974. [PMID: 37049738 PMCID: PMC10096409 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28072974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The essential oils yield of Cedrus atlantica, Chenopodium ambrosioides and Eucalyptus camaldulensis was different. C. ambrosioides gave a relatively higher yield (2.1 ± 0.1%), while that of C. atlantica was low (1.0 ± 0.1%) and that of E. camaldulensis was lower (0.75 ± 0.1% of dry matter). The active ingredients of the essential oils and some of their biological effects were also determined. The characterization of their chemical compositions showed that the three essences have different chemical profiles: C. atlantica was richer in sesquiterpenes (β-Himachalene (54.21%) and γ -Himachalene (15.54%)), C. ambrosioides was very rich in monoterpene peroxides and monoterpenes (α-Terpinene (53.4%), ascaridole (17.7%) and ρ-Cymene (12.1%)) and E. camaldulensis was very rich in monoterpene compounds and monoterpenols (p-cymene (35.11%), γ-Eudesmol (11.9%), L-linalool (11.51%) and piperitone (10.28%)). The in vitro measurement of antioxidant activity by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) reduction assay showed a significant performance of the eucalyptus oil and average performance of the other two (C. atlantica and C. ambrosioides). The in vitro bio-test for their antimicrobial effects showed that the antibacterial activity differed depending on the essential oil and the concentration used, and that their bactericidal efficacy was similar or superior to that of synthetic antibiotics. The toxicity test on rats revealed that the LD50 of the three essential oils was 500 mg/kg body weight, which classifies them as category four cytotoxic natural products at high doses.
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Direct and Indirect Effects of Essential Oils for Sustainable Crop Protection. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11162144. [PMID: 36015446 PMCID: PMC9416161 DOI: 10.3390/plants11162144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Plant essential oils (EOs) are gaining interest as biopesticides for crop protection. EOs have been recognized as important ingredients of plant protection products including insecticidal, acaricidal, fungicidal, and nematicidal agents. Considering the growing importance of EOs as active ingredients, the domestication and cultivation of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (MAPs) to produce chemically stable EOs contributes to species conservation, provides the sustainability of production, and decreases the variations in the active ingredients. In addition to these direct effects on plant pests and diseases, EOs can induce plant defenses (priming effects) resulting in better protection. This aspect is of relevance considering that the EU framework aims to achieve the sustainable use of new plant protection products (PPPs), and since 2020, the use of contaminant PPPs has been prohibited. In this paper, we review the most updated information on the direct plant protection effects of EOs, focusing on their modes of action against insects, fungi, and nematodes, as well as the information available on EOs with plant defense priming effects.
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Ez-Zriouli R, El Yacoubi H, Imtara H, El-Hessni A, Mesfioui A, Tarayrah M, Mothana RA, Noman OM, Mouhsine F, Rochdi A. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils from Mentha pulegium and Rosmarinus officinalis against multidrug-resistant microbes and their acute toxicity study. OPEN CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2022-0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
This article aimed to study the antimicrobial activity, chemical composition, and acute oral toxicity of essential oils (EOs) of Mentha pulegium and Rosmarinus officinalis, two aromatic and medicinal plants widely used in the traditional Moroccan pharmacopeia. The average content of EOs was 3.2 and 2.5% for M. pulegium and R. officinalis, respectively. The chemical characterization showed a richness in some compounds identified by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS): R(+)-Pulegone (45.48%), Menthone (14.2%), Piperitone (8.15%), and Isomenthone (7.18%) in M. pulegium and 1,8-Cineole (46.32%), Camphene (13.4%), and α-Pinene (9.52%) in R. officinalis. These metabolites showed a significant antimicrobial effect against the tested strains (bacteria and yeasts isolated from the hospital environment) compared to synthetic antibiotics that seem to be ineffective against resistant microorganisms. Based on lethal concentration LD50 >5,000 mg/kg (body weight), the oil was found to be marginally safe according to OECD guidelines and can be further explored (bio-product with low risk).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabab Ez-Zriouli
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Natural Resources & Sustainable Development, Research Unit of Eco-Physiology, Phyto-Biotechnology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University , Kenitra 14000 , Morocco
| | - Houda El Yacoubi
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Natural Resources & Sustainable Development, Research Unit of Eco-Physiology, Phyto-Biotechnology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University , Kenitra 14000 , Morocco
| | - Hamada Imtara
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Arab American University Palestine , P.O. Box 240 , Jenin 44862 , Palestine
| | - Aboubaker El-Hessni
- Department of Biology, Biology and Health Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University , Kenitra 14000 , Morocco
| | - Abdelhalim Mesfioui
- Department of Biology, Biology and Health Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University , Kenitra 14000 , Morocco
| | - Mahmoud Tarayrah
- Groupe Hospitalier Cochin-Port Royal, Faculty of Medicine, Institut Cochin, Paris University, CNRS, IN-SERM , 75000 Paris , France
| | - Ramzi A. Mothana
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh 11451 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Mohammed Noman
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh 11451 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatine Mouhsine
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Natural Resources & Sustainable Development, Research Unit of Eco-Physiology, Phyto-Biotechnology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University , Kenitra 14000 , Morocco
| | - Atmane Rochdi
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Natural Resources & Sustainable Development, Research Unit of Eco-Physiology, Phyto-Biotechnology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University , Kenitra 14000 , Morocco
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BELMEHDİ O, BOUYAHYA A, JEKŐ J, CZİÁKY Z, ZENGİN G, SOTKÓ G, EL BAABOUA A, SENHAJİ NS, ABRİNİ J. Synergistic interaction between propolis extract, essential oils, and antibiotics against Staphylococcus epidermidis and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SECONDARY METABOLITE 2021. [DOI: 10.21448/ijsm.947033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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