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Li H, Li J, Zhang Y, Zhao C, Ge J, Sun Y, Fu H, Li Y. The therapeutic effect of traditional Chinese medicine on breast cancer through modulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1401979. [PMID: 38783943 PMCID: PMC11111876 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1401979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer, the most prevalent malignant tumor among women globally, is significantly influenced by the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which plays a crucial role in its initiation and progression. While conventional chemotherapy, the standard clinical treatment, suffers from significant drawbacks like severe side effects, high toxicity, and limited prognostic efficacy, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) provides a promising alternative. TCM employs a multi-targeted therapeutic approach, which results in fewer side effects and offers a high potential for effective treatment. This paper presents a detailed analysis of the therapeutic impacts of TCM on various subtypes of breast cancer, focusing on its interaction with the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Additionally, it explores the effectiveness of both monomeric and compound forms of TCM in the management of breast cancer. We also discuss the potential of establishing biomarkers for breast cancer treatment based on key proteins within the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Our aim is to offer new insights into the prevention and treatment of breast cancer and to contribute to the standardization of TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkun Li
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiawei Li
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhao
- Experimental Teaching and Practical Training Center, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Jun Ge
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yujiao Sun
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Fu
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingpeng Li
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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2
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Chen L, Yu W, Tang H, Zhang S, Wang J, Ouyang Q, Guo M, Zhu X, Huang Z, Chen J. Cyclometalated ruthenium complexes overcome cisplatin resistance through PI3K/mTOR/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Metallomics 2024; 16:mfae002. [PMID: 38183290 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfae002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Currently, cisplatin resistance remains a primary clinical obstacle in the successful treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Here, we designed, synthesized, and characterized two novel cyclometalated Ru(II) complexes, [Ru(bpy)2(1-Ph-7-OCH3-IQ)] (PF6) (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, IQ = isoquinoline, RuIQ7)and [Ru(bpy)2(1-Ph-6,7-(OCH3)2-IQ)] (PF6) (RuIQ8). As experimental controls, we prepared complex [Ru(bpy)2(1-Ph-IQ)](PF6) (RuIQ6) lacking a methoxy group in the main ligand. Significantly, complexes RuIQ6-8 displayed higher in vitro cytotoxicity when compared to ligands, precursor cis-[Ru(bpy)2Cl2], and clinical cisplatin. Mechanistic investigations revealed that RuIQ6-8 could inhibit cell proliferation by downregulating the phosphorylation levels of Akt and mTOR proteins, consequently affecting the rapid growth of human lung adenocarcinoma cisplatin-resistant cells A549/DDP. Moreover, the results from qRT-PCR demonstrated that these complexes could directly suppress the transcription of the NF-E2-related factor 2 gene, leading to the inhibition of downstream multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 expression and effectively overcoming cisplatin resistance. Furthermore, the relationship between the chemical structures of these three complexes and their anticancer activity, ability to induce cell apoptosis, and their efficacy in overcoming cisplatin resistance has been thoroughly examined and discussed. Notably, the toxicity test conducted on zebrafish embryos indicated that the three Ru-IQ complexes displayed favorable safety profiles. Consequently, the potential of these developed compounds as innovative therapeutic agents for the efficient and low-toxic treatment of NSCLC appears highly promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanmei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Computer-Aided Drug Design of Dongguan City, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P. R. China
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P. R. China
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P. R. China
| | - Wenzhu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Computer-Aided Drug Design of Dongguan City, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P. R. China
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P. R. China
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P. R. China
| | - Hong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Computer-Aided Drug Design of Dongguan City, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P. R. China
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P. R. China
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P. R. China
| | - Shenting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Computer-Aided Drug Design of Dongguan City, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P. R. China
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P. R. China
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P. R. China
| | - Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Computer-Aided Drug Design of Dongguan City, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Ouyang
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P. R. China
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P. R. China
| | - Miao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Computer-Aided Drug Design of Dongguan City, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P. R. China
| | - Xufeng Zhu
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P. R. China
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P. R. China
| | - Zunnan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Computer-Aided Drug Design of Dongguan City, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P. R. China
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P. R. China
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P. R. China
| | - Jincan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Computer-Aided Drug Design of Dongguan City, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P. R. China
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P. R. China
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P. R. China
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3
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Wang L, Xu Y, Gao C. Underlying anti-cancer mechanisms of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2024; 27:775-779. [PMID: 38645502 PMCID: PMC11024407 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2024.76157.16478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Objectives Breast cancer is an important women's malignancy with high cancer-related deaths worldwide. Drug resistance lowers the treatment efficacy in this malignancy. This study aimed to explore the underlying mechanisms of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) to overcome resistance to tamoxifen in breast cancer cells. Materials and Methods Tamoxifen-resistance in MCF-7 breast cancer cells was simulated. MTT assay was used to detect the cytotoxic effects of HDAC inhibitor and PI3K inhibitor on the cancer cells. Trans-well assay was applied to evaluate the invasion and migration of the treated cancer cells. Flow cytometer assay was also applied to evaluate cell cycle phases in the treated cancer cells. Finally, expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), E-cadherin, Vimentin, phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol kinase (p-PI3k), phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-AKT), and phosphorylated mammalian target protein of rapamycin (p-mTOR) was evaluated by western blotting. Results The obtained results indicated that HDAC inhibitor treatments significantly decreased viability, migration, and invasion in the cancer cells. Furthermore, the frequency of the treated cancer cells significantly increased in the S phase as well as significantly decreasing in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. Moreover, HDAC inhibitor modified levels of VEGF, E-cadherin, Vimentin, p-PI3k, p-AKT, and p-mTOR proteins. However, HDAC inhibitor combined with PI3K inhibitor exerts more profound effects on the cancer cells as compared to HDAC inhibitor monotherapy. Conclusion HDAC inhibitors inhibited the survival of breast cancer drug-resistant cells, invasion, migration, and angiogenesis by inhibiting the PI3k/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Baoding First Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Yukai Xu
- Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei, China
| | - Chunhui Gao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Baoding First Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China
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Riazi-Tabrizi N, Khalaj-Kondori M, Safaei S, Amini M, Hassanian H, Maghsoudi M, Hasani S, Baradaran B. NRF2 Suppression Enhances the Susceptibility of Pancreatic Cancer Cells, Miapaca-2 to Paclitaxel. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00872-2. [PMID: 37740817 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00872-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most deadly diseases, with a very high metastasis and low survival rate. High levels of NRF2 have been detected in numerous malignancies, including head, neck, lung, and colon cancers, promoting the expansion and survival of cancer cells and chemical resistance to stressful conditions and affecting the response to treatment. To evaluate the possibility that modulation of NRF2 expression could be effective in treating pancreatic cancer cells, we explored the effect of knockdown of the NRF2 gene by NRF2-specific siRNA and its influence in combination with paclitaxel on pancreatic cancer cells. Miapaca-2 cell line, due to the high expression of the NRF2 gene, was selected for this study. Then, Miapaca-2 cells in different groups were treated with NRF2 siRNA and paclitaxel separately and in combination. After that, cell viability was measured by MTT assay and apoptosis induction by Annexin V-FITC/PI staining test. Cell cycle and autophagy were examined by flow cytometry, and cell migration was assessed by wound-healing assay. Finally, the expression of genes involved in apoptosis, Bax, Caspase-3, Caspase-9, and genes related to migration pathway, MMP-2, and MMP-9 in different groups were measured using qRT-PCR. Combined use of NRF2-specific siRNA with paclitaxel significantly reduced NRF2 gene expression in pancreatic cancer cells. NRF2 siRNA transfection significantly reduced cell viability. In addition, paclitaxel combination therapy with NRF2 siRNA strengthens the anti-tumor effects, such as inhibiting cell migration and provoking apoptosis, and autophagy and the cell cycle arrest in the G2 phase. NRF2 suppression augmented the expression of Bax, Caspase-3, and Caspase-9 genes and lowered the expression of Bcl-2, MMP-2, and MMP-9 genes, which play crucial roles in the pathways of apoptosis and cell migration, respectively. NRF2 siRNA enhances the susceptibility of Miapaca-2 cells to paclitaxel in pancreatic cancer cells. Thereby, suppressing NRF2 in combination with paclitaxel can be a new and efficacious treatment approach in treating pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Riazi-Tabrizi
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khalaj-Kondori
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Sahar Safaei
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amini
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Hassanian
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Maghsoudi
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shima Hasani
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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5
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Yu Y, Hao J, Wang L, Zheng X, Xie C, Liu H, Wu J, Qiao S, Shi J. Astragaloside IV antagonizes the malignant progression of breast cancer induced by macrophage M2 polarization through the TGF-β-regulated Akt/Foxo1 pathway. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 249:154766. [PMID: 37633006 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Astragaloside IV (AS‑IV) was used for breast cancer (BC) treatment in China from ancient times; however, the mechanism of the prevention effect of AS-IV on BC remains not entirely clear. METHODS qRT-PCR, western blot and flow cytometry were employed to validate the expression of gene and protein expressions. CCK-8 assay, scratch assay, and transwell assay were used to assess the BC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Co-culture of conditional medium from macrophages and BC were performed. RESULTS AS-IV suppressed macrophage polarized to M2 phenotype and thereby inhibited M2 macrophage-induced BC progression. The inhibitory effect of AS-IV on M2 macrophage polarization was exerted via the deactivation of the Akt/Foxo1 signaling pathway in macrophages by suppressing TGF-β. The addition of TGF-β or the treatment with Akt activator SC79 reversed the regulatory effect of AS-IV on M2 macrophage polarization, which increased M2 macrophage polarization-induced BC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. CONCLUSION This present study revealed a new mechanism of AS-IV inhibited M2 macrophage polarization-induced BC progression and may provide a potential target for the treatment of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqin Yu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College of Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Jinqi Hao
- Baotou Medical College of Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Lu Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College of Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Xiaojiao Zheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College of Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Caixia Xie
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College of Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Hailiang Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College of Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Jiao Wu
- Baotou Medical College of Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Shu Qiao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College of Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, China.
| | - Jihai Shi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College of Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, China.
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6
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Wang Y, Zhang Z, Cheng Z, Xie W, Qin H, Sheng J. Astragaloside in cancer chemoprevention and therapy. Chin Med J (Engl) 2023; 136:1144-1154. [PMID: 37075760 PMCID: PMC10278710 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Tumor chemoprevention and treatment are two approaches aimed at improving the survival of patients with cancers. An ideal anti-tumor drug is that which not only kills tumor cells but also alleviates tumor-causing risk factors, such as precancerous lesions, and prevents tumor recurrence. Chinese herbal monomers are considered to be ideal treatment agents due to their multi-target effects. Astragaloside has been shown to possess tumor chemoprevention, direct anti-tumor, and chemotherapeutic drug sensitization effects. In this paper, we review the effects of astragaloside on tumor prevention and treatment and provide directions for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaning Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 13033, China
| | - Zhaohua Cheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China
| | - Hanjiao Qin
- Department of Radiotherapy, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China
| | - Jiyao Sheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China
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7
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Song YC, Lee DY, Yeh PY. A Novel Chinese Herbal and Corresponding Chemical Formula for Cancer Treatment by Targeting Tumor Maintenance, Progression, and Metastasis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:907826. [PMID: 35721174 PMCID: PMC9204638 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.907826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We characterized a so-called "heirloom recipe" Chinese herbal formula (temporarily named Formula X) that contains five Chinese medical botanical drugs, Huang-Lian (Coptis chinensis Franch. [Ranunculaceae]), Huang-Qin (Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi [Lamiaceae]), Bai-Wei (Vincetoxicum atratum (Bunge) C. Morren and Decne. [Apocynaceae]), E-Zhu (Curcuma aromatica Salisb. [Zingiberaceae]) and Bai-Zhu (Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. [Asteraceae]). Formula X inhibited the growth of various cancer cells and decreased the expression levels of a panel of proteins, including CD133, Myc, PD-L1, and Slug, in cancer cells. We further found that the inhibition of growth and protein expression were exerted by Huang-Lian, Huang-Qin, and Bai-Wei (formula HHB), which exhibited the same biological effects as those of Formula X. Furthermore, we selected three active chemicals, berberine, baicalin, and saponin from Huang-Lian, Huang-Qin, and Bai-Wei, respectively, to produce a chemical formulation (formula BBS), which exhibited similar effects on cell growth and protein expression as those induced by formula HHB. Both the formulae HHB and BBS suppressed tumor growth in an animal study. Moreover, they decreased the protein levels of Myc and PD-L1 in tumor cells in vivo. In summary, we established a novel Chinese herbal formula and a chemical formula that targeted three important processes, tumor maintenance (tumor stem cells), progression, and metastasis, and that influenced the response of tumors to host immunosuppression, for the potentially effective treatment of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chyi Song
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Der-Yen Lee
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yen Yeh
- TCM division, Jin-Mi company, Taipei, Taiwan
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8
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Liu G, Zeng T. Sporoderm-Removed Ganoderma lucidum Spore Powder May Suppress the Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells Through PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Erk Pathway. Integr Cancer Ther 2021; 20:15347354211062157. [PMID: 34841952 PMCID: PMC8649442 DOI: 10.1177/15347354211062157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor metastasis is a key factor of therapeutic failure in tumor patients, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains to be explored and novel effective curative strategies are urgently required. Emerging evidence suggests that sporoderm-removed Ganoderma lucidum spore powder can suppress tumor growth and metastasis. However, the molecular mechanisms of action remain elusive. In the present study, we investigated the effects and mechanisms of sporoderm-removed Ganoderma lucidum spore powder against esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC). The expression of MCP-1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells was detected by Western blotting. The MTS assay was used to assess the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells viability. The clone formation assay was used to evaluate to the proliferation ability of KYSE140 and KYSE510 cells. Apoptosis and the cell cycle were analyzed by flow cytometry. Wound healing and Transwell assays were used to analyze the migration of KYSE140 and KYSE510 cells. Invasion was also analyzed by the Transwell assay. The expressions of PI3K, AKT/p-AKT, Erk/p-Erk, JNK1, and mTOR were detected by Western blotting. We found that the MCP-1 protein was highly expressed in KYSE140 and KYSE510. In addition, sporoderm-removed Ganoderma lucidum spore powder treatment was found to inhibit esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell proliferation, to block the cell cycle, to induce cell apoptosis and to inhibit cell migration and invasion. Finally, we found that sporoderm-removed Ganoderma lucidum spore powder decreased the expression of PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Erk signaling pathways. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that sporoderm-removed Ganoderma lucidum spore powder suppresses esophageal squamous cell carcinomas by involving MCP-1, regulated by PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Erk signal pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiping Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zeng
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, P.R. China
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9
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Feng M, Wang H, Zhu Z, Yao B, Li Y, Xue J, Cao S, Shao X, Xu Y, Sohn KC, Shin IH, Yao C. Sanhuang Decoction Controls Tumor Microenvironment by Ameliorating Chronic Stress in Breast Cancer: A Report of Ninety Cases. Front Oncol 2021; 11:677939. [PMID: 34485118 PMCID: PMC8416106 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.677939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term endocrine treatment which results in estrogen deprivation causes chronic stress associated with a series of uncomfortable symptoms leading not only to a decrease in quality of life but also to cancer recurrence, which may be mediated primarily through the enhanced expression of angiogenic factors, as well as a series of inflammatory microenvironmental changes that favor tumor progression. In this study, we designed a clinical trial and aimed to explore the effects of Sanhuang Decoction (SHD) treatment on chronic stress, inflammatory factors, and breast cancer recovery. A total of 90 patients with breast cancer who met the inclusion/exclusion criteria were randomly allocated to a treatment or control group. The treatment group received the standard endocrine treatment and the traditional Chinese medicine decoction known as SHD. The control group received the standard endocrine treatment only. The treatment period was 6 months. The modified Kupperman Menopausal Index, the self-rating anxiety scale, and the self-rating depression scale were evaluated once per month. The body microenvironment plasma indices related to chronic stress, such as oxidative and antioxidative stress markers, inflammatory factors, hemorheology, coagulation, lipid and D-dimer, immunologic functions, tumor biomarkers, and angiogenic factors of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were measured before and after 6 months of treatment. After treatment for 5 months, the scores in the treatment group decreased to nearly normal levels and the control group showed no significant improvement. After treatment for 6 months, all indices related to the body microenvironment, as well as the tumor biomarkers and carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen 153, and angiogenic factor VEGF levels improved significantly to normal levels in the treatment group. Our primary research showed that treatment with SHD effectively improved the quality of life of breast cancer patients by facilitating a change in the body microenvironment that controlled tumor growth and prevented drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Feng
- The First Clinical college, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Department of Breast Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Huanhuan Wang
- The First Clinical college, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Department of Breast Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhu
- The First Clinical college, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Department of Breast Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Bowen Yao
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yongfei Li
- Department of Breast Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingxian Xue
- Department of Breast Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Sihan Cao
- The First Clinical college, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Department of Breast Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyi Shao
- The First Clinical college, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Department of Breast Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanlei Xu
- Department of Breast Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ki Cheul Sohn
- School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Im Hee Shin
- School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Chang Yao
- Department of Breast Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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10
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Balakrishnan B, Liang Q, Fenix K, Tamang B, Hauben E, Ma L, Zhang W. Combining the Anticancer and Immunomodulatory Effects of Astragalus and Shiitake as an Integrated Therapeutic Approach. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082564. [PMID: 34444724 PMCID: PMC8401741 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Astragalus root (Huang Qi) and Shiitake mushrooms (Lentinus edodes) are both considered medicinal foods and are frequently used in traditional Chinese medicine due to their anticancer and immunomodulating properties. Here, the scientific literatures describing evidence for the anticancer and immunogenic properties of Shiitake and Astragalus were reviewed. Based on our experimental data, the potential to develop medicinal food with combined bioactivities was assessed using Shiitake mushrooms grown over Astragalus beds in a proprietary manufacturing process, as a novel cancer prevention approach. Notably, our data suggest that this new manufacturing process can result in transfer and increased bioavailability of Astragalus polysaccharides with therapeutic potential into edible Shiitake. Further research efforts are required to validate the therapeutic potential of this new Hengshan Astragalus Shiitake medicinal food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biju Balakrishnan
- Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, College of Medicine & Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia; (B.B.); (Q.L.); (B.T.)
- The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Adelaide, SA 5011, Australia;
| | - Qi Liang
- Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, College of Medicine & Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia; (B.B.); (Q.L.); (B.T.)
- Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan 030600, China
| | - Kevin Fenix
- The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Adelaide, SA 5011, Australia;
- Discipline of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Bunu Tamang
- Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, College of Medicine & Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia; (B.B.); (Q.L.); (B.T.)
| | - Ehud Hauben
- The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Adelaide, SA 5011, Australia;
- Discipline of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- AusHealth Corporate Pty Ltd., Adelaide, SA 5032, Australia
- Correspondence: (E.H.); (L.M.); (W.Z.); Tel.: +61-88132-7450 (E.H.); +61-7-3735-4175 (L.M.); +61-8-7221-8557 (W.Z.)
| | - Linlin Ma
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
- Correspondence: (E.H.); (L.M.); (W.Z.); Tel.: +61-88132-7450 (E.H.); +61-7-3735-4175 (L.M.); +61-8-7221-8557 (W.Z.)
| | - Wei Zhang
- Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, College of Medicine & Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia; (B.B.); (Q.L.); (B.T.)
- Correspondence: (E.H.); (L.M.); (W.Z.); Tel.: +61-88132-7450 (E.H.); +61-7-3735-4175 (L.M.); +61-8-7221-8557 (W.Z.)
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Yu J, Yang Y, Li S, Meng P. Salinomycin triggers prostate cancer cell apoptosis by inducing oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress via suppressing Nrf2 signaling. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:946. [PMID: 34306210 PMCID: PMC8281384 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Salinomycin is a polyether antiprotozoal antibiotic that is widely used as an animal food additive. Some antifungal, antiparasitic, antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities have been reported for salinomycin. Recently, the anti-cancer effect of salinomycin has been demonstrated in breast cancer; however, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the functional roles of salinomycin in the progression of prostate cancer cells using the DU145 and PC-3 cell lines. Western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction were performed to detect the expression of oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress-related molecules, and flow cytometry was performed to detect the apoptosis rate of DU145 and PC-3 cells after salinomycin treatment. The results demonstrated that salinomycin inhibited the viability and induced the apoptosis of PC-3 and DU145 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, salinomycin increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) and the lipid peroxidation. In addition, salinomycin induced the activation of unfolded protein response and endoplasmic reticulum stress in DU145 and PC-3 cells, as indicated by the elevated expression of binding immunoglobulin protein, activating transcription factor 4, phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 2α, phosphorylated protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase and C/EBP homologous protein. In addition, salinomycin significantly downregulated the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1, NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 and glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit and decreased the activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in PC-3 and DU145 cells. Furthermore, the Nrf2 activator, tert-butylhydroquinone, significantly reversed the therapeutic effects of salinomycin by stimulating the Nrf2 pathway and increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that salinomycin may trigger apoptosis by inducing oxidative and ER stress in prostate cancer cells via suppressing Nrf2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyong Yu
- Department of Urology, Yantai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai, Shandong 264001, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Urology, Haiyang People's Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264001, P.R. China
| | - Shan Li
- The Fourth Department of Oncology, Yantai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai, Shandong 264001, P.R. China
| | - Peng Meng
- The Fourth Department of Oncology, Yantai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai, Shandong 264001, P.R. China
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Wang Z, Li Z, Xu H, Liao Y, Sun C, Chen Y, Sheng M, Lan Q, Wang Z. PSMD12 promotes glioma progression by upregulating the expression of Nrf2. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:700. [PMID: 33987398 PMCID: PMC8106014 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-1481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Background Glioma is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults. Proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 12 (PSMD12), an important subunit in the 26S proteasome, is known to be involved in the growth and apoptosis of breast cancer cells. However, its exact function and underlying molecular mechanisms in glioma remain unknown. Methods PSMD12 expression was detected in glioma tissue specimens by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and TCGA database. Overexpression and down-regulation of PSMD12 and Nrf2 were induced in glioma cell lines, and CCK-8 and Transwell assays were used to detect cell proliferation and invasion evaluation, respectively. Xenograft model was used to observe the effect of knockdown of PSMD12 on tumor growth. Immunohistochemical assays and TCGA database were conducted to reveal the relationships between PSMD12 expression and Nrf2. Finally, Western blot and related biological function experiments were used to explore the mechanism of PSMD12 regulating the glioma progression and Nrf2. Results We revealed that PSMD12 is upregulated in glioma, especially in high-grade glioma, by analyzing bioinformatics data and clinical specimens. PSMD12 upregulation was associated with poor prognosis in glioma patients. Knockdown of PSMD12 inhibited the growth of glioma cells in vitro and in vivo and decreased their invasion ability, whereas PSMD12 overexpression had the opposite effect. Mechanistic analysis revealed that PSMD12 increased the expression of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which functions as a tumor promoter in the development of glioma. Similar to PSMD12, Nrf2, which exhibited a strong positive correlation with PSMD12, was abnormally elevated in glioma tissues and contributed to worse overall survival (OS). Nrf2 overexpression reversed the inhibitory effects induced by PSMD12 knockdown. Finally, PSMD12 enhanced the proliferation and invasion of glioma cells via Akt signaling-mediated Nrf2 expression. Conclusions These results suggest that PSMD12 is considered to be a crucial regulator of the development and progression of glioma and may serve as a potential biomarker or therapeutic target for the treatment of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhiyu Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yun Liao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chao Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yanming Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Minfeng Sheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qing Lan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Wei J, Zhang X, Pan H, He S, Yuan B, Liu Q, Zhang J, Ding Y. Eupafolin inhibits breast cancer cell proliferation and induces apoptosis by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:332. [PMID: 33692864 PMCID: PMC7933747 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Eupafolin is a flavonoid extracted from common sage. Previous studies have reported that Eupafolin has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor effects. However, its role in breast cancer remains unclear. The present study investigated the effects and underlying mechanism of action of Eupafolin using breast cancer cell lines. The effects of Eupafolin on breast cancer cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis and the cell cycle were determined. Cell viability and Transwell assays, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, flow cytometry and western blot analysis were used in this study. The data showed that the proliferation, migration and invasion ability of EO771 cells treated with Eupafolin was significantly decreased, and the apoptosis rate was increased compared with that of the control. The protein levels of Bax and cleaved caspase 3 increased, whereas that of Bcl-2 decreased. In addition, Eupafolin treatment also caused the proliferation of breast cancer cells to be arrested at the G0/G1 phase. Furthermore, results from western blotting indicated that Eupafolin treatment decreased the protein levels of p-PI3K, p-Akt and p-mTOR. Taken together, the present findings demonstrate that Eupafolin has a significant inhibitory effect on the proliferation of EO771 cells, inhibits cell migration and invasion, and promotes cell apoptosis, thereby causing G0/G1 phase arrest, at least partially through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Therefore, the findings provide novel insights regarding the use of Eupafolin for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Wei
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, P.R. China
| | - Xuefeng Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, P.R. China
| | - Huihao Pan
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, P.R. China
| | - Song He
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, P.R. China
| | - Bao Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, P.R. China
| | - Qing Liu
- The Second Clinical School of Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine-Zhuhai Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Jiabao Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, P.R. China
| | - Yu Ding
- Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, P.R. China
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Wu Y, Xiao W, Pei C, Wang M, Wang X, Huang D, Wang F, Wang Z. Astragaloside IV alleviates PM2.5-induced lung injury in rats by modulating TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signalling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 91:107290. [PMID: 33383446 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Astragaloside IV (AS IV) is antioxidant and anti-inflammatory product, which is extracted from the Chinese herb Astragalus membranaceus. It is widely used in a variety of inflammatory diseases. The research was to explored the protective effects of AS IV against lung injury induced by particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) in vivo. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Thirty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups (n=7 per group). (1) Normal saline group (NS), (2) AS IV group (AS) (100 mg/kg), (3) PM2.5 group (PM2.5), (4) PM2.5 + AS IV group (ASL) (50 mg/kg), and (5) PM2.5 + AS IVgroup (ASH) (100 mg/kg). Rats were pre-treated with AS IV intraperitoneally (50 and 100 mg/kg/day) for three days. Then, PM2.5 (7.5 mg/kg) was given by intratracheal instillation to induce lung injury. Six hours after PM2.5 stimulation, the rats were euthanized. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected for assay of cytokines. Lung tissue was collected for oxidative stress, histology, immunohistochemistry, transmission electron microscope, and western blot analyses. RESULTS AS IV alleviated PM2.5-induced lung injury by decreasing lung dry-wet ratio, reducing the level of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP) in BALF, and reduced oxidative stress response in lung tissue. Western blot results revealed that AS-IV regulated the expression of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway proteins in lung tissues. CONCLUSION AS IV mitigated PM2.5 induced lung injury by regulating the activity of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signalling pathway, reducing inflammatory and oxidative stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongcan Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Caixia Pei
- Department of Geriatrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingjie Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Demei Huang
- Department of Geriatrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenxing Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
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Participation of MicroRNAs in the Treatment of Cancer with Phytochemicals. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25204701. [PMID: 33066509 PMCID: PMC7587345 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a global health concern and one of the main causes of disease-related death. Even with considerable progress in investigations on cancer therapy, effective anti-cancer agents and regimens have thus far been insufficient. There has been compelling evidence that natural phytochemicals and their derivatives have potent anti-cancer activities. Plant-based anti-cancer agents, such as etoposide, irinotecan, paclitaxel, and vincristine, are currently being applied in medical treatments for patients with cancer. Further, the efficacy of plenty of phytochemicals has been evaluated to discover a promising candidate for cancer therapy. For developing more effective cancer therapy, it is required to apprehend the molecular mechanism deployed by natural compounds. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been realized to play a pivotal role in regulating cellular signaling pathways, affecting the efficacy of therapeutic agents in cancer. This review presents a feature of phytochemicals with anti-cancer activity, focusing mainly on the relationship between phytochemicals and miRNAs, with insights into the role of miRNAs as the mediators and the regulators of anti-cancer effects of phytochemicals.
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Zhou L, Zhang R, Yang S, Zhang Y, Shi D. Astragaloside IV alleviates placental oxidative stress and inflammation in GDM mice. Endocr Connect 2020; 9:939-945. [PMID: 33006955 PMCID: PMC7583135 DOI: 10.1530/ec-20-0295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous study revealed that astragaloside IV (AS-IV) effectively improved gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) by reducing hepatic gluconeogenesis. Due to the importance of placental oxidative stress, we further explored the protective role of AS-IV on placental oxidative stress in GDM. METHODS First, non-pregnant mice were orally administrated with AS-IV to evaluate its safety and effect. Then GDM mice were orally administered with AS-IV for 20 days and its effect on the symptoms of GDM, placental oxidative stress, secretions of inflammatory cytokines, as well as toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/NF-κB signaling pathway, were evaluated. RESULTS AS-IV had no adverse effect on non-pregnant mice. On the other hand, AS-IV significantly attenuated the GDM-induced hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, placental oxidative stress, productions of inflammatory cytokines and the activation of TLR4/NF-κB pathway. CONCLUSION AS-IV effectively protected against GDM by alleviating placental oxidative stress and inflammation, in which TLR4/NF-κB might be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhou
- Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Ruixue Zhang
- Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to R Zhang:
| | | | | | - Dandan Shi
- Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
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Xiaotan Jieyu Prescription Alleviates Breast Precancerous Lesions through PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:4129461. [PMID: 32849898 PMCID: PMC7441443 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4129461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Methods The successfully established breast precancerous lesion rat model and normal healthy rats were randomly assigned into the blank (BLA), model (MOD), XTJY-low (LD), XTJY-medium (MD), XTJY-high (HD), and tamoxifen (TAM) groups. Different concentrations of XTJY and saline were supplied by intragastric administration for 4 consecutive weeks to assess the protective effect of XTJY on the progress of the breast precancerous lesion in rats involving the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway. Results In this study, it determined that 10 mg/each rat DMBA-combined estrogen and progesterone induction for 10 weeks was the optimal condition for the establishment of the breast precancerous lesion rat model. In vivo administration of XTJY or TAM was found to inhibit the development of the breast precancerous lesion, and the occurrence rate of breast invasive carcinomas was decreased by about 50%. Furthermore, XTJY or TAM markedly reduced protein expressions of PI3K and p-Akt and increased protein expressions of PTEN. Conclusion These data indicated that XTJY can significantly alleviate the development of breast precancerous lesions by inhibiting the activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. XTJY may be a promising drug for the treatment of precancerous lesions in breast cancer.
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18
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Wang Y, Xiong Y, Zhang A, Zhao N, Zhang J, Zhao D, Yu Z, Xu N, Yin Y, Luan X, Xiong Y. Oligosaccharide attenuates aging-related liver dysfunction by activating Nrf2 antioxidant signaling. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:3872-3881. [PMID: 32724648 PMCID: PMC7382186 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) is the depolymerized product of chitosan possessing various biological activities and protective effects against inflammation and oxidative injury. The aim of the present study was to investigate the antioxidant effects of COS supplements on aging-related liver dysfunction. We found that COS treatment significantly attenuated elevated liver function biomarkers and oxidative stress biomarkers and decreased antioxidative enzyme activities in liver tissues in D-galactose (D-gal)-treated mice. Furthermore, COS treatment significantly upregulated the expression of Nrf2 and its downstream target genes HO-1, NQO1, and CAT. Moreover, in vitro experiments showed that COS treatment played a vital role in protecting H2O2-exposed L02 cells against oxidative stress by activating Nrf2 antioxidant signaling. These data indicate that COS could protect against D-gal-induced hepatic aging by activating Nrf2 antioxidant signaling, which may provide novel applications for the prevention and treatment of aging-related hepatic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueming Wang
- Department of AnatomySchool of Basic MedicineBinzhou Medical UniversityYantaiChina
| | - Yanlei Xiong
- Department of PathologyXuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Aiping Zhang
- Department of ImmunologySchool of Basic MedicineBinzhou Medical UniversityYantaiChina
| | - Nannan Zhao
- Department of ImmunologySchool of Basic MedicineBinzhou Medical UniversityYantaiChina
| | - Jiashen Zhang
- Department of AnatomySchool of Basic MedicineBinzhou Medical UniversityYantaiChina
| | - Dongmei Zhao
- Department of AnatomySchool of Basic MedicineBinzhou Medical UniversityYantaiChina
| | - Zhenhai Yu
- Department of AnatomySchool of Basic MedicineBinzhou Medical UniversityYantaiChina
| | - Ning Xu
- Department of AnatomySchool of Basic MedicineBinzhou Medical UniversityYantaiChina
| | - Yancun Yin
- Department of AnatomySchool of Basic MedicineBinzhou Medical UniversityYantaiChina
| | - Xiying Luan
- Department of ImmunologySchool of Basic MedicineBinzhou Medical UniversityYantaiChina
| | - Yanlian Xiong
- Department of AnatomySchool of Basic MedicineBinzhou Medical UniversityYantaiChina
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Study on the Anticancer Effect of an Astragaloside- and Chlorogenic Acid-Containing Herbal Medicine (RLT-03) in Breast Cancer. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:1515081. [PMID: 32595723 PMCID: PMC7305538 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1515081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Although surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and endocrine therapy are widely used in clinical practice for breast cancer treatment, herbal medicines (HMs) are considered as an alternative to palliative treatments because of their coordinated intervention effects and relatively low side effects. Astragaloside (AS) and chlorogenic acid (CGA) are major active ingredients of Radix Astragali and Lonicera japonica, which have shown antitumorigenic properties in certain cancers, but the role of HMs containing both AS and CGA remains unclear in breast cancer. In this study, we explored an AS- and CGA-containing HM (RLT-03) extracted from Radix Astragali, Lonicerae Japonicae Flos, Trichosanthin, and Rhizoma imperatae. Methods RLT-03 was extracted using water and n-butanol, and the AS and CGA ingredients in RLT-03 were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and evaporative light-scattering detector (ELSD). 4T1, EMT6, BT-549, and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines were used, and an EMT6 xenograft model was established. Cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis were measured in vitro, and tumor volume and weight were observed in vivo. The expression of VEGF, EGF, IL-10, TGF-β, and CD34 and cell apoptosis in tumors were examined. Results RLT-03 inhibited cell viability and induced apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In vivo, tumor volume and weight were reduced, and the expression of VEGF, EGF, IL-10, TGF-β, and CD34 was suppressed in the tumor microenvironment, while cell apoptosis was induced. Conclusion RLT-03 exhibited therapeutic effects against breast cancer by regulating the expression of ligands of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and inflammatory factors. Thus, RLT-03 represents a potential supplementary HM that can be used in breast cancer therapy.
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Huang Z, Liu CA, Cai PZ, Xu FP, Zhu WJ, Wang WW, Jiang HP. Omega-3PUFA Attenuates MNU-Induced Colorectal Cancer in Rats by Blocking PI3K/AKT/Bcl-2 Signaling. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:1953-1965. [PMID: 32184629 PMCID: PMC7062403 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s241298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (Omega-3PUFA) is one of the essential nutrients for human body involved in intracellular metabolic regulation and cell signaling. Previous studies have shown that Omega-3PUFA is involved in the pathogenesis of digestive system tumors, including colorectal cancer (CRC), however, the effects of Omega-3PUFA on CRC has not been fully elucidated. In the current study, we evaluated whether Omega-3PUFA can alleviate N-methyl-N-nitrosourea(MNU) induced CRC in a rat model and illustrated the potential mechanism. Methods The effects of Omga-3PUFA on MNU-induced colorectal cancer in rats were analyzed by in vivo experiments. The viability, apoptosis, colony formation and invasion of CRC cells treated with Omga-3PUFA were detected by CCK8, flow cytometry, clone formation assay and transwell invasion assay. The expression of apoptosis-related proteins in CRC cells treated with Omga-3PUFA was detected by Western blotting. Finally, after adding PI3K activator, the viability, apoptosis and protein expression of CRC cells treated with Omga-3PUFA were detected by CCK8, flow cytometry and Western blotting. Results Our results showed that Omega-3PUFA attenuated MNU-induced CRC in rats and inhibited AKT/Bcl-2 signaling in rats. In addition, Omega-3PUFA inhibited CRC cell proliferation and induces CRC cell apoptosis. Moreover, Omega-3PUFA inhibited CRC cell colony formation and invasion, and inhibited PI3K/AKT/Bcl-2 signaling in CRC cells. Furthermore, The effects of Omega-3PUFA on cell proliferation and apoptosis were inhibited by blocking PI3K/AKT signaling. Conclusion Omega-3PUFA can attenuate MNU-induced colorectal cancer in rats by blocking PI3K/AKT/Bcl-2 signaling, which suggests that Omega-3PUFA may be a potent agent for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-An Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Ji'an Central Hosipital, Ji'an 343000, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Zhu Cai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei-Peng Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jing Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Wei Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Ping Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510000, People's Republic of China
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