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Chen Q, Xing G, Cao X, Liang T, Chen L, Dai L, Ci L, Yan M. Functional carbon nanodots enhance tomato tolerance to zinc deficient soils: Mechanisms and structure-function relationships. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 953:176113. [PMID: 39260510 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) deficiency is a global problem disorder affecting both crops and humans. Herein, modified functional carbon nanodots (MFCNs) with various structures and characteristics were developed to regulate tomato yields and Zn migration in plant-soil systems affected by Zn deficiency through structure-function relationships. Sulfur-doped FCNs (S-FCNs), nitrogen-doped FCNs (N-FCNs), and nitrogen‑sulfur co-doped FCNs (N,S-FCNs) were hydrothermally modified using FCNs as precursors. Their regulatory effects on tomatoes growing in Zn-deficient alkaline soils were studied in pot culture experiments. Specifically, 8 mg kg-1 of FCNs and S-FCNs improved tomato yields by 132 % and 108 %, respectively, compared with the control. However, N-FCNs and N,S-FCNs showed no significant effect on yield compared with the control (P < 0.05). Moreover, the application of FCNs or S-FCNs significantly improved fruit quality and nutritional value, including Zn content (by 26.3 % and 22.0 %, respectively) and naturally occurring antioxidants (by 3.37- and 2.08-fold for lycopene, 1.31- and 1.18-fold for flavonoids, and 2.28- and 1.89-fold for phenolics, respectively; P < 0.05). Although N-FCNs and N,S-FCNs increased Zn contents, they inhibited the synthesis of naturally occurring antioxidants in fruits. Zn bioaccessibility, uptake, and transportation in plant-soil systems were regulated by MFCNs through both direct and indirect mechanisms, including ionic reactions, plant physiology, and environmental effects. MFCNs regulated plant tolerance to Zn deficiency not only by affecting root activity, redox homeostasis, micronutrient balance, chelator synthesis, genetic expression, and plant photosynthesis but also by influencing rhizosphere soil properties and the microbial environment. Based on their dual role as "plant growth regulators" and "soil conditioners", MFCNs may have general applicability in agriculture. This study highlights the behavior of MFCNs in plant-soil systems, providing innovative nanotools for enhancing Zn availability, crop stress resistance and environmental preservation in sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China.
| | - Guling Xing
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Xiufeng Cao
- School of Municipal & Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, PR China
| | - Taibo Liang
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- College of Tobacco Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Linna Dai
- School of Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, PR China
| | - Lijie Ci
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
| | - Mei Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China.
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Goyal V, Rani D, Ritika, Mehrotra S, Deng C, Wang Y. Unlocking the Potential of Nano-Enabled Precision Agriculture for Efficient and Sustainable Farming. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3744. [PMID: 37960100 PMCID: PMC10649170 DOI: 10.3390/plants12213744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has attracted remarkable attention due to its unique features and potential uses in multiple domains. Nanotechnology is a novel strategy to boost production from agriculture along with superior efficiency, ecological security, biological safety, and monetary security. Modern farming processes increasingly rely on environmentally sustainable techniques, providing substitutes for conventional fertilizers and pesticides. The drawbacks inherent in traditional agriculture can be addressed with the implementation of nanotechnology. Nanotechnology can uplift the global economy, so it becomes essential to explore the application of nanoparticles in agriculture. In-depth descriptions of the microbial synthesis of nanoparticles, the site and mode of action of nanoparticles in living cells and plants, the synthesis of nano-fertilizers and their effects on nutrient enhancement, the alleviation of abiotic stresses and plant diseases, and the interplay of nanoparticles with the metabolic processes of both plants and microbes are featured in this review. The antimicrobial activity, ROS-induced toxicity to cells, genetic damage, and growth promotion of plants are among the most often described mechanisms of operation of nanoparticles. The size, shape, and dosage of nanoparticles determine their ability to respond. Nevertheless, the mode of action of nano-enabled agri-chemicals has not been fully elucidated. The information provided in our review paper serves as an essential viewpoint when assessing the constraints and potential applications of employing nanomaterials in place of traditional fertilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Goyal
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India
| | - Dolly Rani
- Department of Microbiology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India
| | - Ritika
- Department of Microbiology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India
| | - Shweta Mehrotra
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar 125001, Haryana, India
| | - Chaoyi Deng
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; (C.D.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; (C.D.); (Y.W.)
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Rai S, Omar AF, Rehan M, Al-Turki A, Sagar A, Ilyas N, Sayyed RZ, Hasanuzzaman M. Crop microbiome: their role and advances in molecular and omic techniques for the sustenance of agriculture. PLANTA 2022; 257:27. [PMID: 36583789 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-04052-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This review is an effort to provide in-depth knowledge of microbe's interaction and its role in crop microbiome using combination of advanced molecular and OMICS technology to translate this information for the sustenance of agriculture. Increasing population, climate change and exhaustive agricultural practices either influenced nutrient inputs of soil or generating biological and physico-chemical deterioration of the soils and affecting the agricultural productivity and agro-ecosystems. Alarming concerns toward food security and crop production claim for renewed attention in microbe-based farming practices. Microbes are omnipresent (soil, water, and air) and their close association with plants would help to accomplish sustainable agriculture goals. In the last few decades, the search for beneficial microbes in crop production, soil fertilization, disease management, and plant growth promotion is the thirst for eco-friendly agriculture. The crop microbiome opens new paths to utilize beneficial microbes and manage pathogenic microbes through integrated advanced biotechnology. The crop microbiome helps plants acquire nutrients, growth, resilience against phytopathogens, and tolerance to abiotic stresses, such as heat, drought, and salinity. Despite the emergent functionality of the crop microbiome as a complicated constituent of the plant fitness, our understanding of how the functionality of microbiome influenced by numerous factors including genotype of host, climatic conditions, mobilization of minerals, soil composition, nutrient availability, interaction between nexus of microbes, and interactions with other external microbiomes is partially understood. However, the structure, composition, dynamics, and functional contribution of such cultured and uncultured crop microbiome are least explored. The advanced biotechnological approaches are efficient tools for acquiring the information required to investigate the microbiome and extract data to develop high yield producing and resistant variety crops. This knowledge fills the fundamental gap between the theoretical concepts and the operational use of these advanced tools in crop microbiome studies. Here, we review (1) structure and composition of crop microbiome, (2) microbiome-mediated role associated with crops fitness, (3) Molecular and -omics techniques for exploration of crop microbiome, and (4) current approaches and future prospectives of crop microbiome and its exploitation for sustainable agriculture. Recent -omic approaches are influential tool for mapping, monitoring, modeling, and management of crops microbiome. Identification of crop microbiome, using system biology and rhizho-engineering, can help to develop future bioformulations for disease management, reclamation of stressed agro-ecosystems, and improved productivity of crops. Nano-system approaches combined with triggering molecules of crop microbiome can help in designing of nano-biofertilizers and nano-biopesticides. This combination has numerous merits over the traditional bioinoculants. They stimulate various defense mechanisms in plants facing stress conditions; provide bioavailability of nutrients in the soil, helps mitigate stress conditions; and enhance chances of crops establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, SHEPA, Varanasi, India.
| | - Ayman F Omar
- Department of Plant Production and Protection, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Plant Pathology, Plant Pathology and Biotechnology Laboratory and EPCRS Excellence Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516, Egypt.
| | - Medhat Rehan
- Department of Plant Production and Protection, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Genetics, College of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Ahmad Al-Turki
- Department of Plant Production and Protection, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alka Sagar
- Department of Microbiology, MIET, Meerut, India
| | - Noshin Ilyas
- Department of Botany, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan
| | - R Z Sayyed
- Asian PGPR Society, Auburn Venture, Auburn, AL, USA.
| | - Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-E-Bangla Agricultural University (SAU), Sher-E-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
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Mohamed AA, Sameeh MY, El-Beltagi HS. Preparation of Seaweed Nanopowder Particles Using Planetary Ball Milling and Their Effects on Some Secondary Metabolites in Date Palm ( Phoenix dactylifera L.) Seedlings. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:life13010039. [PMID: 36675989 PMCID: PMC9866922 DOI: 10.3390/life13010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Due to their distinctive physicochemical characteristics, nanoparticles have recently emerged as pioneering materials in agricultural research. In this work, nanopowders (NP) of seaweed (Turbinaria triquetra) were prepared using the planetary ball milling procedure. The prepared nanopowders from marine seaweed were characterized by particle size, zeta potential, UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). When the seaweed nanopowder of Turbinaria triquetra was subjected to FT-IR analysis, it revealed the presence of different functional groups, including alkane, carboxylic acids, alcohol, alkenes and aromatics. Moreover, the methanol extract was used to identify the polyphenolic components in seaweed (NP) using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the extract revealed the presence of a number of important compounds such as daidzein and quercetin. Moreover, the pot experiment was carried out in order to evaluate the effects of prepared seaweed (NP) as an enhancer for the growth of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). The date palm seedlings received four NP doses, bi-distilled water was applied as the control and doses of 25, 50 or 100 mg L-1 of seaweed liquid NP were used (referred to as T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively). Foliar application of liquid NP was applied two times per week within a period of 30 days. Leaf area, number of branches, dry weight, chlorophylls, total soluble sugars and some other secondary metabolites were determined. Our results indicated that the foliar application of liquid NP at T3 enhanced the growth parameters of the date palm seedlings. Additionally, liquid NP at T3 and T4 significantly increased the photosynthetic pigments. The total phenolic, flavonoid and antioxidant activities were stimulated by NP foliar application. Moreover, the data showed that the T3 and T4 doses enhanced the activity of the antioxidant enzymes (CAT, POX or PPO) compared to other treatments. Therefore, the preparation of seaweed NP using the planetary ball milling method could produce an eco-friendly and cost- effective material for sustainable agriculture and could be an interesting way to create a nanofertilizer that mitigates plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal A. Mohamed
- Chemistry Department, Al-Leith University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah P.O. Box 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Plant Biochemistry Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Behooth St., Dokki, Giza P.O. Box 12622, Egypt
- Correspondence: (A.A.M.); (H.S.E.-B.)
| | - Manal Y. Sameeh
- Chemistry Department, Al-Leith University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah P.O. Box 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hossam S. El-Beltagi
- Agricultural Biotechnology Department, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa P.O. Box 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza P.O. Box 12613, Egypt
- Correspondence: (A.A.M.); (H.S.E.-B.)
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Al-Rubaie M, Mohammed AR, S. Ali H. Nano fertilizer spraying affects the yield of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) varieties. BIONATURA 2022. [DOI: 10.21931/rb/2022.07.04.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The field experiment was carried out at the Abu Ghraib Agricultural Research Station Iraq (AGARSI), affiliated with the Agricultural Research body-Ministry of Agricultural of Iraq, to study the spraying with nano fertilizers and the stages of the yield and yield components of varieties of Sorghum. The experiment was designed as a spilled-spilled-plot according to the (RCBD) of three replicates. The main plots involved three varieties of Sorghum (Rabih, Lilo, and Inqath). In contrast, the subplots involved spraying the nano-fertilizers (Nano-Iron and Nano-Zinc) and the control treatment (distilled water). The sub-sub-plots involved the spray stages (Spraying at emerging five leaves, spraying at emerging the last folded leaf, and spraying at 50% flowering stage). The results showed that there were significant differences in all traits, where the variety Inqath had the highest was superior in panicle weight (g), the number of grains per panicle, (CGR)(gm-2.day-1), and grain yield (tons.ha-1). Nano iron was also superior in four traits, panicle weight (g), the number of grains per panicle (CGR)(g.m-2.day-1), and grain yield (tons.ha-1). For the spray stage, the stage of the emergence of five true leaves (S1) was significantly superior in the traits of panicle weight (g), the number of grains per panicle, (CGR)(g.m-2.day-1), and grain yield (tons.ha-1).
Keywords: Nano fertilizers; Nano-Iron; Nano-Zinc; grain yield.
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Chen Q, Cao X, Li Y, Sun Q, Dai L, Li J, Guo Z, Zhang L, Ci L. Functional carbon nanodots improve soil quality and tomato tolerance in saline-alkali soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 830:154817. [PMID: 35341861 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
High salinity and alkalinity of saline-alkali soil lead to soil deterioration, the subsequent osmotic stress and ion toxicity inhibited crops growth and productivity. In this research, 8 mg kg-1 and 16 mg kg-1 functional carbon nanodots (FCNs) can alleviate the adverse effects of saline-alkali on tomato plant at both seedling and harvest stages, thanks to their up-regulation effects on soil properties and plant physiological processes. On one hand, FCNs stimulate the plant potential of tolerance to saline-alkali and disease resistance through triggering the defense response of antioxidant system, enhancing the osmotic adjustment, promoting the nutrient uptake, transportation and utilization, and up-regulating the photosynthesis, thereby improve tomato growth and productivity in saline-alkali soils. On the other hand, FCNs application contributes to the improvement of soil physicochemical properties and fertilities, as well as decline soil salinity and alkalinity, which are related to plant growth and fruit quality. This research also focuses on the dose-dependent effects of FCNs on their regulation effects and toxicity to tomato growth under stress or non-stress. These findings recommend that FCNs could be applied as potential amendments to ameliorate the saline-alkali soil and improve the tomato tolerance and productivity in the Yellow River Delta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Xiufeng Cao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China.
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Qing Sun
- Research Center for Carbon Nanomaterials, Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution & Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, PR China
| | - Linna Dai
- Research Center for Carbon Nanomaterials, Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution & Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, PR China
| | - Jianwei Li
- Research Center for Carbon Nanomaterials, Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution & Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, PR China
| | - Zhijiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Research Center for Carbon Nanomaterials, Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution & Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, PR China
| | - Lijie Ci
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Research Center for Carbon Nanomaterials, Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution & Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, PR China.
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Katsenios N, Andreou V, Sparangis P, Djordjevic N, Giannoglou M, Chanioti S, Kasimatis CN, Kakabouki I, Leonidakis D, Danalatos N, Katsaros G, Efthimiadou A. Assessment of plant growth promoting bacteria strains on growth, yield and quality of sweet corn. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11598. [PMID: 35804096 PMCID: PMC9270457 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16044-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) is increasingly gaining acceptance from all the stakeholders of the agricultural production. Different strains of PGPB species had been found to have a vast variety of mechanisms of action, while at the same time, affect differently a variety of crops. This study investigated the effectiveness of ten PGPB strains, on sweet corn cultivation under Mediterranean soil and climatic conditions. A field experiment that followed a completely randomized design was conducted at the region of Attica at Oropos. The results indicated that B. mojavensis increased yield by 16%, B. subtilis by 13.8%, B. pumilus by 11.8% and B. pseudomycoides by 9.8% compared to control. In addition, the harvested grains of the plants treated with B. mojavensis, B. subtilis and B. pumilus presented the highest values of protein and fiber content. Moreover, in most of the cases, high values of photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance during the cultivation period, resulted in high productivity. Regarding the texture, the size, the sphericity and the ash content of corn grains, it was found that they were not influenced by the application of different treatments of PGPB. The use of certain strains of PGPB, under specific soil and climatic conditions could contribute to better understand which strains are better suited to certain crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Katsenios
- Department of Soil Science of Athens, Institute of Soil and Water Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization - Demeter, 14123, LycovrissiAttica, Greece
| | - Varvara Andreou
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-DEMETER, Lykovrissi, 14123, Attica, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Sparangis
- Department of Soil Science of Athens, Institute of Soil and Water Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization - Demeter, 14123, LycovrissiAttica, Greece
| | | | - Marianna Giannoglou
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-DEMETER, Lykovrissi, 14123, Attica, Greece
| | - Sofia Chanioti
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-DEMETER, Lykovrissi, 14123, Attica, Greece
| | | | - Ioanna Kakabouki
- Laboratory of Agronomy, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitriοs Leonidakis
- Laboratory of Agronomy and Applied Crop Physiology, Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, Fytokou St., University of Thessaly, 38446, Volos, Greece
| | - Nicholaos Danalatos
- Laboratory of Agronomy and Applied Crop Physiology, Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, Fytokou St., University of Thessaly, 38446, Volos, Greece
| | - George Katsaros
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-DEMETER, Lykovrissi, 14123, Attica, Greece
| | - Aspasia Efthimiadou
- Department of Soil Science of Athens, Institute of Soil and Water Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization - Demeter, 14123, LycovrissiAttica, Greece.
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Akhtar N, Ilyas N, Meraj TA, Pour-Aboughadareh A, Sayyed RZ, Mashwani ZUR, Poczai P. Improvement of Plant Responses by Nanobiofertilizer: A Step towards Sustainable Agriculture. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:965. [PMID: 35335778 PMCID: PMC8949119 DOI: 10.3390/nano12060965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Drastic changes in the climate and ecosystem due to natural or anthropogenic activities have severely affected crop production globally. This concern has raised the need to develop environmentally friendly and cost-effective strategies, particularly for keeping pace with the demands of the growing population. The use of nanobiofertilizers in agriculture opens a new chapter in the sustainable production of crops. The application of nanoparticles improves the growth and stress tolerance in plants. Inoculation of biofertilizers is another strategy explored in agriculture. The combination of nanoparticles and biofertilizers produces nanobiofertilizers, which are cost-effective and more potent and eco-friendly than nanoparticles or biofertilizers alone. Nanobiofertilizers consist of biofertilizers encapsulated in nanoparticles. Biofertilizers are the preparations of plant-based carriers having beneficial microbial cells, while nanoparticles are microscopic (1-100 nm) particles that possess numerous advantages. Silicon, zinc, copper, iron, and silver are the commonly used nanoparticles for the formulation of nanobiofertilizer. The green synthesis of these nanoparticles enhances their performance and characteristics. The use of nanobiofertilizers is more effective than other traditional strategies. They also perform their role better than the common salts previously used in agriculture to enhance the production of crops. Nanobiofertilizer gives better and more long-lasting results as compared to traditional chemical fertilizers. It improves the structure and function of soil and the morphological, physiological, biochemical, and yield attributes of plants. The formation and application of nanobiofertilizer is a practical step toward smart fertilizer that enhances growth and augments the yield of crops. The literature on the formulation and application of nanobiofertilizer at the field level is scarce. This product requires attention, as it can reduce the use of chemical fertilizer and make the soil and crops healthy. This review highlights the formulation and application of nanobiofertilizer on various plant species and explains how nanobiofertilizer improves the growth and development of plants. It covers the role and status of nanobiofertilizer in agriculture. The limitations of and future strategies for formulating effective nanobiofertilizer are mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nosheen Akhtar
- Department of Botany, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan; (N.A.); (Z.-u.-R.M.)
| | - Noshin Ilyas
- Department of Botany, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan; (N.A.); (Z.-u.-R.M.)
| | | | - Alireza Pour-Aboughadareh
- Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj P.O. Box 3183964653, Iran;
| | - R. Z. Sayyed
- Institute of Genetics and Plant Experimental Biology, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent Region, Tashkent 111208, Uzbekistan;
| | - Zia-ur-Rehman Mashwani
- Department of Botany, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan; (N.A.); (Z.-u.-R.M.)
| | - Peter Poczai
- Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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