Optimization of spray-drying process to manufacture green tea powder and its characters

Performance of spray-dried Ziziphus jujuba extract using insoluble fraction of Persian gum-sodium alginate and whey protein: Microstructural and physicochemical attributes of micro- and nano-capsules

The study focused on the impact of the insoluble fraction of Persian gum-sodium alginate and a blend of the insoluble fraction of Persian gum-sodium alginate (IFPG-Al) with whey protein isolate (WPI) on sprayed Ziziphus jujuba extract (JE) powder. The addition of whey protein led to powders with higher moisture (10%), higher solubility (99.19%), and lower powder yield (27.82%). The powders fabricated with WPI depicted the best protection of polyphenolic compounds (3933.4 mg/L) and the highest encapsulation efficiency activity (74.84%). Additionally, they had a higher T g (62.63°C), which indicates more stability of the powders during shelf life. The sphericity of the majority of the particles was noticeable in powders, but multi-sided concavities were visible in the protein-containing particles. Based on the particle size's results, IFPG-Al/WPI capsules fabricated relatively smaller particles (2.54 μm). It can be acknowledged that the presence of protein in particles can bring fruitful results by preserving valuable bioactive compounds.

Effects of green tea extract treatment on erythropoiesis and iron parameters in iron-overloaded β-thalassemic mice

β-Thalassemia is characterized by ineffective erythropoiesis leading to chronic anemia. Thus, increased iron absorption from the duodenum and via blood transfusions is required to maintain normal blood hemoglobin (Hb) levels and iron chelators in the removal of excessive iron. Certain agents are also needed for the improvement of stress erythropoiesis and iron dysregulation. Green tea extract (GTE), which is rich in epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), is known to possess radical scavenging and iron-chelating activities. We aimed to assess the effects of green tea extract on erythroid regulators, iron mobilization and anti-lipid peroxidation in the liver, spleen, and kidneys of iron-loaded β-globin gene knockout thalassemic (BKO) mice. Our results indicate that treatments of green tea extract and/or deferiprone (DFP) diminished levels of plasma erythropoietin (EPO) and erythroferrone (ERFE), and consistently suppressed kidney Epo and spleen Erfe mRNA expressions (p < .05) in iron- loaded BKO mice when compared with untreated mice. Coincidently, the treatments decreased plasma ferritin (Ft) levels, iron content levels in the liver (p < .05), spleen (p < .05), and kidney tissues of iron-loaded BKO mice. Furthermore, lipid-peroxidation products in the tissues and plasma were also decreased when compared with untreated mice. This is the first evidence of the orchestral role of green tea extract abundant with epigallocatechin-3-gallate in improving ineffective erythropoiesis, iron dysregulation and oxidative stress in iron-overloaded β-thalassemic mice.

Development of Powdered Mixed Green Tea and Okra Beverage Product by Spray Drying

Thai herbal juices tend to lose nutrients during heat processing. Spray-drying has been one of the most well-known methods of powder production, which involves the transformation of liquid material into dried particles. The study performed the suitable conditions of spray drying for green tea and okra powder qualities. Maltodextrin as a carrier at concentrations of 10, 20, and 30 percent were added to mixed green tea and okra powder. Three inlet and fixed outlet temperatures of 150, 160, 170 and 75C, respectively, were also analysed. Physicochemical properties such as colour, moisture, water activity, pH, yield percentage total phenolic and antioxidant inhibition percentage (DPPH, FRAP and ABTS assay) were assessed, while sensory tests were also performed. The inlet temperature of 150C, maltodextrin 10% showed the highest values of the three assays in terms of antioxidant inhibition percentage (DPPH, ABTS (VEAC), (TEAC) and FRAP assays) and total phenolic compound were 0.235%, 0.974 mM/g, 0.696 mM/g, 0.962 mM Fe+2 /g and 0.235 ppm, respectively. A sensory test of each product’s overall acceptability was performed by 30 untrained panelists using the ranking test. The results revealed that the inlet temperature of 150C, maltodextrin 30% was the most accepted (the highest yield percentage), while the inlet temperature of 170C, maltodextrin 30% was the least accepted. The information obtained describes the most exceptional advantages of the spray-drying method for the production of food particles. Further, the potential of this technique and more advanced equipment to develop processes and industrial-scale processes is essential to the bench-to-bedside translation of innovative instant powdered herbal Thai beverage products.

Optimization of alcohol extraction and spray-drying conditions for efficient processing and quality evaluation of instant tea powder from lotus and green tea leaves

Lotus and Green Tea leaves are two frequently used medicinal plants in Vietnam, utilized as food, drink, or in traditional treatments to help with weight loss and cholesterol reduction. The study’s major goal is to determine the parameters of the process preparation in order to generate instant tea powder that satisfies quality criteria for customer demand. Twenty experiments are conducted using the D-optimal model to evaluate the cause-effect relationship and optimize the production process of instant tea powder. Four independent variables are selected for the survey namely alcohol concentration (40%; 50%; 60%), carrier mass (10 g; 20 g; 30 g), inlet air temperature (160 °C; 170 °C) and flow rate (4 rpm/min; 5 rpm/min). The instant tea powder is effectively created and met quality parameters, with a drying performance, moisture content, total phenol and flavonoid content of 29.15%, 4.83%, 45.29 mg GA/g, and 70.68 mg QE/g, respectively. In conclusion, the optimal parameters of the preparation process were identified, which included an alcohol content of 60%, a carrier mass of 10 g, an inlet air temperature of 165 °C, and a flow rate of 4 rpm/min.