Rapid detection of bovine adipose tissue using lateral flow strip assay

A Highly Sensitive Indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) Based on a Monoclonal Antibody Specific to Thermal Stable-Soluble Protein in Pork Fat for the Rapid Detection of Pork Fat Adulterated in Heat-Processed Beef Meatballs

Processed foods containing pork fat tissue to improve flavor and gain economic benefit may cause severe issues for Muslims, Jews, and vegetarians. This study aimed to develop an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) based on a monoclonal antibody specific to thermal stable-soluble protein in pork fat tissue and apply it to detect pork fat tissue in heat-processed (autoclave, steam, roast, and fry) beef meatballs. To develop a sensitive iELISA, the optimal sample pre-cooking time, coating conditions, primary and secondary dilution time, and various buffer systems were tested. The change in the iELISA sensitivity with different 96-well microtiter microplates was confirmed. The detection limit of iELISA performed with an appropriate microplate was 0.015% (w/w) pork fat in raw and heat-treated beef. No cross-reactions to other meats or fats were shown. These results mean that the iELISA can be used as an analytical method to detect trace amounts of pork fat mixed in beef.

Lateral flow immunoassay for sensitive detection of undeclared chicken meat in meat products

This study presents the development of an immunochromatographic test system aimed at the detection of chicken additives in meat products. It is based on sandwich-format lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) of immunoglobulins as a biomarker for species identification. The LFIA based on gold nanoparticles as a label for anti-species antibodies was used to determine chicken immunoglobulins and, accordingly, chicken meat in food products. Absence of cross-reactivity with mammalian species tested in the study confirmed high specificity of the determination. The test system showed good sensitivity and rapidity, allowing for the detection of as low as 0.063% (w/w) chicken meat in raw meat mixtures within 20 min. As a result of the testing of raw and cooked meat products, it was shown that the test system can reliably recognize specific immunoglobulins even after heat processing. The proposed assay can be recommended for rapid on-site screening control of the composition and quality of meat products.

Procedures for the identification and detection of adulteration of fish and meat products

The addition or exchange of cheaper fish species instead of more expensive fish species is a known form of fraud in the food industry. This can take place accidentally due to the lack of expertise or act as a fraud. The interest in detecting animal species in meat products is based on religious demands (halal and kosher) as well as on product adulterations. Authentication of fish and meat products is critical in the food industry. Meat and fish adulteration, mainly for economic pursuit, is widespread and leads to serious public health risks, religious violations, and moral loss. Economically motivated adulteration of food is estimated to create damage of around € 8 to 12 billion per year. Rapid, effective, accurate, and reliable detection technologies are keys to effectively supervising meat and fish adulteration. Various analytical methods often based on protein or DNA measurements are utilized to identify fish and meat species. Although many strategies have been adopted to assure the authenticity of fish and meat and meat a fish products, such as the protected designation of origin, protected geographical indication, certificate of specific characteristics, and so on, the coverage is too small, and it is unrealistic to certify all meat products for protection from adulteration. Therefore, effective supervision is very important for ensuring the suitable development of the meat industry, and rapid, effective, accurate, and reliable detection technologies are fundamental technical support for this goal. Recently, several methods, including DNA analysis, protein analysis, and fat-based analysis, have been effectively employed for the identification of meat and fish species.

Comparative review and the recent progress in detection technologies of meat product adulteration

Meat adulteration, mainly for the purpose of economic pursuit, is widespread and leads to serious public health risks, religious violations, and moral loss. Rapid, effective, accurate, and reliable detection technologies are keys to effectively supervising meat adulteration. Considering the importance and rapid advances in meat adulteration detection technologies, a comprehensive review to summarize the recent progress in this area and to suggest directions for future progress is beneficial. In this review, destructive meat adulteration technologies based on DNA, protein, and metabolite analyses and nondestructive technologies based on spectroscopy were comparatively analyzed. The advantages and disadvantages, application situations of these technologies were discussed. In the future, determining suitable indicators or markers is particularly important for destructive methods. To improve sensitivity and save time, new interdisciplinary technologies, such as biochips and biosensors, are promising for application in the future. For nondestructive techniques, convenient and effective chemometric models are crucial, and the development of portable devices based on these technologies for onsite monitoring is a future trend. Moreover, omics technologies, especially proteomics, are important methods in laboratory detection because they enable multispecies detection and unknown target screening by using mass spectrometry databases.

Establishment and application of a 10-plex liquid bead array for the simultaneous rapid detection of animal species

BACKGROUND

Meat fraud and adulteration incidents occur frequently in almost all regions of the globe, especially with the increase in the world's population. To ensure the authenticity of meat products, we developed a 10-plex xMAP assay to simultaneously detect ten animal materials: bovine, caprine, poultry, swine, donkey, deer, horse, dog, fox and mink.

RESULTS

This method was investigated by analyzing DNA extracts from raw muscle, muscle mixtures, meat products and animal feeds. Our results indicated that the species of interest can be identified, differentiated and detected down to 1 g kg^-1 in binary mixtures or 0.01-0.001 ng of genomic DNA from specific species. Testing of 125 commercial samples showed a 97.4% coincidence rate with the method used in routine testing in our lab.

CONCLUSION

These results indicated that the method established in this study could detect ten animal materials simultaneously within 3 h, which provides a new, useful tool for animal ingredient analysis in meat products and animal feeds. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.

Immuno Nanosensor for the Ultrasensitive Naked Eye Detection of Tuberculosis

In the present study, a beneficial approach for the ultrasensitive and affordable naked eye detection and diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) by utilizing plasmonic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) via antibody-antigen interaction was studied. Here, the biocatalytic cycle of the intracellular enzymes links to the formation and successive growth of the gold nanoparticles (GNPs) for ultrasensitive detection. The formation of different colored solutions by the plasmonic nanoparticles in the presence of enzyme labels links directly to the existence or non-existence of the TB analytes in the sample solutions. For disease detection, the adapted protocol is based mainly on the conventional ELISA procedure that involves catalase-labeled antibodies, i.e., the enzymes consume hydrogen peroxide and further produce GNPs with the addition of gold (III) chloride. The amount of hydrogen peroxide remaining in the solution determines whether the GNPs solution is to be formed in the color blue or the color red, as it serves as a confirmation for the naked eye detection of TB analytes. However, the conventional ELISA method only shows tonal colors that need a high concentration of analyte to achieve high confidence levels for naked eye detection. Also, in this research, we proposed the incorporation of protein biomarker, Mycobacterium tuberculosis ESAT-6-like protein esxB (CFP-10), as a means of TB detection using plasmonic ELISA. With the use of this technique, the CFP-10 detection limit can be lowered to 0.01 µg/mL by the naked eye. Further, our developed technique was successfully tested and confirmed with sputum samples from patients diagnosed with positive TB, thereby providing enough evidence for the utilization of our technique in the early diagnosis of TB disease.

Progress and challenges associated with halal authentication of consumer packaged goods

Abusive business practices are increasingly evident in consumer packaged goods. Although consumers have the right to protect themselves against such practices, rapid urbanization and industrialization result in greater distances between producers and consumers, raising serious concerns on the supply chain. The operational complexities surrounding halal authentication pose serious challenges on the integrity of consumer packaged goods. This article attempts to address the progress and challenges associated with halal authentication. Advancement and concerns on the application of new, rapid analytical methods for halal authentication are discussed. The significance of zero tolerance policy in consumer packaged foods and its impact on analytical testing are presented. The role of halal assurance systems and their challenges are also considered. In conclusion, consensus on the establishment of one standard approach coupled with a sound traceability system and constant monitoring would certainly improve and ensure halalness of consumer packaged goods. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.