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Berasarte I, Bordagaray A, Garcia-Arrona R, Ostra M, Reis de Araujo W, Vidal M. Microscale titration of acetic acid using digital colorimetry and paper-based analytical devices. Talanta 2024; 276:126254. [PMID: 38759362 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
A quantitative method for acid-base titrations in paper-based devices (PADs) is described to analyze acetic acid in vinegar samples. In this work, two different types of PADs were developed: a device for individual spot testing and a microfluidic device. Digital colorimetry was used as the detection method, and the images were acquired using a smartphone and a homemade box with LED lights for controlled image acquisition. Titration curves were built with just eight points, using the R channel based on the gradual color transition from red to blue of litmus, a natural indicator. The endpoint was accurately determined by second derivative calculations. Both systems were applied to fifteen vinegar samples of different types, and good concentration results were obtained in comparison to the reference method. The proposed methodology is simple, fast, environmentally friendly, and surpasses the need for calibration curve construction. Moreover, the subjective endpoint identification is eliminated, and the method was automated to provide a high throughput workflow, suitable for quality control processes and real-time measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irati Berasarte
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018, Donostia/San Sebastian, Spain; Portable Chemical Sensors Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ane Bordagaray
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018, Donostia/San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Rosa Garcia-Arrona
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018, Donostia/San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Miren Ostra
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018, Donostia/San Sebastian, Spain
| | - William Reis de Araujo
- Portable Chemical Sensors Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maider Vidal
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018, Donostia/San Sebastian, Spain
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Bozkir E, Yilmaz B, Sharma H, Esatbeyoglu T, Ozogul F. Challenges in water kefir production and limitations in human consumption: A comprehensive review of current knowledge. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33501. [PMID: 39035485 PMCID: PMC11259891 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Water kefir is a convenient dairy-free alternative to dairy-based fermented beverages. It is prepared by fermenting a sucrose solution with fresh and dried fruits using water kefir grains, and demineralized whey can be used in water kefir production. This review describes current knowledge on water kefir production and its health effects. The main aims of this paper are to focus on the microbial composition, potential health-promoting properties, limitations in human consumption, and challenges in the production of water kefir. Water kefir grains and substrates, including brown sugar, dried and fresh fruits, vegetables, and molasses, used in the production influence the fermentation characteristics and composition of water kefir. Lactic acid bacteria, acetic acid bacteria, and yeasts are the microorganisms involved in the fermentation process. Lactobacillus species are the most common microorganisms found in water kefir. Water kefir contains various bioactive compounds that have potential health benefits. Water kefir may inhibit the growth of certain pathogenic microorganisms and food spoilage bacteria, resulting in various health-promoting properties, including immunomodulatory, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcerogenic, antiobesity, hypolipidemic, and hepatoprotective activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eda Bozkir
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Italy
| | - Birsen Yilmaz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Hyderabad, India
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cukurova University, 01330, Adana, Turkiye
| | - Heena Sharma
- Food Technology Lab, Dairy Technology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Tuba Esatbeyoglu
- Department of Molecular Food Chemistry and Food Development, Institute of Food and One Health, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Am Kleinen Felde 30, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Fatih Ozogul
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Cukurova University, 01330, Adana, Turkiye
- Biotechnology Research and Application Center, Cukurova University, Adana, 01330, Turkiye
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Gökırmaklı Ç, Şatır G, Guzel‐Seydim ZB. Microbial viability and nutritional content of water kefir grains under different storage conditions. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:4143-4150. [PMID: 38873456 PMCID: PMC11167166 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.4074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Water kefir grains are an important source of probiotics, mainly containing lactic acid bacteria and yeasts. The aim of this study is to investigate the changes in microbial and chemical properties of water kefir grains during 1-month storage at +4°C and -18°C. The initial content of lactobacilli, lactococci, and yeast in water kefir grains was 6.06, 6.33, and 5.93 log CFU/g, respectively. The number of lactobacilli, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Bifidobacterium spp. in the water kefir grains were comparable, with slight changes at the end of refrigerated storage (p > .05). Lactococci and yeasts decreased significantly after both storage conditions compared to the initial content (p < .05). The dry matter and ash contents remained unchanged during storage (p > .05). Water kefir grains contained significant amounts of calcium, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B7, and vitamin B12. Storage at both +4°C and -18°C did not affect the mineral and vitamin contents, except for Cu and Vitamin B2. The results indicate that the water kefir grains remained viable after storage at both temperatures. If water kefir grains need to be stored, it is recommended to store them at +4°C in sugared water as it ensures better survivability of the microbiota of the grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Çağlar Gökırmaklı
- Department of Food EngineeringSuleyman Demirel UniversityIspartaTurkey
| | - Gülçin Şatır
- Department of Nutrition and DieteticsSuleyman Demirel UniversityIspartaTurkey
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de Souza HF, Monteiro GF, Bogáz LT, Freire ENS, Pereira KN, Vieira de Carvalho M, Gomes da Cruz A, Viana Brandi I, Setsuko Kamimura E. Bibliometric analysis of water kefir and milk kefir in probiotic foods from 2013 to 2022: A critical review of recent applications and prospects. Food Res Int 2024; 175:113716. [PMID: 38128984 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Although milk kefir and water kefir have different physical, chemical and microbiological characteristics, several microbial species that make up kefir stand out with probiotic functions. Furthermore, because it is suitable for a variety of substrates, kefir and the species of probiotic microorganisms that make it up are seen as a promising alternative in the development of probiotic and health-promoting foods. The aim of this study was to carry out a bibliometric analysis of water kefir and milk kefir in probiotic foods and to critically analyze recent applications and prospects. Using the Scopus database, 202 documents published between 2013 and 2022 were identified and submitted to bibliometric analysis using the VOSviewer software. Regarding recent applications, 107 documents published between 2021 and June 2023 were identified. It was observed that, in the literature consulted, no study used bibliometric analysis to evaluate the use of water kefir and milk kefir in probiotic foods. Due to the presence of probiotic species, kefir has been listed as an alternative for the production of new probiotic food matrices that are beneficial to health. Recent applications show kefir's potential in the development of probiotic products based on fruit and fruit juice, whey beverages, fermented milks and derivatives, and alcoholic beverages such as beers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Handray Fernandes de Souza
- Department of Food Engineering, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, 13635-900 Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Giovana Felício Monteiro
- Department of Food Engineering, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, 13635-900 Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lorena Teixeira Bogáz
- Department of Food Engineering, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, 13635-900 Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Novais Souza Freire
- Department of Food Engineering, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, 13635-900 Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karina Nascimento Pereira
- Department of Food Engineering, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, 13635-900 Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina Vieira de Carvalho
- Department of Food Engineering, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, 13635-900 Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriano Gomes da Cruz
- Department of Food, Federal Institute of Science and Technology of Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), 20270-021 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Igor Viana Brandi
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Universitária, 1000, 39404-547 Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eliana Setsuko Kamimura
- Department of Food Engineering, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, 13635-900 Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
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