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Wahab BAA, Alamri ZZ, Jabbar AAJ, Ibrahim IAA, Almaimani RA, Almasmoum HA, Ghaith MM, Farrash WF, Almutawif YA, Ageeli KA, Alfaifi SM, Alharthi RF. Phytochemistry, antioxidant, anticancer, and acute toxicity of traditional medicinal food Biarum bovei (Kardeh). BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:283. [PMID: 37559022 PMCID: PMC10410897 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04080-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Biarum species (Kardeh) has been consumed as a traditional functional food and medicine for decades. The current study investigates the phytochemistry, in-vitro and in-vivo bioactivities of methanol extracts of B. bovei. METHODS The Gas-chromatography mass spectrophotometer (GS/GS-MS) was used to analyze the phytochemical profile of the methanol extracts of B. bovei leaves and corms. The B. bovei extracts (BBE) were also investigated for in-vitro antioxidant, anticancer, and in-vivo acute toxicity (2000 mg/kg) activities. RESULTS The chemical profiling of BBE revealed mainly fatty acids, phytosterol, alcohols, and hydrocarbon compounds. Namely, Linoleic acid, eliadic acid, palmitic acid, 22,23-dihydro-stigmasterol, and campesterol. The antioxidant activity of BBE ranged between 0.24-3.85 μg TE/mL based on different assays. The extracts also exhibited significant anticancer activity against DU-145 (prostate cancer cells), MCF-7 (human breast adenocarcinoma), and HeLa (human cervical cancer) cell lines with IC50 values ranging between 22.73-44.24 μg/mL. Rats fed on 2000 mg/kg dosage of BBE showed absence of any toxicological sign or serum biochemical changes. CONCLUSION The detected phytochemicals and bioactivities of BBE scientifically backup the folkloric usage as an important source of nutraceuticals and alternative medicine for oxidative stress-related diseases and carcinogenesis inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassam Ali Abed Wahab
- Department of Physiology, Biochemistry & Pharmacology, Faculty of Vet Medicine, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq
| | - Zaenah Zuhair Alamri
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A J Jabbar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Erbil Technical Health and Medical College, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil, 44001, Iraq.
| | - Ibrahim Abdel Aziz Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riyad A Almaimani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain A Almasmoum
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazen M Ghaith
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wesam F Farrash
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yahya A Almutawif
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah, 42353, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Rahaf Frehan Alharthi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Jafari SZ, Jafarian S, Hojjati M, Najafian L. Evaluation of antioxidant activity of nano- and microencapsulated rosemary ( Rosmarinus officinalis L.) leaves extract in cress ( Lepidium sativum) and basil ( Ocimum basilicum) seed gums for enhancing oxidative stability of sunflower oil. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:2111-2119. [PMID: 35702297 PMCID: PMC9179134 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been interest in the use of plant extract as a natural preservative agent for improving the oxidative stability of vegetable oils. However, plant extracts have low stability against heat and environmental stress. In this study, the antioxidant potential of nano- and microencapsulated Rosmarinus officinalis L. extract (RE) obtained using the ultrasonication method was measured. The total phenolic and flavonoid content of the extract was 174.4 ± 25.9 mg gallic acid/g extract and 78.30 ± 3.2 mg rutin/g extract, respectively. Antioxidant activity of 50, 100, 200, and 400 ppm of RE was measured by DPPH free radical scavenging methods, ferric reduction assay, and β-carotene/linoleic acid assay, and then compared to the 100 ppm of TBHQ as a common synthetic antioxidant. The results showed that the antioxidant activity increased with increasing the concentration of the extract in all evaluating methods. The antioxidant activity of 200 ppm of the free and encapsulated extract in cress (Lepidium sativum) and basil (Ocimum basilicum) seed gums at different ratios (1:0, 1:1, and 0:1) was compared to sunflower oil without antioxidants, and oil-containing TBHQ which was stored at 60°C for 24 days. The oxidation indexes of oil samples include peroxide value, thiobarbituric acid value, and p-anisidine value measured at 4-day intervals. A lower oil oxidation was observed in oil-containing nanoencapsulated extract followed by microencapsulated extract, free extract, and TBHQ. Since producing nanoencapsulated RE requires a higher time and speed of homogenization and due to no statistically significant difference between the antioxidant properties of nanocapsules and microcapsules in oil, the use of microcapsules of RE in basil seed gum to increase the shelf life of sunflower oil is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyede Zeynab Jafari
- Department of Food Science & TechnologyNour BranchIslamic Azad UniversityNourIran
| | - Sara Jafarian
- Department of Food Science & TechnologyNour BranchIslamic Azad UniversityNourIran
| | - Mohammad Hojjati
- Department of Food Science & TechnologyAgricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of KhuzestanAhvazIran
| | - Leila Najafian
- Department of Food Science & TechnologySari BranchIslamic Azad UniversitySariIran
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Zarei Jelyani A, Tavakoli J, Lashkari H, Aminlari M. Different effect of chemical refining process on Baneh ( Pistacia atlantica var mutica) kernel oil: Regeneration of tocopherols. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:5557-5566. [PMID: 34646525 PMCID: PMC8498077 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the impact of refining process on the chemical properties (fatty acid composition and tocopherols, sterols, and polyphenolic contents), qualitative parameters (peroxide value, acid value, and p-anisidine value), and antioxidant activity (DPPH radical scavenging assay and FRAP test) of Baneh (Pistacia atlantica var mutica) kernel oil. The results revealed that the refining process had no significant effect on the fatty acid composition. A major finding of this research was the increase in the tocopherol and sterol content up to the bleaching stage followed by their decrease in the deodorizing phase. Some tocopherol and sterol compounds in crude oil were dimerized or attached to other compounds by ester bonding, which are released during some stages of the refining process and this factor is responsible for their increase. In fact, during this process, these compounds are regenerated. The occurrence of this phenomenon in the refining process improved the DPPH radical scavenging power of Baneh kernel oil up to the bleaching stage. Moreover, the content of phenolic compounds decreased after refining of Baneh kernel oil, and only in the deodorizing stage, an increase of these compounds was observed. In general, the results of this study showed that the refining process had a completely different effect on the antioxidant compounds (especially tocopherols) compared to other oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniseh Zarei Jelyani
- Food Science and Technology DepartmentSarvestan BranchIslamic Azad UniversitySarvestanIran
| | - Javad Tavakoli
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyFaculty of AgricultureJahrom UniversityJahromIran
| | - Hannan Lashkari
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyZarin Dasht BranchIslamic Azad UniversityZarin DashtIran
| | - Mahmoud Aminlari
- Department of BiochemistrySchool of Veterinary MedicineShiraz UniversityShirazIran
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Imani H, Salehi SO, Karimpour F, Jowshan M, Portavan F. Effects of traditional fermented food (Ash-Kardeh) consumption on blood glucose, blood pressure, and lipid profile in type 2 diabetes: a study protocol for a randomized clinical trial. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2020; 19:1639-1645. [PMID: 33553040 PMCID: PMC7843900 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00634-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many therapeutic methods are recommended for the management of Type 2 diabetes. Ash-Kardeh contains several components such as flavonoids, antioxidants, and dietary fiber which can affect lipid profile and blood pressure in diabetic patients. However, no study has examined the effects of Ash-Kardeh consumption on blood glucose, blood pressure, and lipid profile in type 2 diabetic patients; therefore, the aim of this study will be to examine the effects of Ash-Kardeh consumption on blood glucose, blood pressure, and lipid profile in type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS This study is a randomized, no-blinded, controlled clinical trial in which 44 type 2 diabetic patients will be randomly allocated to intervention and control groups. Individuals in both the intervention and control groups will receive (the usual treatment of diabetic patients) for 6 weeks, while those in the intervention group will receive (250 g of traditional fermented food daily in addition to the usual treatment) at the same time. Assessment of anthropometric measures, blood pressure, and biochemical parameters including serum concentrations of fasting blood sugar, high-density lipoproteins-cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins-cholesterol, total cholesterol, and triglyceride will be performed at the study baseline and end of the trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Imani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayed Omid Salehi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Students’ Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Karimpour
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Science, Yasuj, Iran
| | | | - Farzad Portavan
- Students Research Committee, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
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