A novel, sensitive and non-destructive method for quantitative determination of lipid in live Eriocheir sinensis using low-field 1H Nuclear magnetic resonance

A novel approach for the fractionation of organic components and microbial degraders in ADM1 and model validation based on the methanogenic potential

The anaerobic digestion model No 1 (ADM1), with fixed fractions of the substrate components, is currently used to simulate methane production during the anaerobic digestion (AD) of waste activated sludge (WAS). However, the goodness-of-fit for the simulation is not ideal due to the different characteristics of WAS from different regions. In this study, a novel methodology based on a modern instrumental analysis and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis for the fractionation of organic components and microbial degraders in the WAS is investigated to modify the fractions of the components in the ADM1. The combination of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses were used to achieve a rapid and accurate fractionation of the primary organic matters in the WAS that was verified using both the sequential extraction method and the excitation-emission matrix (EEM). The protein, carbohydrate, and lipid contents in the four different sludge samples measured using the above combined instrumental analyses were 25.0 - 50.0%, 2.0 - 10.0%, and 0.9 - 2.3%. The microbial diversity based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis was utilized to re-set the initial fractions of the microbial degraders in the ADM1. A batch experiment was utilized to further calibrate the kinetic parameters in the ADM1. Based on the above optimization of the stoichiometric and kinetic parameters, the ADM1 with full parameter modification for WAS (ADM1-FPM) simulated the methane production of the WAS very well with a Theil's inequality coefficient (TIC) of 0.049, which was increased by 89.8% than that of the default ADM1 fit. The proposed approach, with its rapid and reliable performance, demonstrated a strong application potential for the fractionation of organic solid waste and the modification of ADM1, which contributed to a better simulation of methane production during the AD of organic solid wastes.

Drivers of Consumer Preference Derived from Active Volatiles for Cooked Eriocheir sinensis

Consumers' perception of volatiles determines their preferences and choices of food. Furthermore, various factors, such as varieties, origin, gender, and edible parts, may influence volatiles. The perception of edible parts of E. sinensis in two origins (Chongming and Taixing) regarding overall hedonic score (9-points), just-about-right scale (5-points), and intensity of attributes (7-points) were analyzed. The results showed that consumers preferred the hepatopancreas odor of female crabs in Chongming, with an overall preference of 6.84 and R_MAT (calculate the R-index by matrix) values >52.93%. The crabs' origin (different feeding and rearing condition) was the primary reason for the odor profiles. The appropriate meaty and toasted odor in the hepatopancreas increased the overall preference by approximately 14.65-20.60%. Furthermore, 2-acetylthiazole, a volatile compound with a fatty odor, may significantly affect preferences and consumption behavior.