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Dupont J, Leal BC, Lozano P, Monteiro AL, Migowski P, Scholten JD. Ionic Liquids in Metal, Photo-, Electro-, and (Bio) Catalysis. Chem Rev 2024; 124:5227-5420. [PMID: 38661578 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) have unique physicochemical properties that make them advantageous for catalysis, such as low vapor pressure, non-flammability, high thermal and chemical stabilities, and the ability to enhance the activity and stability of (bio)catalysts. ILs can improve the efficiency, selectivity, and sustainability of bio(transformations) by acting as activators of enzymes, selectively dissolving substrates and products, and reducing toxicity. They can also be recycled and reused multiple times without losing their effectiveness. ILs based on imidazolium cation are preferred for structural organization aspects, with a semiorganized layer surrounding the catalyst. ILs act as a container, providing a confined space that allows modulation of electronic and geometric effects, miscibility of reactants and products, and residence time of species. ILs can stabilize ionic and radical species and control the catalytic activity of dynamic processes. Supported IL phase (SILP) derivatives and polymeric ILs (PILs) are good options for molecular engineering of greener catalytic processes. The major factors governing metal, photo-, electro-, and biocatalysts in ILs are discussed in detail based on the vast literature available over the past two and a half decades. Catalytic reactions, ranging from hydrogenation and cross-coupling to oxidations, promoted by homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts in both single and multiphase conditions, are extensively reviewed and discussed considering the knowledge accumulated until now.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jairton Dupont
- Institute of Chemistry - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre 91501-970 RS, Brasil
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular B e Inmunología, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, P.O. Box 4021, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Bárbara C Leal
- Institute of Chemistry - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre 91501-970 RS, Brasil
| | - Pedro Lozano
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular B e Inmunología, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, P.O. Box 4021, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Adriano L Monteiro
- Institute of Chemistry - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre 91501-970 RS, Brasil
| | - Pedro Migowski
- Institute of Chemistry - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre 91501-970 RS, Brasil
| | - Jackson D Scholten
- Institute of Chemistry - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre 91501-970 RS, Brasil
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Can deep eutectic solvents be the best alternatives to ionic liquids and organic solvents: A perspective in enzyme catalytic reactions. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 217:255-269. [PMID: 35835302 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
As a new generation of green solvents, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have been considered as a promising alternative to classical organic solvents and ionic liquids (ILs). DESs are normally formed by two or more components via various h-bonds interactions. Up to date, four types of DESs are found, namely, type I DESs (formed by MClx, namely FeCl2, AlCl3, ZnCl2, CuCl2 and AgCl et al., and quaternary ammonium salts); type II DESs (formed by metal chloride hydrates and quaternary ammonium salts); type III DESs (formed by choline chlorides and different kinds of HBDs) and type IV DESs (formed by salts of transition metals and urea). DESs share many advantages, such as low vapor pressure, good substrate solubility and thermal stability, with ILs, and offering a high potential to be the medium of biocatalysis reactions. In this case, this paper reviews the applications of DESs in enzymatic reactions. Lipases are the most widely used enzyme in DESs systems as their versatile applications in various reactions and robustness. Interestingly, DESs can improve the efficiency of these reactions via enhancing the substrates solubility and the activity and stability of enzymes. Therefore, the directed engineering of DESs for special reactions such as degradation of polymers in high temperature or strong acid-base conditions will be one of the future perspectives of the investigation DESs.
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Kanno Mathias D, Piazentin Costa J, Rodrigues Calvo C, Claro da Silva R, Converti A, Segura N, Jachmanián I, Gioielli LA, Neves Rodrigues Ract J. Incorporation of Caprylic Acid into a Single Cell Oil Rich in Docosahexaenoic Acid for the Production of Specialty Lipids. Food Technol Biotechnol 2021; 58:411-422. [PMID: 33505204 PMCID: PMC7821774 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.58.04.20.6546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Research background New sources of docosahexaenoic acid have recently been investigated aiming at infant formula fortification and dietary supplementation, among which the single cell oil with 40-50% of this acid. Experimental approach For this purpose, such an oil was blended with caprylic acid in amount substance ratio ranging from 1:1 to 5:1 and the blends were interesterified using either Novozym 435 or Lipozyme TL IM as the catalyst. The influence of the amount of excess free caprylic acid in the substrate, as well as the type of enzyme on the triacylglycerol rearrangement resulting from the synthesis of the structured lipids were evaluated. Results and conclusions The regiospecific lipase Lipozyme TL IM seemed to induce transesterification among single cell oil triacylglycerols preferably by acidolysis with caprylic acid, which was directly proportional to the ratio of this acid in the substrate. In reactions catalyzed by the non-regiospecific lipase Novozym 435, a higher incorporation of caprylic acid into single cell oil triacylglycerols was observed than when using Lipozyme TL IM, independently of the oil/caprylic acid molar ratio. Novelty and scientific contribution These results revealed the importance of combining the choice of the type of lipase, either regiospecific or not, with the amount ratios of free fatty acids and the substrate in acidolysis when aiming to produce structured lipids as a source of docosahexaenoic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Kanno Mathias
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Piazentin Costa
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Rodrigues Calvo
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberta Claro da Silva
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, 1601 E. Market Street, NC 27411 Greensboro, USA
| | - Attilio Converti
- Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Pole of Chemical Engineering, Via Opera Pia 15, 16145 Genoa, Italy
| | - Nadia Segura
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Chemistry, University of the Republic (UDELAR), Av. Gral Flores 2124, Casilla de Correos 1157, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Iván Jachmanián
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Chemistry, University of the Republic (UDELAR), Av. Gral Flores 2124, Casilla de Correos 1157, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Luiz Antonio Gioielli
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Neves Rodrigues Ract
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil
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Separation of soluble saccharides from the aqueous solution containing ionic liquids by electrodialysis. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Rezaei Motlagh S, Harun R, Radiah Awang Biak D, Hussain SA, A. Elgharbawy A, Khezri R, Wilfred CD. Prediction of Potential Ionic Liquids (ILs) for the Solid-Liquid Extraction of Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) from Microalgae Using COSMO-RS Screening Model. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10081149. [PMID: 32781499 PMCID: PMC7464090 DOI: 10.3390/biom10081149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study performs a screening of potential Ionic Liquids (ILs) for the extraction of Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) compounds by the calculation of capacity values. For this purpose, a Conductor-Like Screening Model for Real Solvents (COSMO-RS) was employed to study the molecular structures of the ILs, and therefore, predict their extraction potential. The capacity values of 22 anions combined with 16 cations based ILs, were investigated to evaluate the effectiveness of ILs in the extraction of DHA. It was found that among the investigated ILs, a combination of tetramethyl ammonium with SO4 or Cl was the best fit for DHA extraction, followed by pyrrolidinium, imidazolium, pyridinium and piperidinium. Furthermore, it was observed that the extraction capacity and the selectivity of ILs decreased with an increase in alkyl chain length; therefore, ethyl chain-ILs, with the shortest chain lengths, were found to be most suitable for DHA extraction. The predicted results were validated through the experimentally calculated extraction yield of a DHA compound from Nannochloropsis sp. Microalgae. Five selected ILs, namely [EMIM][Cl], [BMIM][Cl], [TMAm][Cl], [EMPyr][Br] and [EMPyrro][Br], were selected from COSMO-RS for empirical extraction purposes, and the validation results pinpointed the good prediction capabilities of COSMO-RS. The findings in this study can simplify the process of selecting suitable ILs for DHA extraction and reduce the number of required empirical evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Rezaei Motlagh
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.R.M.); (D.R.A.B.); (S.A.H.)
| | - Razif Harun
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.R.M.); (D.R.A.B.); (S.A.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-3-89466289
| | - Dayang Radiah Awang Biak
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.R.M.); (D.R.A.B.); (S.A.H.)
| | - Siti Aslina Hussain
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia; (S.R.M.); (D.R.A.B.); (S.A.H.)
| | - Amal A. Elgharbawy
- International Institute for Halal Research and Training (INHART), International Islamic University Malaysia, Gombak, Kuala Lumpur 50728, Malaysia;
| | - Ramin Khezri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Cecilia Devi Wilfred
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Centre of Research in Ionic Liquids (CORIL), Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610 UTP, Perak, Malaysia;
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Attri P, Choi S, Kim M, Shiratani M, Cho AE, Lee W. Influence of alkyl chain substitution of ammonium ionic liquids on the activity and stability of tobacco etch virus protease. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 155:439-446. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Schindl A, Hagen ML, Muzammal S, Gunasekera HAD, Croft AK. Proteins in Ionic Liquids: Reactions, Applications, and Futures. Front Chem 2019; 7:347. [PMID: 31179267 PMCID: PMC6543490 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Biopolymer processing and handling is greatly facilitated by the use of ionic liquids, given the increased solubility, and in some cases, structural stability imparted to these molecules. Focussing on proteins, we highlight here not just the key drivers behind protein-ionic liquid interactions that facilitate these functionalities, but address relevant current and potential applications of protein-ionic liquid interactions, including areas of future interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Schindl
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew L. Hagen
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Additive Manufacturing, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Shafaq Muzammal
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Henadira A. D. Gunasekera
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Additive Manufacturing, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Anna K. Croft
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Rezaei Motlagh S, Harun R, Awang Biak DR, Hussain SA, Wan Ab Karim Ghani WA, Khezri R, Wilfred CD, Elgharbawy AAM. Screening of Suitable Ionic Liquids as Green Solvents for Extraction of Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) from Microalgae Biomass Using COSMO-RS Model. Molecules 2019; 24:E713. [PMID: 30781457 PMCID: PMC6412376 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24040713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have many health benefits including reducing the risk of cancer and cardiovascular disease. Recently, the use of ionic liquids (ILs) in lipid extraction from microalgae provides the potential to overcome common drawbacks, offers several other benefits. To date, very limited researches are available to focus on extracting microalgae lipid and PUFA in particular by using ILs. The objective of current work is to screen the potential ILs that can be applied in EPA extraction. In this study, fast ILs screening was performed with the help of a conductor like screening model for real solvents (COSMO-RS) and the ILs with higher capacity values for use in extraction of EPA were compared. According to the results, the highest capacity for EPA extraction among 352 screened cation/anion combinations belongs to [TMAm][SO₄]. It is expected to achieve a higher yield of EPA once applying this combination as the solvent in the process of extraction. ILs with small anions were observed to have higher capacities, as well possessing higher charge density compared to larger ones, and therefore, they are more preferable for extraction purposes. Moreover, shorter alkyl chain cations are preferred when using imidazolium-based IL, which agrees with experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Rezaei Motlagh
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Razif Harun
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Dayang Radiah Awang Biak
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Siti Aslina Hussain
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Wan Azlina Wan Ab Karim Ghani
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Ramin Khezri
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Cecilia Devi Wilfred
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Centre of Research in Ionic Liquids (CORIL), Universiti Teknologi Petronas, UTP, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak 32610, Malaysia.
| | - Amal A M Elgharbawy
- International Institute for Halal Research and Training (INHART), International Islamic University Malaysia, Gombak, Kuala Lumpur 50728, Malaysia.
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