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Sun Z, Zhou Y, Zhu W, Yin Y. Assessment of the Fruit Chemical Characteristics and Antioxidant Activity of Different Mulberry Cultivars ( Morus spp.) in Semi-Arid, Sandy Regions of China. Foods 2023; 12:3495. [PMID: 37761204 PMCID: PMC10529437 DOI: 10.3390/foods12183495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
As a traditional cash crop with ecological and nutritional values, mulberry is gradually expanding its consumption worldwide due to its great regional adaptability and superior health functions. The widespread interest in nutrients has led to a growing need to explore in depth the health benefits of mulberries. Many studies are actively being conducted to investigate the adaptability of the diversity of mulberries in different applications. This study systematically investigated the physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity of four mulberry genotypes cultivated in China's semi-arid sandy regions to better understand the composition and health-promoting potential of this super crop. Chemical composition identification was identified via HPLC and antioxidant activity was further determined via DPPH and FRAP. The moisture, crude protein, ash, soluble solids, phenolics, anthocyanins, and flavonoids contents of mulberry were comparatively analyzed. The study revealed that the four mulberry genotypes showed significant differences in quality and content of the analyzed characteristics. The greatest antioxidant activity was found in Shensang 1, which had the most soluble solids (17%) and the highest amounts of free sugar (fructose: 5.14% and glucose: 5.46%). Ji'an had the most minerals (K: 2.35 mg/g, Ca: 2.27 mg/g, and Fe: 467.32 mg/kg) and it also contained chlorogenic acid, which has the potential to be turned into a natural hypoglycemic agent. PCA and Pearson correlation analysis indicated that the antioxidant activity was closely related to the chemical contents of total phenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and soluble sugars. If the antioxidant activity and nutrient content of the developed plants are considered, Shen Sang 1 is the most favorable variety. This finding can be used to support the widespread cultivation of mulberries to prevent desertification as well as to promote the development of the mulberry industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu Sun
- Life Science and Technology College, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China;
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China;
| | - Yongbin Zhou
- Life Science and Technology College, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China;
- Institute of Modern Agricultural Research, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
| | - Wenxu Zhu
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China;
- Research Station of Liaohe-River Plain Forest Ecosystem, Chinese Forest Ecosystem Research Network (CFERN), Shenyang Agricultural University, Tieling 110161, China
| | - You Yin
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China;
- Research Station of Liaohe-River Plain Forest Ecosystem, Chinese Forest Ecosystem Research Network (CFERN), Shenyang Agricultural University, Tieling 110161, China
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Protective Application of Morus and Its Extracts in Animal Production. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12243541. [PMID: 36552461 PMCID: PMC9774465 DOI: 10.3390/ani12243541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Different components of the mulberry tree (fruits, leaves, twigs, and roots) are rich in active compounds, and have been reported to possess potent beneficial properties, including antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-allergenic, antihypertensive, and neuroprotective. The mulberry and its extracts can effectively improve the growth performance and fitness of animals. They not only possess the properties of being safe and purely natural, but also they are not prone to drug resistance. According to the literature, the supplemental level of the mulberry and its extracts in animal diets varies with different species, physiological status, age, and the purpose of the addition. It has been observed that the mulberry and its extracts enhanced the growth performance, the quality of animal products (meat, egg, and milk), the antioxidant and the anti-inflammatory responses of animals. Furthermore, the mulberry and its extracts have antibacterial properties and can effectively moderate the relative abundance of the microbial populations in the rumen and intestines, thus improving the immunity function of animals and reducing the enteric methane (CH4) production in ruminants. Furthermore, the mulberry and its extracts have the potential to depurate tissues of heavy metals. Collectively, this review summarizes the nutrients, active compounds, and biological functions of mulberry tree products, as well as the application in livestock production with an aim to provide a reference for the utilization of the mulberry and its extracts in animal production.
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Qin Y, Fang F, Wang R, Zhou J, Li L. Differentiation between wild and artificial cultivated Stephaniae tetrandrae radix using chromatographic and flow-injection mass spectrometric fingerprints with the aid of principal component analysis. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:4223-4231. [PMID: 32884703 PMCID: PMC7455950 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
High-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) and flow-injection mass spectrometric (FIMS) fingerprinting profiles were used to differentiate between wild and artificial cultivated Stephaniae tetrandrae Radix samples. HPLC and FIMS fingerprints of 15 wild S. tetrandrae Radix samples and 12 artificial cultivated S. tetrandrae Radix samples were obtained and analyzed with the aid of principal component analysis (PCA). PCA of the fingerprints showed that the chemical differences between wild and artificial cultivated S. tetrandrae Radix samples could be differentiated by either HPLC or FIMS fingerprints. The HPLC fingerprints provided more chemical information but required longer analytical time compared with FIMS fingerprints. This study indicated that the wild samples contained higher concentrations of almost all of the major compounds than the cultivated samples. Three characteristic compounds which were responsible for the differences between the samples were tentatively identified with the aid of MS data. Furthermore, these three compounds, tetrandrine (TET), fangchinoline (FAN), and cyclanoline (CYC), were quantified. The HPLC and FIMS fingerprints combined with PCA could be used for quality assessment of wild and artificial cultivated S. tetrandrae Radix samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya‐dong Qin
- College of Life SciencesAnhui Normal UniversityWuhuChina
- Pharmacy DepartmentAnhui College of Traditional Chinese MedicineWuhuChina
| | - Feng‐man Fang
- College of Life SciencesAnhui Normal UniversityWuhuChina
| | - Rong‐bin Wang
- College of Life SciencesAnhui Normal UniversityWuhuChina
- Pharmacy DepartmentAnhui College of Traditional Chinese MedicineWuhuChina
| | - Juan‐juan Zhou
- Pharmacy DivisionWuhu Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineWuhuChina
| | - Lin‐hua Li
- Pharmacy DepartmentAnhui College of Traditional Chinese MedicineWuhuChina
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Jia X, Liu J, Shi B, Liang Q, Gao J, Feng G, Chang Z, Li Q, Zhang X, Chen J, Zhao X. Screening Bioactive Compounds of Siraitia grosvenorii by Immobilized β 2-Adrenergic Receptor Chromatography and Druggability Evaluation. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:915. [PMID: 31474867 PMCID: PMC6707405 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As the first and key step of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)-guided drug development, lead discovery necessitates continuous exploration of new methodology for screening bioactive compounds from TCM. This work intends to establish a strategy for rapidly recognizing β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) target compounds from the fruit of Siraitia grosvenorii (LHG). The method involved immobilization of β2-AR onto amino-microsphere to synthesize the receptor column, the combination of the column to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to screen bioactive compounds of LHG, the identification of the compounds by HPLC coupled with mass spectrometry (MS), and the evaluation of druggability through pharmacokinetic examination by HPLC-MS/MS. Mogroside V was screened and identified as the β2-AR-targeted bioactive compounds in LHG. This compound exhibited desired pharmacokinetic behavior including the time to reach peak plasma concentrations of 45 min, the relatively low elimination of 138.5 min, and the high bioavailability. These parameters indicated that mogroside V has a good druggability for the development of new drugs fighting β2-AR-mediated respiratory ailments like asthma. The combination of the methods in this work is probably becoming a powerful strategy for screening and early evaluating the bioactive compounds specifically binding to G-protein-coupled receptor target from complex matrices including TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoni Jia
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Xi ‘an Mental Health Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Jiajun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Baimei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qi Liang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Xi ‘an Shiyou University, Xi’an, China
| | - Juan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Gangjun Feng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhongman Chang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qian Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xi ‘an Mental Health Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Jianbo Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xi ‘an Mental Health Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Xinfeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
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