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Jiang C, Wu J. Hypothesis: hematogenous metastatic cancer cells of solid tumors may disguise themselves as memory macrophages for metastasis. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1412296. [PMID: 39035733 PMCID: PMC11257992 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1412296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
German pathologist Otto Aichel suggested, a century ago, that the cancer cell acquired its metastatic property from a leukocyte via cell-cell fusion. Since then, several revised versions of this theory have been proposed. Most of the proposals attribute the generation of the metastatic cancer cell to the fusion between a primary cancer cell and a macrophage. However, these theories have not addressed several issues, such as dormancy and stem cell-like self-renewal, of the metastatic cancer cell. On the other hand, recent studies have found that, like T- and B-/plasma cells, macrophages can also be categorized into naïve, effector, and memory/trained macrophages. As a memory/trained macrophage can enter dormancy/quiescence, be awakened from the dormancy/quiescence by acquainted primers, and re-populate via stem cell-like self-renewal, we, therefore, further specify that the macrophage fusing with the cancer cell and contributing to metastasis, belongs with the memory/trained macrophage, not other subtypes of macrophages. The current theory can explain many puzzling clinical features of cancer, including the paradoxal effects (recurrence vs. regression) of microbes on tumors, "spontaneous" and Coley's toxin-induced tumor regression, anticancer activities of β-blockers and anti-inflammatory/anti-immune/antibiotic drugs, oncotaxis, surgery- and trauma-promoted metastasis, and impact of microbiota on tumors. Potential therapeutic strategies, such as Coley's toxin-like preparations, are proposed. This is the last article of our trilogy on carcinogenesis theories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuo Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- Central Laboratories, Shanghai Clinical Research Center Xuhui Central Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaxi Wu
- Central Laboratories, Shanghai Clinical Research Center Xuhui Central Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Office of Industrial Cooperation, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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2
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Mizuno M, Ozeki N, Sekiya I. Safety of using cultured cells with trisomy 7 in cell therapy for treating osteoarthritis. Regen Ther 2022; 21:81-86. [PMID: 35785042 PMCID: PMC9234008 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy is a promising alternative treatment approach currently under study for osteoarthritis (OA), the most common chronic musculoskeletal disease. However, the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) used in cell therapy to treat OA are usually expanded in vitro to obtain sufficient numbers for transplantation, and their safety has not been fully assessed from multiple perspectives. Analysis of karyotypic abnormalities, in particular, is important to ensure the safety of cells; however, chromosomal mutations may also occur during the cell-expansion process. In addition, there have been many reports showing chromosome abnormalities, mainly trisomy 7, in the cartilage and synovium of patients with OA as well as in normal tissues. The suitability of cells with these karyotypic abnormalities as cells for cell therapy has not been evaluated. Recently, we assessed the safety of using cells with trisomy 7 from the osteoarthritic joint of a patient for transplantation, and we followed up with the patient for 5 years. This study showed analysis for copy number variant and whole-genome sequencing, compared with blood DNA from the same patient. We did not find any abnormalities in the genes regardless of trisomy 7. No side effects were observed for at least 5 years in the human clinical study. This suggests that the transplantation of cultured cells with trisomy 7 isolated from an osteoarthritic joint and transplanted into the osteoarthritic joints of the same person is not expected to cause serious adverse events. However, it is unclear what problems may arise in the case of allogeneic transplantation. Different types of risks will also exist depending on other transplantation routes, such as localization to the knee-joint only or circulation inflow and lung entrapment. In addition, since the cause of trisomy 7 occurrence remains unclear, it is necessary to clarify the mechanism of trisomy 7 in OA to perform cell therapy for OA patients in a safe manner. Trisomy 7 is frequently observed in the cartilage and synovium of patients with OA. MSCs with trisomy 7 did not form tumor after transplantation into mice. No side effects were observed 5 years after transplantation of MSCs with trisomy 7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Mizuno
- Corresponding author. Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University,1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan. Fax: +81 3 5803-0192.
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Mizuno M, Endo K, Katano H, Amano N, Nomura M, Hasegawa Y, Ozeki N, Koga H, Takasu N, Ohara O, Morio T, Sekiya I. Transplantation of human autologous synovial mesenchymal stem cells with trisomy 7 into the knee joint and 5 years of follow-up. Stem Cells Transl Med 2021; 10:1530-1543. [PMID: 34342383 PMCID: PMC8550709 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can show trisomy 7; however, the safety of these cells has not been fully investigated. The purposes of this study were to determine the ratio of patients whose synovial MSCs were transplanted clinically, to intensively investigate MSCs with trisomy 7 from a safety perspective, and to follow up the patients for 5 years after transplantation. Synovial MSCs at passage 0 were transplanted into a knee for degenerative meniscus tears in 10 patients, and the patients were checked at 5 years. The synovial MSCs were evaluated at passages 0 to 15 by G‐bands and digital karyotyping, and trisomy 7 was found in 3 of 10 patients. In those three patients, 5% to 10% of the synovial MSCs showed trisomy 7. The mRNA expressions of representative oncogenes and genes on chromosome 7 did not differ between MSCs with and without trisomy 7. Whole‐genome sequencing and DNA methylation analysis showed similar results for MSCs with and without trisomy 7. Transplantation of human synovial MSCs with trisomy 7 into eight mouse knees did not result in tumor formation under the skin or in the knees after 8 weeks in any mouse, whereas transplanted HT1080 cells formed tumors. In vitro chondrogenic potentials were similar between MSCs with and without trisomy 7. Five‐year follow‐ups revealed no serious adverse events in all 10 human patients, including 3 who had received MSCs with trisomy 7. Overall, our findings indicated that synovial MSCs with trisomy 7 were comparable with MSCs without trisomy 7 from a safety perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Mizuno
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineTokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)TokyoJapan
| | - Kentaro Endo
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineTokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)TokyoJapan
| | - Hisako Katano
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineTokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)TokyoJapan
| | - Naoki Amano
- Department of Fundamental Cell TechnologyCenter for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Masaki Nomura
- Department of Fundamental Cell TechnologyCenter for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | | | - Nobutake Ozeki
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineTokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)TokyoJapan
| | - Hideyuki Koga
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports MedicineGraduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)TokyoJapan
| | - Naoko Takasu
- Department of Fundamental Cell TechnologyCenter for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Osamu Ohara
- Department of Applied GenomicsKazusa DNA Research InstituteChibaJapan
| | - Tomohiro Morio
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental BiologyGraduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)TokyoJapan
| | - Ichiro Sekiya
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineTokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)TokyoJapan
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Identification of New, Functionally Relevant Mutations in the Coding Regions of the Human Fos and Jun Proto-Oncogenes in Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovial Tissue. Life (Basel) 2020; 11:life11010005. [PMID: 33374881 PMCID: PMC7823737 DOI: 10.3390/life11010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the expression of many pro-destructive/pro-inflammatory proteins depends on the transcription factor AP-1. Therefore, our aim was to analyze the presence and functional relevance of mutations in the coding regions of the AP-1 subunits of the fos and jun family in peripheral blood (PB) and synovial membranes (SM) of RA and osteoarthritis patients (OA, disease control), as well as normal controls (NC). Using the non-isotopic RNAse cleavage assay, one known polymorphism (T252C: silent; rs1046117; present in RA, OA, and NC) and three novel germline mutations of the cfos gene were detected: (i) C361G/A367G: Gln121Glu/Ile123Val, denoted as “fos121/123”; present only in one OA sample; (ii) G374A: Arg125Lys, “fos125”; and (iii) C217A/G374A: Leu73Met/Arg125Lys, “fos73/125”, the latter two exclusively present in RA. In addition, three novel somatic cjun mutations (604–606ΔCAG: ΔGln202, “jun202”; C706T: Pro236Ser, “jun236”; G750A: silent) were found exclusively in the RA SM. Tansgenic expression of fos125 and fos73/125 mutants in NIH-3T3 cells induced an activation of reporter constructs containing either the MMP-1 (matrix metalloproteinase) promoter (3- and 4-fold, respectively) or a pentameric AP-1 site (approximately 5-fold). Combined expression of these two cfos mutants with cjun wildtype or mutants (jun202, jun236) further enhanced reporter expression of the pentameric AP-1 construct. Finally, genotyping for the novel functionally relevant germline mutations in 298 RA, 288 OA, and 484 NC samples revealed no association with RA. Thus, functional cfos/cjun mutants may contribute to local joint inflammation/destruction in selected patients with RA by altering the transactivation capacity of AP-1 complexes.
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Kovochich M, Finley BL, Novick R, Monnot AD, Donovan E, Unice KM, Fung ES, Fung D, Paustenbach DJ. Understanding outcomes and toxicological aspects of second generation metal-on-metal hip implants: a state-of-the-art review. Crit Rev Toxicol 2019; 48:853-901. [DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2018.1563048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Kouvidi E, Stratigi A, Batsali A, Mavroudi I, Mastrodemou S, Ximeri M, Papadaki HA, Pontikoglou CG. Cytogenetic evaluation of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells from patients with myelodysplastic syndromes at different time-points during ex vivo expansion. Leuk Res 2016; 43:24-32. [PMID: 26930455 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) bone marrow (BM) mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) possess abnormal characteristics and are actively involved in disease pathogenesis. Nevertheless, it is controversial whether these cells harbor clonal cytogenetic aberrations. To probe more deeply into this issue, in the present study we used conventional G-banding and FISH analysis to assess the clonal chromosomal abnormalities of hematopoietic cells (HCs) and cultured MSCs, from 29 MDS patients and 25 healthy individuals, at early, intermediate and late passage. Variable clonal cytogenetic aberrations were detected in HCs from 31% and in MSCs from 34% of MDS patients. Clonal chromosomal abnormalities in MSCs were detected even in patients without aberrations in HCs. They were mostly numerical and always differed from those in HCs from the same individual. Clonal chromosomal abnormalities did not seem to confer a proliferative and/or survival advantage to MSCs. HCs from normal donors harbored no cytogenetic abnormalities, whereas trisomy of chromosome 5 was detected in MSCs from 16% of healthy individuals, in line with other studies. Our results suggest that MDS-derived BM-MSCs are genetically unstable. The significance of this observation in the biology of MSCs and MDS pathogenesis is still unknown and warrants further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisavet Kouvidi
- Department of Hematology, University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Stratigi
- Department of Hematology, University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aristea Batsali
- Department of Hematology, University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece; Graduate Program "Molecular Basis of Human Disease", University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Irene Mavroudi
- Department of Hematology, University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Semeli Mastrodemou
- Department of Hematology, University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Maria Ximeri
- Department of Hematology, University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Helen A Papadaki
- Department of Hematology, University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece
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Gravallese EM, Monach PA. The rheumatoid joint. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-09138-1.00094-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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8
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Liehr T. Entstehungsmechanismen von Zellmosaiken. MED GENET-BERLIN 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11825-014-0007-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung
Zellmosaike bilden sich im Zusammenhang mit „nondisjunction“, Translokationen (balanciert oder unbalanciert), nichthomologem „crossing over“ oder sonstigen chromosomalen oder subchromosomalen „rearrangements“ aus, aber auch durch kompletten oder gewebsspezifischen Chimärismus. Am bekanntesten und häufigsten nachgewiesen sind Zellmosaike, die auf Aneuploidien beruhen, während über die Häufigkeit von submikroskopischen, nur molekulargenetisch oder zytogenetisch nachweisbaren, aber niedriggradigen Zellmosaiken nur wenig bekannt ist. Als Grundlage für die Entstehung von Zellmosaiken gelten „Trisomic“- und/oder „Monosomic-rescue“-Vorgänge. Auch „replikative Fehler“ oder „Endoreduplikation“ einzelner oder mehrere Chromosomen, Isochromosomenbildung oder postzygotisches „non-homologous crossing-over“ werden als Entstehungsmechanismen von Zellmosaiken in der Literatur genannt. Insgesamt ist jedoch festzustellen, dass praktisch alle bekannten Modelle zur Mosaikentstehung bislang auf der deskriptiven Ebene verharren. Ein grundlegendes Verständnis über die tatsächlich z. B. beim Trisomic oder Monosomic rescue ablaufenden Vorgänge ist derzeit mangels Daten nicht vorhanden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Liehr
- Aff1 Institute of Human Genetics Jena Universitätsklinik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Kollegiengasse 10 07743 Jena Deutschland
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Christian WV, Oliver LD, Paustenbach DJ, Kreider ML, Finley BL. Toxicology-based cancer causation analysis of CoCr-containing hip implants: a quantitative assessment of genotoxicity and tumorigenicity studies. J Appl Toxicol 2014; 34:939-67. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lindsay D. Oliver
- Cardno ChemRisk; LLC, 4840 Pearl East Circle, Suite 300 West Boulder CO 80301 USA
| | | | - Marisa L. Kreider
- Cardno ChemRisk, LLC; 20 Stanwix St., Suite 505 Pittsburgh PA 15222 USA
| | - Brent L. Finley
- Cardno ChemRisk; LLC, 231 Front St., Suite 201 Brooklyn NY 11201 USA
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Pontikoglou C, Deschaseaux F, Sensebé L, Papadaki HA. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells: biological properties and their role in hematopoiesis and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2011; 7:569-89. [PMID: 21249477 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-011-9228-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent adult stem cells that are present in practically all tissues as a specialized population of mural cells/pericytes that lie on the abluminal side of blood vessels. Originally identified within the bone marrow (BM) stroma, not only do they provide microenvironmental support for hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), but can also differentiate into various mesodermal lineages. MSCs can easily be isolated from the BM and subsequently expand in vitro and in addition they exhibit intriguing immunomodulatory properties, thereby emerging as attractive candidates for various therapeutic applications. This review addresses the concept of BM MSCs via a hematologist's point of view. In this context it discusses the stem cell properties that have been attributed to BM MSCs, as compared to those of the prototypic hematopoietic stem cell model and then gives a brief overview of the in vitro and vivo features of the former, emphasizing on their immunoregulatory properties and their hematopoiesis-supporting role. In addition, the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of BM MSCs within the context of a defective microenvironment, such as the one characterizing Myelodysplastic Syndromes are described and the potential involvement of these cells in the pathophysiology of the disease is discussed. Finally, emerging clinical applications of BM MSCs in the field of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation are reviewed and potential hazards from MSC use are outlined.
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11
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The rheumatoid joint. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-06551-1.00091-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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12
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Liehr T, Karamysheva T, Merkas M, Brecevic L, Hamid AB, Ewers E, Mrasek K, Kosyakova N, Weise A. Somatic mosaicism in cases with small supernumerary marker chromosomes. Curr Genomics 2010; 11:432-9. [PMID: 21358988 PMCID: PMC3018724 DOI: 10.2174/138920210793176029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2010] [Revised: 05/30/2010] [Accepted: 06/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic mosaicism is something that is observed in everyday lives of cytogeneticists. Chromosome instability is one of the leading causes of large-scale genome variation analyzable since the correct human chromosome number was established in 1956. Somatic mosaicism is also a well-known fact to be present in cases with small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMC), i.e. karyotypes of 47,+mar/46. In this study, the data available in the literature were collected concerning the frequency mosaicism in different subgroups of patients with sSMC. Of 3124 cases with sSMC 1626 (52%) present with somatic mosaicism. Some groups like patients with Emanuel-, cat-eye- or i(18p)- syndrome only tend rarely to develop mosaicism, while in Pallister-Killian syndrome every patient is mosaic. In general, acrocentric and non-acrocentric derived sSMCs are differently susceptible to mosaicism; non-acrocentric derived ones are hereby the less stable ones. Even though, in the overwhelming majority of the cases, somatic mosaicism does not have any detectable clinical effects, there are rare cases with altered clinical outcomes due to mosaicism. This is extremely important for prenatal genetic counseling. Overall, as mosaicism is something to be considered in at least every second sSMC case, array-CGH studies cannot be offered as a screening test to reliably detect this kind of chromosomal aberration, as low level mosaic cases and cryptic mosaics are missed by that.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Liehr
- Jena University Hospital, Institute of Human Genetics and Anthropology, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Martina Merkas
- Jena University Hospital, Institute of Human Genetics and Anthropology, Jena, Germany
- School of Medicine Zagreb University, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lukrecija Brecevic
- School of Medicine Zagreb University, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ahmed B. Hamid
- Jena University Hospital, Institute of Human Genetics and Anthropology, Jena, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Ewers
- Jena University Hospital, Institute of Human Genetics and Anthropology, Jena, Germany
| | - Kristin Mrasek
- Jena University Hospital, Institute of Human Genetics and Anthropology, Jena, Germany
| | - Nadezda Kosyakova
- Jena University Hospital, Institute of Human Genetics and Anthropology, Jena, Germany
| | - Anja Weise
- Jena University Hospital, Institute of Human Genetics and Anthropology, Jena, Germany
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Klaus M, Stavroulaki E, Kastrinaki MC, Fragioudaki P, Giannikou K, Psyllaki M, Pontikoglou C, Tsoukatou D, Mamalaki C, Papadaki HA. Reserves, Functional, Immunoregulatory, and Cytogenetic Properties of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndromes. Stem Cells Dev 2010; 19:1043-54. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2009.0286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam Klaus
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Emily Stavroulaki
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | | | - Persefoni Fragioudaki
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Krinio Giannikou
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Maria Psyllaki
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | | | - Debbie Tsoukatou
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Clio Mamalaki
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Helen A Papadaki
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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Huber R, Hummert C, Gausmann U, Pohlers D, Koczan D, Guthke R, Kinne RW. Identification of intra-group, inter-individual, and gene-specific variances in mRNA expression profiles in the rheumatoid arthritis synovial membrane. Arthritis Res Ther 2008; 10:R98. [PMID: 18721452 PMCID: PMC2575612 DOI: 10.1186/ar2485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2007] [Revised: 07/16/2008] [Accepted: 08/22/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory and destructive joint disease characterized by overexpression of pro-inflammatory/pro-destructive genes and other activating genes (for example, proto-oncogenes) in the synovial membrane (SM). The gene expression in disease is often characterized by significant inter-individual variances via specific synchronization/desynchronization of gene expression. To elucidate the contribution of the variance to the pathogenesis of disease, expression variances were tested in SM samples of RA patients, osteoarthritis (OA) patients, and normal controls (NCs). Method Analysis of gene expression in RA, OA, and NC samples was carried out using Affymetrix U133A/B oligonucleotide arrays, and the results were validated by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. For the comparison between RA and NC, 568 genes with significantly different variances in the two groups (P ≤ 0.05; Bonferroni/Holm corrected Brown-Forsythe version of the Levene test) were selected. For the comparison between RA and OA, 333 genes were selected. By means of the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, the pathways/complexes significantly affected by higher gene expression variances were identified in each group. Results Ten pathways/complexes significantly affected by higher gene expression variances were identified in RA compared with NC, including cytokine–cytokine receptor interactions, the transforming growth factor-beta pathway, and anti-apoptosis. Compared with OA, three pathways with significantly higher variances were identified in RA (for example, B-cell receptor signaling and vascular endothelial growth factor signaling). Functionally, the majority of the identified pathways are involved in the regulation of inflammation, proliferation, cell survival, and angiogenesis. Conclusion In RA, a number of disease-relevant or even disease-specific pathways/complexes are characterized by broad intra-group inter-individual expression variances. Thus, RA pathogenesis in different individuals may depend to a lesser extent on common alterations of the expression of specific key genes, and rather on individual-specific alterations of different genes resulting in common disturbances of key pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Huber
- Department of Orthopedics, Experimental Rheumatology Unit, University Hospital Jena, Waldkrankenhaus Rudolf Elle, Eisenberg, Germany
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Micci F, Haugom L, Abeler VM, Bjerkehagen B, Heim S. Trisomy 7 in postoperative spindle cell nodules. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 174:147-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2006.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2006] [Revised: 11/28/2006] [Accepted: 12/06/2006] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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16
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Brandal P, Bjerkehagen B, Heim S. Molecular cytogenetic characterization of tenosynovial giant cell tumors. Neoplasia 2005; 6:578-83. [PMID: 15548367 PMCID: PMC1531662 DOI: 10.1593/neo.04202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tenosynovial giant cell tumor (TSGCT) is a disease of disputed etiology and pathogenesis. Some investigations indicate a neoplastic origin of the tumors; others indicate that they are polyclonal and inflammatory. The cytogenetic and molecular genetic features of TSGCTs are largely unknown, as only some 20 localized and 30 diffuse tumors with cytogenetic aberrations have been reported. The most common karyotypic aberrations have been trisomy for chromosomes 5 and 7 and translocations involving chromosomal area 1p11-13. We decided to screen the genomes of TSGCTs by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) to perform interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (IP-FISH), looking for numerical aberrations of chromosomes 1, 5, and 7, and to analyze the tumors for microsatellite instability. Except for two diffuse TSGCTs that came fresh to us, and which, by karyotyping, exhibited t(1;22)(p13;q12) and a t(1;1)(q21;p11) and +7, respectively, all studies had to be performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded material. DNA was extracted from 51 localized and nine diffuse TSGCTs. CGH was successful for 24 tumors, but none of them showed copy number changes. The IP-FISH studies showed trisomy 7 in 56% of the tumors (15/27), whereas chromosomes 1 and 5 seemed to be disomic in all TSGCTs. All informative tumors were wild-type by microsatellite instability analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petter Brandal
- Department of Cancer Genetics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bodil Bjerkehagen
- Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sverre Heim
- Department of Cancer Genetics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Castellanos MV, Hernández JM, Ramos L, Belén González M, Gutiérrez NC, Leone PE, Lumbreras E, Robledo C, García Hernández JL. Chromosomal abnormalities are related to location and grade of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2004; 12:982-5. [PMID: 15564065 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2004.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2003] [Accepted: 08/26/2004] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the frequency of numerical aberrations of chromosomes 7, X and Y in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) by performing fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) studies on articular cartilage, and to correlate the chromosomal changes with the degree and location of articular involvement. PATIENTS Thirty-four women and 10 men with OA were included in the study. As a control group, 6 women and 5 men operated for orthopedic disorders other than OA were analyzed. METHODS FISH studies were performed on hip or knee cartilage, using two-color centromere-specific probes for chromosomes 7 & X for women and 7 & Y for men. RESULTS FISH analysis revealed that 46% of OA patients had numerical abnormalities of chromosomes 7, X or Y. An extra chromosome 7 (trisomy 7) was present in 35% of patients with chromosomal aberrations. All males with OA lost the Y chromosome while 15% of the women had loss of one chromosome X (monosomy X). Trisomy 7 was associated with hip OA (p=0.019) and advanced OA according to the Kellgren and Lawrence classification (p=0.05). None of the 11 controls showed abnormalities in the chromosomes analyzed. CONCLUSIONS FISH analysis showed the presence of numerical chromosomal abnormalities in the articular cartilage of patients with OA.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Cartilage, Articular
- Case-Control Studies
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Chromosome Deletion
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7
- Chromosomes, Human, X
- Chromosomes, Human, Y
- Female
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Osteoarthritis/genetics
- Osteoarthritis/pathology
- Osteoarthritis, Hip/genetics
- Osteoarthritis, Hip/pathology
- Osteoarthritis, Knee/genetics
- Osteoarthritis, Knee/pathology
- Trisomy
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana V Castellanos
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca & Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, Spain
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Rakheja D, Margraf LR, Tomlinson GE, Schneider NR. Hepatic mesenchymal hamartoma with translocation involving chromosome band 19q13.4: a recurrent abnormality. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 153:60-3. [PMID: 15325096 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2003.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2003] [Revised: 11/24/2003] [Accepted: 12/01/2003] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We report a case of mesenchymal hamartoma of the liver in an 8-month-old male child, in which the cytogenetic analysis revealed a balanced translocation, t(11;19)(q13;q13.4). This is the fifth description of a cytogenetic abnormality in mesenchymal hamartoma and is similar to the four cases reported previously in that one of the breakpoints involved chromosome band 19q13.4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Rakheja
- Department of Pathology, Children's Medical Center of Dallas and the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 1935 Motor Street, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
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