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Radaelli S, Merlini A, Khan M, Gronchi A. Progress in histology specific treatments in soft tissue sarcoma. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2024; 24:845-868. [PMID: 39099398 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2024.2384584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) represent a heterogenous group of rare tumors, primarily treated with surgery. Preoperative radiotherapy is often recommended for extremity high-risk STS. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy, typically based on doxorubicin with ifosfamide, has shown efficacy in limbs and trunk wall STS. Second-line chemotherapy, commonly utilized in the metastatic setting, is mostly histology-driven. Molecular targeted agents are used across various histologies, and although the use of immunotherapy in STS is still in its early stages, there is increasing interest in exploring its potential. AREAS COVERED This article involved an extensive recent search on PubMed. It explored the current treatment landscape for localized and metastatic STS, focusing on the combined use of radiotherapy and chemotherapy for both extremity and retroperitoneal tumors, and with a particular emphasis on the most innovative histopathology driven therapeutic approaches. Additionally, ongoing clinical trials identified via clinicaltrials.gov are included. EXPERT OPINION Recently there have been advancements in the treatment of STS, largely driven by the outcomes of clinical trials. However further research is imperative to comprehend the effect of chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy in various STS, as well as to identify biomarkers able to predict which patients are most likely to benefit from these treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Radaelli
- Sarcoma Service, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Merlini
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
- Department of Oncology, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Misbah Khan
- Surgery, East Sussex NHS Healthcare, East Sussex, UK
| | - Alessandro Gronchi
- Sarcoma Service, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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2
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Merlini A, Rabino M, Brusco S, Pavese V, Masci D, Sangiolo D, Bironzo P, Scagliotti GV, Novello S, D'Ambrosio L. Epigenetic determinants in soft tissue sarcomas: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2024; 28:17-28. [PMID: 38234142 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2024.2306344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Soft tissue sarcomas are a group of rare, mesenchymal tumors characterized by dismal prognosis in advanced/metastatic stages. Knowledge of their molecular determinants is still rather limited. However, in recent years, epigenetic regulation - the modification of gene expression/function without DNA sequence variation - has emerged as a key player both in sarcomagenesis and sarcoma progression. AREAS COVERED Herein, we describe and review the main epigenetic mechanisms involved in chromatin remodeling and their role as disease drivers in different soft tissue sarcoma histotypes, focusing on epithelioid sarcoma, synovial sarcoma, and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. Focusing on chromatin-remodeling complexes, we provide an in-depth on the role of BAF complex alterations in these soft tissue sarcoma histotypes. In parallel, we highlight current state-of-the-art and future perspectives in the development of rational, innovative treatments leveraging on epigenetic dysregulation in soft tissue sarcomas. EXPERT OPINION Therapeutic options for metastatic/advanced sarcomas are to date very limited and largely represented by cytotoxic agents, with only modest results. In the continuous attempt to find novel targets and innovative, effective drugs, epigenetic mechanisms represent an emerging and promising field of research, especially for malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, epithelioid and synovial sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martina Rabino
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Orbassano (TO), Italy
| | - Silvia Brusco
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Orbassano (TO), Italy
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research Royal Cancer Hospital, London, UK
| | - Valeria Pavese
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Orbassano (TO), Italy
| | - Debora Masci
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Orbassano (TO), Italy
| | - Dario Sangiolo
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Orbassano (TO), Italy
| | - Paolo Bironzo
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Orbassano (TO), Italy
- Medical Oncology, S. Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano (TO), Italy
| | - Giorgio Vittorio Scagliotti
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Orbassano (TO), Italy
- Medical Oncology, S. Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano (TO), Italy
| | - Silvia Novello
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Orbassano (TO), Italy
- Medical Oncology, S. Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano (TO), Italy
| | - Lorenzo D'Ambrosio
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Orbassano (TO), Italy
- Medical Oncology, S. Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano (TO), Italy
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Lanzi C, Arrighetti N, Pasquali S, Cassinelli G. Targeting EZH2 in SMARCB1-deficient sarcomas: Advances and opportunities to potentiate the efficacy of EZH2 inhibitors. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 215:115727. [PMID: 37541451 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) are rare mesechymal malignancies characterized by distintive molecular, histological and clinical features. Many STSs are considered as predominatly epigenetic diseases due to underlying chromatin deregulation. Discovery of deregulated functional antagonism between the chromatin remodeling BRG1/BRM-associated (BAFs) and the histone modifying Polycomb repressor complexes (PRCs) has provided novel actionable targets. In epithelioid sarcoma (ES), extracranial, extrarenal malignant rhabdoid tumors (eMRTs) and synovial sarcoma (SS), the total or partial loss of the BAF core subunit SMARCB1, driven by different alterations, is associated with PRC2 deregulation and dependency on its enzymatic subunit, EZH2. In these SMARCB1-deficient STSs, aberrant EZH2 expression and/or activity emerged as a druggable vulnerability. Although preclinical investigation supported EZH2 targeting as a promising therapeutic option, clinical studies demonstrated a variable response to EZH2 inhibitors. Actually, whereas the clinical benefit recorded in ES patients prompted the FDA approval of the EZH2 inhibitor tazemetostat, the modest and sporadic responses observed in eMRT and SS patients highlighted the need to deepen mechanistic as well as pharmacological investigations to improve drug effectiveness. We summarize the current knowledge of different mechanisms driving SMARCB1 deficiency and EZH2 deregulation in ES, eMRT and SS along with preclinical and clinical studies of EZH2-targeting agents. Possible implication of the PRC2- and enzymatic-independent functions of EZH2 and of its homolog, EZH1, in the response to anti-EZH2 agents will be discussed together with combinatorial strategies under investigation to improve the efficacy of EZH2 targeting in these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Lanzi
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Noemi Arrighetti
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Sandro Pasquali
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuliana Cassinelli
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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Soto-Castillo JJ, Llavata-Marti L, Fort-Culillas R, Andreu-Cobo P, Moreno R, Codony C, García Del Muro X, Alemany R, Piulats JM, Martin-Liberal J. SWI/SNF Complex Alterations in Tumors with Rhabdoid Features: Novel Therapeutic Approaches and Opportunities for Adoptive Cell Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11143. [PMID: 37446319 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable (SWI/SNF) chromatin-remodeling complex is one of the most remarkably altered epigenetic regulators in cancer. Pathogenic mutations in genes encoding SWI/SNF-related proteins have been recently described in many solid tumors, including rare and aggressive malignancies with rhabdoid features with no standard therapies in advanced or metastatic settings. In recent years, clinical trials with targeted drugs aimed at restoring its function have shown discouraging results. However, preclinical data have found an association between these epigenetic alterations and response to immune therapy. Thus, the rationale for immunotherapy strategies in SWI/SNF complex alteration-related tumors is strong. Here, we review the SWI/SNF complex and how its dysfunction drives the oncogenesis of rhabdoid tumors and the proposed strategies to revert this alteration and promising novel therapeutic approaches, including immune checkpoint inhibition and adoptive cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan José Soto-Castillo
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), 08908 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Lucía Llavata-Marti
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), 17007 Girona, Spain
| | - Roser Fort-Culillas
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), 17007 Girona, Spain
| | - Pablo Andreu-Cobo
- Medical Oncology Department, Parc Tauli Hospital Universitari, 08208 Sabadell, Spain
| | - Rafael Moreno
- Cancer Immunotherapy Group, iPROCURE Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), 08908 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Carles Codony
- Cancer Immunotherapy Group, iPROCURE Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), 08908 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Xavier García Del Muro
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), 08908 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Ramon Alemany
- Cancer Immunotherapy Group, iPROCURE Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), 08908 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Josep M Piulats
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), 08908 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Cancer Immunotherapy Group, iPROCURE Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), 08908 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Juan Martin-Liberal
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), 08908 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
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Wang S, Hu M, Song D, Tang L, Jiang H. Research progress on the role and mechanism of miR-671 in bone metabolism and bone-related diseases. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1018308. [PMID: 36713572 PMCID: PMC9876598 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1018308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone metabolism consists of bone formation and resorption and maintains a dynamic balance in vivo. When bone homeostasis is broken, it can manifest as osteoarthritis (OA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteosarcoma (OS), etc. MiR-671, an important class of non-coding nucleotide sequences in vivo, is regulated by lncRNA and regulates bone metabolism balance by regulating downstream target proteins and activating various signaling pathways. Based on the structure and primary function of miR-671, this paper summarizes the effect and mechanism of miR-671 in bone-related inflammation and cancer diseases, and prospects the application possibility of miR-671, providing reference information for targeted therapy of bone-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaotai Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, China
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, China,*Correspondence: Min Hu, ; Huan Jiang,
| | - Dongsheng Song
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, China
| | - Linjun Tang
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Huan Jiang
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, China,*Correspondence: Min Hu, ; Huan Jiang,
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Askari A, Hussen BM, Rasul MF, Hatamian S, Taheri M, Kiani A. A review on the role of miR-671 in human disorders. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1077968. [PMID: 36545507 PMCID: PMC9760869 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1077968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
miR-671 is encoded by a gene on 7q36.1 and contributes to the pathogenesis of a variety of disorders, including diverse types of cancers, atherosclerosis, ischemic stroke, liver fibrosis, osteoarthritis, Parkinson's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, acute myocardial infarction and Crohn's disease. In the context of cancer, different studies have revealed opposite roles for this miRNA. In brief, it has been shown to be down-regulated in pancreatic ductal carcinoma, ovarian cancer, gastric cancer, osteosarcoma, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and myelodysplastic syndromes. Yet, miR-671 has been up-regulated in glioma, colorectal cancer, prostate cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. Studies in breast, lung and renal cell carcinoma have reported inconsistent results. The current review aims at summarization of the role of miR-671 in these disorders focusing on its target mRNA in each context and dysregulated signaling pathways. We also provide a summary of the role of this miRNA as a prognostic factor in malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arian Askari
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cihan University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq,Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Mohammed Fatih Rasul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Basic Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tishk International University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Sevak Hatamian
- Department of Anesthesia, Shahid Madani Hospital, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany,*Correspondence: Mohammad Taheri, ; Arda Kiani,
| | - Arda Kiani
- Tracheal Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,*Correspondence: Mohammad Taheri, ; Arda Kiani,
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7
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Dermawan JK, Singer S, Tap WD, Nacev BA, Chi P, Wexler LH, Ortiz MV, Gounder M, Antonescu CR. The genetic landscape of SMARCB1 alterations in SMARCB1-deficient spectrum of mesenchymal neoplasms. Mod Pathol 2022; 35:1900-1909. [PMID: 36088476 PMCID: PMC9712236 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-022-01148-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
SMARCB1 biallelic inactivation resulting in SMARCB1/INI1 deficiency drives a wide range of malignancies, including many mesenchymal tumors. However, the specific types of SMARCB1 alterations and spectrum of cooperating mutations among various types of sarcomas has not been well investigated. We profiled SMARCB1 genetic alterations by targeted DNA sequencing and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in a large cohort of 118 soft tissue and bone tumors, including SMARCB1-deficient sarcomas (78, 66%): epithelioid sarcomas, epithelioid peripheral nerve sheath tumors, poorly differentiated chordomas, malignant rhabdoid tumors, and soft tissue myoepithelial tumors, as well as non-SMARCB1-deficient sarcomas (40, 34%) with various SMARCB1 genetic alterations (mutations, copy number alterations). SMARCB1 loss by immunohistochemistry was present in 94% SMARCB1 pathogenic cases. By combined sequencing and FISH assays, 80% of SMARCB1-deficient tumors harbored homozygous (biallelic) SMARCB1 loss, while 14% demonstrated heterozygous SMARCB1 loss-of-function (LOF) alterations, and 6% showed no demonstrable SMARCB1 alterations. FISH and sequencing were concordant in the ability to detect SMARCB1 loss in 48% of cases. Epithelioid sarcomas most commonly (75%) harbored homozygous deletions, while a subset showed focal intragenic deletions or LOF mutations (nonsense, frameshift). In contrast, most soft tissue myoepithelial tumors (83%) harbored SMARCB1 nonsense point mutations without copy number losses. Additionally, clinically significant, recurrent co-occurring genetic events were rare regardless of histotype. By sequencing, extended 22q copy number loss in genes flanking the SMARCB1 locus (22q11.23) occurred in one-third of epithelioid sarcomas and the majority of poorly differentiated chordomas. Poorly differentiated chordomas and soft tissue myoepithelial tumors showed significantly worse overall and disease-free survival compared to epithelioid sarcomas. Overall, SMARCB1 LOF alterations predominate and account for SMARCB1 protein loss in most cases: majority being biallelic but a subset were heterozygous. In contrast, SMARCB1 alterations of uncertain significance can be seen in diverse sarcomas types and does not indicate a SMARCB1-deficient entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine K Dermawan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samuel Singer
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - William D Tap
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin A Nacev
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ping Chi
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leonard H Wexler
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael V Ortiz
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mrinal Gounder
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cristina R Antonescu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Del Savio E, Maestro R. Beyond SMARCB1 Loss: Recent Insights into the Pathobiology of Epithelioid Sarcoma. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172626. [PMID: 36078034 PMCID: PMC9454995 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelioid sarcoma (ES) is a very rare and aggressive mesenchymal tumor of unclear origin and uncertain lineage characterized by a prevalent epithelioid morphology. The only recurrent genetic alteration reported in ES as yet is the functional inactivation of SMARCB1 (SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily B member 1), a key component of the SWI/SNF (SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable) chromatin remodeling complexes. How SMARCB1 deficiency dictates the clinicopathological characteristics of ES and what other molecular defects concur to its malignant progression is still poorly understood. This review summarizes the recent findings about ES pathobiology, including defects in chromatin remodeling and other signaling pathways and their role as therapeutic vulnerabilities.
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Zhang P, Li X, Huang L, Hu F, Niu X, Sun Y, Yao W. Association between microRNA 671 polymorphisms and the susceptibility to soft tissue sarcomas in a Chinese population. Front Oncol 2022; 12:960269. [PMID: 36016604 PMCID: PMC9396023 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.960269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the association between the microRNA (miRNA) gene polymorphisms and the susceptibility to soft tissue sarcomas (STSs). In this case–control study, DNA was extracted from leukocytes in peripheral blood, which was collected from 169 STSs patients and 170 healthy controls. Three SNPs for miR-210, five SNPs for miR-206, two SNPs for miR-485, two SNPs for miR-34b, two SNPs for miR-671, and three SNPs for miR-381 were investigated and genotyped using a Sequenom Mass ARRAY matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry platform. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the association between miRNA gene polymorphisms and the susceptibility to STSs. The results showed that miR-671 rs1870238 GC + CC (OR = 1.963, 95% CI = 1.258–3.064, P = 0.003) and miR-671 rs2446065 CG + GG (OR =1.838, 95% CI = 1.178–2.868, P = 0.007) may be genetic risk factors for STSs after adjustment for age and smoking. Therefore, this study suggests that individuals carrying the GC + CC genotype for miR-671 rs1870238 or the CG + GG genotype for miR-671 rs2446065 are susceptible to STSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Cancer, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Peng Zhang,
| | - Xinling Li
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lingling Huang
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Cancer, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fulan Hu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoying Niu
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Cancer, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Weitao Yao
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Cancer, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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Drabent P, Fraitag S. Malignant Superficial Mesenchymal Tumors in Children. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092160. [PMID: 35565289 PMCID: PMC9104419 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant superficial mesenchymal tumors are a very diverse group of neoplasms with few clinical and radiological discriminatory factors. Hence, some of these cancers are rarely suspected based on clinical and radiological grounds, others may be easily misdiagnosed, and the histological analysis of a biopsy or resection is central in the diagnostic process. In children, the age at presentation is a major element of the differential diagnosis. Some tumors have a very distinct epidemiology, while others may be seen at any age. More recently, the advances in molecular biology have greatly improved the diagnosis of mesenchymal tumors and new entities are still being described. In the present review, we provide an overview of the diversity of malignant superficial mesenchymal tumors in children, including new and/or rare entities. We discuss the important diagnostic features, be they clinical, histological, or molecular. Special attention was given to the genetic features of these tumors, particularly when they were helpful for the diagnosis or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Drabent
- Department of Pathology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, APHP, 75015 Paris, France;
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Fraitag
- Department of Pathology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, APHP, 75015 Paris, France;
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris, 75005 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
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Peng X, Mo Y, Liu J, Liu H, Wang S. Identification and Validation of miRNA-TF-mRNA Regulatory Networks in Uterine Fibroids. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:856745. [PMID: 35392402 PMCID: PMC8981149 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.856745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine fibroids (UF) are the most common benign gynecologic tumors and lead to heavy menstrual bleeding, severe anemia, abdominal pain, and infertility, which seriously harm a women’s health. Unfortunately, the regulatory mechanisms of UF have not been elucidated. Recent studies have demonstrated that miRNAs play a vital role in the development of uterine fibroids. As a high-throughput technology, microarray is utilized to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and miRNAs (DEMs) between UF and myometrium. We identified 373 candidate DEGs and the top 100 DEMs. Function enrichment analysis showed that candidate DEGs were mainly enriched in biological adhesion, locomotion and cell migration, and collagen-containing extracellular matrix. Subsequently, protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks are constructed to analyze the functional interaction between DEGs and screen hub DEGs. Subsequently, the expression levels of hub DEGs were validated by real-time PCR of clinical UF samples. The DGIdb database was used to select candidate drugs for hub DEGs. Molecular docking was applied to test the affinity between proteins and drugs. Furthermore, target genes for 100 candidate DEMs were predicted by miRwalk3.0. After overlapping with 373 candidate DEGs, 28 differentially expressed target genes (DEGTs) were obtained. A miRNA-mRNA network was constructed to investigate the interactions between miRNA and mRNA. Additionally, two miRNAs (hsa-miR-381-3p and hsa-miR-181b-5p) were identified as hub DEMs and validated through RT-PCR. In order to better elucidate the pathogenesis of UF and the synergistic effect between miRNA and transcription factor (TF), we constructed a miRNA-TF-mRNA regulatory network. Meanwhile, in vitro results suggested that dysregulated hub DEMs were associated with the proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of UF cells. Our findings provided a novel horizon to reveal the internal mechanism and novel targets for the diagnosis and treatment of UF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Peng
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanqun Mo
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Junliang Liu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huining Liu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Huining Liu, ; Shuo Wang,
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Huining Liu, ; Shuo Wang,
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Immunotherapy for SMARCB1-Deficient Sarcomas: Current Evidence and Future Developments. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030650. [PMID: 35327458 PMCID: PMC8945563 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in subunits of the SWItch Sucrose Non-Fermentable (SWI/SNF) complex occur in 20% of all human tumors. Among these, the core subunit SMARCB1 is the most frequently mutated, and SMARCB1 loss represents a founder driver event in several malignancies, such as malignant rhabdoid tumors (MRT), epithelioid sarcoma, poorly differentiated chordoma, and renal medullary carcinoma (RMC). Intriguingly, SMARCB1-deficient pediatric MRT and RMC have recently been reported to be immunogenic, despite their very simple genome and low tumor mutational burden. Responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors have further been reported in some SMARCB1-deficient diseases. Here, we will review the preclinical data and clinical data that suggest that immunotherapy, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for SMARCB1-defective tumors. We notably discuss the heterogeneity that exists among the spectrum of malignancies driven by SMARCB1-loss, and highlight challenges that are at stake for developing a personalized immunotherapy for these tumors, notably using molecular profiling of the tumor and of its microenvironment.
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13
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Guo T, Wei R, Dean D, Hornicek F, Duan Z. SMARCB1 expression is a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for osteosarcoma. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:BSR20212446. [PMID: 34984436 PMCID: PMC8753343 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20212446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although weak SWI/SNF related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily B member 1 (SMARCB1) expression is a known diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in several malignancies, its expression and clinical significance in osteosarcoma remain unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate SMARCB1 expression in osteosarcoma and its clinical significance with respect to chemosensitivity and prognosis. METHODS We obtained 114 specimens from 70 osteosarcoma patients to construct a tissue microarray (TMA) and assess SMARCB1 protein expression via immunohistochemistry (IHC). The mRNA expression of SMARCB1 was in-silico analyzed using open-access RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and clinicopathological data provided by the Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments on Osteosarcoma (TARGET-OS) project. The correlations between SMARCB1 expression and clinical features were statistically analyzed. RESULTS Weak SMARCB1 expression occurred in 70% of the osteosarcoma patient specimens in the TMA, and significantly correlated with poor neoadjuvant response as well as shorter overall and progression-free survival (PFS). In addition, mRNA in-silico analysis confirmed that SMARCB1 expression correlates with chemotherapeutic response and prognosis in osteosarcoma patients. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, the present study is the first to analyze SMARCB1 expression in osteosarcoma. SMARCB1 may serve as a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Guo
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, and The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine. Address: Papanicolaou Cancer Research Building, 1550 NW. 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, U.S.A
| | - Ran Wei
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, and The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine. Address: Papanicolaou Cancer Research Building, 1550 NW. 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, U.S.A
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Peking University People’s Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Dylan C. Dean
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, and The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine. Address: Papanicolaou Cancer Research Building, 1550 NW. 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, U.S.A
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine at University of Southern California (USC), USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1441 Eastlake Ave, NTT 3449, Los Angeles, CA 90033, U.S.A
| | - Francis J. Hornicek
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, and The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine. Address: Papanicolaou Cancer Research Building, 1550 NW. 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, U.S.A
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, and The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine. Address: Papanicolaou Cancer Research Building, 1550 NW. 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, U.S.A
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Sha H, Gan Y, Xu F, Zhu Y, Zou R, Peng W, Wu Z, Ma R, Wu J, Feng J. MicroRNA-381 in human cancer: Its involvement in tumour biology and clinical applications potential. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:977-989. [PMID: 35014178 PMCID: PMC8831973 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non‐coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post‐transcriptional level. MiRNAs are involved in the development and progression of a wide range of cancers. Among such cancer‐associated miRNAs, miR‐381 has been a major focus of research. The expression pattern and role of miR‐381 vary among different cancer types. MiR‐381 modulates various cellular behaviours in cancer, including proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle progression, migration and invasion. MiR‐381 is also involved in angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, as well as in the resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. MiR‐381 itself is regulated by several factors, such as long noncoding RNAs, circular RNAs and cytokines. Aberrant expression of miR‐381 in blood samples indicates that it can be used as a diagnostic marker in cancer. Tissue miR‐381 expression may serve as a prognostic factor for the clinicopathological characteristics of cancers and survival of patients. Metformin and icaritin regulate miR‐381 expression and present anticancer properties. This review comprehensively summarizes the effect of miR‐381 on tumour biological behaviours, as well as the clinical application potential of miR‐381 for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Sha
- Department of Chemotherapy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yujie Gan
- Department of Chemotherapy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Yue Zhu
- Department of Chemotherapy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Renrui Zou
- Department of Chemotherapy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiwei Peng
- Department of Chemotherapy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiya Wu
- Department of Chemotherapy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rong Ma
- Department of Chemotherapy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianzhong Wu
- Department of Chemotherapy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jifeng Feng
- Department of Chemotherapy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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15
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Zhou L, Wang H, Fang Z, Zhong M, He Y, Zou J, Huang S, Li J, Xiang X, Fang Z. The microRNA-381(miR-381)/Spindlin1(SPIN1) axis contributes to cell proliferation and invasion of colorectal cancer cells by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Bioengineered 2021; 12:12036-12048. [PMID: 34753384 PMCID: PMC8810024 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2003663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Our study aimed to investigate the clinical significance and biological functions of Spindlin1 (SPIN1) in colorectal cancer (CRC) tumorigenesis and progression, as well as the mechanism underlying its upregulation. The expression of SPIN1 was detected by immunohistochemistry and western blotting assays. Bioinformatics prediction and dual-luciferase reporter assays were used to determine whether microRNA-381 (miR-381) could target SPIN1. A series of cell functional experiments were performed to investigate whether the miR-381-mediated regulation of SPIN1 is involved in the progression and aggressiveness of CRC cells via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Our results showed that SPIN1 is frequently overexpressed in CRC tissues and cell lines, and its upregulation is positively correlated with disease progression and lymph node metastasis. Moreover, SPIN1 depletion suppresses cell growth, migration, and invasion through inactivation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which recapitulates the effects of miR-381 upregulation. Moreover, SPIN1 is a target gene of miR-381, and miR-381 is downregulated in CRC. Furthermore, the reintroduction of SPIN1 partially abolished the miR-381-mediated inhibitory effects in CRC cells. In summary, our data revealed that the miR-381/SPIN1 axis greatly contributes to CRC tumorigenesis by orchestrating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, thereby representing actionable therapeutic targets for colorectal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhou
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1519 Dongyue Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Heng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1519 Dongyue Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Fang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1519 Dongyue Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhong
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1519 Dongyue Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Yan He
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1519 Dongyue Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Jianping Zou
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1519 Dongyue Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Huang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1519 Dongyue Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Junhe Li
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1519 Dongyue Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojun Xiang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1519 Dongyue Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Ziling Fang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1519 Dongyue Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
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Pillozzi S, Bernini A, Palchetti I, Crociani O, Antonuzzo L, Campanacci D, Scoccianti G. Soft Tissue Sarcoma: An Insight on Biomarkers at Molecular, Metabolic and Cellular Level. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13123044. [PMID: 34207243 PMCID: PMC8233868 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13123044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Soft tissue sarcoma is a rare mesenchymal malignancy. Despite the advancements in the fields of radiology, pathology and surgery, these tumors often recur locally and/or with metastatic disease. STS is considered to be a diagnostic challenge due to the large variety of histological subtypes with clinical and histopathological characteristics which are not always distinct. One of the important clinical problems is a lack of useful biomarkers. Therefore, the discovery of biomarkers that can be used to detect tumors or predict tumor response to chemotherapy or radiotherapy could help clinicians provide more effective clinical management. Abstract Soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) are a heterogeneous group of rare tumors. Although constituting only 1% of all human malignancies, STSs represent the second most common type of solid tumors in children and adolescents and comprise an important group of secondary malignancies. Over 100 histologic subtypes have been characterized to date (occurring predominantly in the trunk, extremity, and retroperitoneum), and many more are being discovered due to molecular profiling. STS mortality remains high, despite adjuvant chemotherapy. New prognostic stratification markers are needed to help identify patients at risk of recurrence and possibly apply more intensive or novel treatments. Recent scientific advancements have enabled a more precise molecular characterization of sarcoma subtypes and revealed novel therapeutic targets and prognostic/predictive biomarkers. This review aims at providing a comprehensive overview of the most relevant cellular, molecular and metabolic biomarkers for STS, and highlight advances in STS-related biomarker research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Pillozzi
- Medical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrea Bernini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Ilaria Palchetti
- Department of Chemistry Ugo Schiff, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy;
| | - Olivia Crociani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy;
| | - Lorenzo Antonuzzo
- Medical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy;
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy;
| | - Domenico Campanacci
- Department of Health Science, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy;
| | - Guido Scoccianti
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Florence, Careggi University Hospital, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy;
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Simeone N, Frezza AM, Zaffaroni N, Stacchiotti S. Tazemetostat for advanced epithelioid sarcoma: current status and future perspectives. Future Oncol 2020; 17:1253-1263. [PMID: 33289402 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2020-0781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelioid sarcoma (ES) is an aggressive ultra-rare soft-tissue sarcoma marked by SMARCB1/INI1 deficiency. SMARCB1/INI1 deficiency leads to elevated expression of EZH2, a component of polycomb repressive complex 2, which mediates gene silencing by catalyzing H3K27me3. Tazemetostat is an oral, SAM-competitive inhibitor of EZH2, whose blockade prevents the methylation of histone H3K27, thus decreasing the growth of EZH2 mutated or over-expressing cancer cells. Tazemetostat has been approved for the treatment of patients aged 16 years and older with metastatic or advanced ES not eligible for complete resection, based on the positive results of a single-arm Phase II basket study. Tazemetostat though represents a new treatment option for ES patients, although clinical/molecular predictors of response are still to be identified. The combination of tazemetostat with other drugs like doxorubicin and immunotherapeutic agents is currently under investigation in ES patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Simeone
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Frezza
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Nadia Zaffaroni
- Department of Experimental Oncology & Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Silvia Stacchiotti
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, 20133, Italy
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18
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Zeng X, Cao Z, Luo W, Zheng L, Zhang T. MicroRNA-381-A Key Transcriptional Regulator: Its Biological Function and Clinical Application Prospects in Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:535665. [PMID: 33324542 PMCID: PMC7726430 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.535665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that function by regulating messenger RNAs. Recent studies have shown that miRNAs play important roles in multiple processes of cancer development. MiR-381 is one of the most important miRNAs in cancer progression. MiR-381 is downregulated in some cancers and upregulated in other cancers, including glioma, epithelial sarcoma, and osteosarcoma. MiR-381 regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), chemotherapeutic resistance, radioresistance, and immune responses. Thus, miR-381 participates in tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. Moreover, miR-381 functions in various oncogenic pathways, including the Wnt/β-catenin, AKT, and p53 pathways. Clinical studies have shown that miR-381 could be considered a biomarker or a novel prognostic factor. Here, we summarize the present studies on the role of miR-381 in cancer development, including its biogenesis and various affected signaling pathways, and its clinical application prospects. MiR-381 expression is associated with tumor stage and survival time, making miR-381 a novel prognostic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zeng
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhao Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lianfang Zheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Taiping Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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19
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Gounder M, Schöffski P, Jones RL, Agulnik M, Cote GM, Villalobos VM, Attia S, Chugh R, Chen TWW, Jahan T, Loggers ET, Gupta A, Italiano A, Demetri GD, Ratan R, Davis LE, Mir O, Dileo P, Van Tine BA, Pressey JG, Lingaraj T, Rajarethinam A, Sierra L, Agarwal S, Stacchiotti S. Tazemetostat in advanced epithelioid sarcoma with loss of INI1/SMARCB1: an international, open-label, phase 2 basket study. Lancet Oncol 2020; 21:1423-1432. [PMID: 33035459 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(20)30451-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelioid sarcoma is a rare and aggressive soft-tissue sarcoma subtype. Over 90% of tumours have lost INI1 expression, leading to oncogenic dependence on the transcriptional repressor EZH2. In this study, we report the clinical activity and safety of tazemetostat, an oral selective EZH2 inhibitor, in patients with epithelioid sarcoma. METHODS In this open-label, phase 2 basket study, patients were enrolled from 32 hospitals and clinics in Australia, Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Taiwan, the USA, and the UK into seven cohorts of patients with different INI1-negative solid tumours or synovial sarcoma. Patients eligible for the epithelioid sarcoma cohort (cohort 5) were aged 16 years or older with histologically confirmed, locally advanced or metastatic epithelioid sarcoma; documented loss of INI1 expression by immunohistochemical analysis or biallelic SMARCB1 (the gene that encodes INI1) alterations, or both; and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status score of 0-2. Patients received 800 mg tazemetostat orally twice per day in continuous 28-day cycles until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or withdrawal of consent. The primary endpoint was investigator-assessed objective response rate measured according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, version 1.1. Secondary endpoints were duration of response, disease control rate at 32 weeks, progression-free survival, overall survival, and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analyses (primary results reported elsewhere). Time to response was also assessed as an exploratory endpoint. Activity and safety were assessed in the modified intention-to-treat population (ie, patients who received one or more doses of tazemetostat). This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02601950, and is ongoing. FINDINGS Between Dec 22, 2015, and July 7, 2017, 62 patients with epithelioid sarcoma were enrolled in the study and deemed eligible for inclusion in this cohort. All 62 patients were included in the modified intention-to-treat analysis. Nine (15% [95% CI 7-26]) of 62 patients had an objective response at data cutoff (Sept 17, 2018). At a median follow-up of 13·8 months (IQR 7·8-19·0), median duration of response was not reached (95% CI 9·2-not estimable). 16 (26% [95% CI 16-39]) patients had disease control at 32 weeks. Median time to response was 3·9 months (IQR 1·9-7·4). Median progression-free survival was 5·5 months (95% CI 3·4-5·9), and median overall survival was 19·0 months (11·0-not estimable). Grade 3 or worse treatment-related adverse events included anaemia (four [6%]) and weight loss (two [3%]). Treatment-related serious adverse events occurred in two patients (one seizure and one haemoptysis). There were no treatment-related deaths. INTERPRETATION Tazemetostat was well tolerated and showed clinical activity in this cohort of patients with advanced epithelioid sarcoma characterised by loss of INI1/SMARCB1. Tazemetostat has the potential to improve outcomes in patients with advanced epithelioid sarcoma. A phase 1b/3 trial of tazemetostat plus doxorubicin in the front-line setting is currently underway (NCT04204941). FUNDING Epizyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinal Gounder
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Patrick Schöffski
- Department of General Medical Oncology, and Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robin L Jones
- Royal Marsden Hospital and Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Mark Agulnik
- Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gregory M Cote
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Victor M Villalobos
- Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA; Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Spring House, PA, USA
| | | | - Rashmi Chugh
- University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tom Wei-Wu Chen
- National Taiwan University Hospital and Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Thierry Jahan
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Abha Gupta
- The Hospital for Sick Children and Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - George D Demetri
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Ludwig Center at Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Lara E Davis
- Oregon Health & Science University, Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Olivier Mir
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Institute, Paris, France
| | - Palma Dileo
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Brian A Van Tine
- School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joseph G Pressey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Laura Sierra
- Epizyme, Cambridge, MA, USA; Bristol Myers Squibb, Cambridge, MA, USA
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20
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Nacev BA, Jones KB, Intlekofer AM, Yu JSE, Allis CD, Tap WD, Ladanyi M, Nielsen TO. The epigenomics of sarcoma. Nat Rev Cancer 2020; 20:608-623. [PMID: 32782366 PMCID: PMC8380451 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-020-0288-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation is critical to physiological control of development, cell fate, cell proliferation, genomic integrity and, fundamentally, transcriptional regulation. This epigenetic control occurs at multiple levels including through DNA methylation, histone modification, nucleosome remodelling and modulation of the 3D chromatin structure. Alterations in genes that encode chromatin regulators are common among mesenchymal neoplasms, a collection of more than 160 tumour types including over 60 malignant variants (sarcomas) that have unique and varied genetic, biological and clinical characteristics. Herein, we review those sarcomas in which chromatin pathway alterations drive disease biology. Specifically, we emphasize examples of dysregulation of each level of epigenetic control though mechanisms that include alterations in metabolic enzymes that regulate DNA methylation and histone post-translational modifications, mutations in histone genes, subunit loss or fusions in chromatin remodelling and modifying complexes, and disruption of higher-order chromatin structure. Epigenetic mechanisms of tumorigenesis have been implicated in mesenchymal tumours ranging from chondroblastoma and giant cell tumour of bone to chondrosarcoma, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour, synovial sarcoma, epithelioid sarcoma and Ewing sarcoma - all diseases that present in a younger patient population than most cancers. Finally, we review current and potential future approaches for the development of sarcoma therapies based on this emerging understanding of chromatin dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Nacev
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- The Laboratory of Chromatin Biology and Epigenetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kevin B Jones
- Department of Orthopaedics, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Andrew M Intlekofer
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jamie S E Yu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - C David Allis
- The Laboratory of Chromatin Biology and Epigenetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - William D Tap
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marc Ladanyi
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Torsten O Nielsen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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21
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Pearson AD, Stegmaier K, Bourdeaut F, Reaman G, Heenen D, Meyers ML, Armstrong SA, Brown P, De Carvalho D, Jabado N, Marshall L, Rivera M, Smith M, Adamson PC, Barone A, Baumann C, Blackman S, Buenger V, Donoghue M, Duncan AD, Fox E, Gadbaw B, Hattersley M, Ho P, Jacobs I, Kelly MJ, Kieran M, Lesa G, Ligas F, Ludwinski D, McDonough J, Nikolova Z, Norga K, Senderowicz A, Taube T, Weiner S, Karres D, Vassal G. Paediatric Strategy Forum for medicinal product development of epigenetic modifiers for children: ACCELERATE in collaboration with the European Medicines Agency with participation of the Food and Drug Administration. Eur J Cancer 2020; 139:135-148. [PMID: 32992153 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2020.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The fifth multistakeholder Paediatric Strategy Forum focussed on epigenetic modifier therapies for children and adolescents with cancer. As most mutations in paediatric malignancies influence chromatin-associated proteins or transcription and paediatric cancers are driven by developmental gene expression programs, targeting epigenetic mechanisms is predicted to be a very important therapeutic approach in paediatric cancer. The Research to Accelerate Cures and Equity (RACE) for Children Act FDARA amendments to section 505B of the FD&C Act was implemented in August 2020, and as there are many epigenetic targets on the FDA Paediatric Molecular Targets List, clinical evaluation of epigenetic modifiers in paediatric cancers should be considered early in drug development. Companies are also required to submit to the EMA paediatric investigation plans aiming to ensure that the necessary data to support the authorisation of a medicine for children in EU are of high quality and ethically researched. The specific aims of the forum were i) to identify epigenetic targets or mechanisms of action associated with epigenetic modification relevant to paediatric cancers and ii) to define the landscape for paediatric drug development of epigenetic modifier therapies. DNA methyltransferase inhibitors/hypomethylating agents and histone deacetylase inhibitors were largely excluded from discussion as the aim was to discuss those targets for which therapeutic agents are currently in early paediatric and adult development. Epigenetics is an evolving field and could be highly relevant to many paediatric cancers; the biology is multifaceted and new targets are frequently emerging. Targeting epigenetic mechanisms in paediatric malignancy has in most circumstances yet to reach or extend beyond clinical proof of concept, as many targets do not yet have available investigational drugs developed. Eight classes of medicinal products were discussed and prioritised based on the existing level of science to support early evaluation in children: inhibitors of menin, DOT1L, EZH2, EED, BET, PRMT5 and LSD1 and a retinoic acid receptor alpha agonist. Menin inhibitors should be moved rapidly into paediatric development, in view of their biological rationale, strong preclinical activity and ability to fulfil an unmet clinical need. A combination approach is critical for successful utilisation of any epigenetic modifiers (e.g. EZH2 and EED) and exploration of the optimum combination(s) should be supported by preclinical research and, where possible, molecular biomarker validation in advance of clinical translation. A follow-up multistakeholder meeting focussing on BET inhibitors will be held to define how to prioritise the multiple compounds in clinical development that could be evaluated in children with cancer. As epigenetic modifiers are relatively early in development in paediatrics, there is a clear opportunity to shape the landscape of therapies targeting the epigenome in order that efficient and optimum plans for their evaluation in children and adolescents are developed in a timely manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lynley Marshall
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust/Institute of Cancer Research, UK
| | | | | | - Peter C Adamson
- Sanofi US, Emeritus Professor of Paediatrics and Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Giovanni Lesa
- Paediatric Medicines Office, Scientific Evidence Generation Department, Human Medicines Division, European Medicines Agency (EMA), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Franca Ligas
- Paediatric Medicines Office, Scientific Evidence Generation Department, Human Medicines Division, European Medicines Agency (EMA), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Koen Norga
- Antwerp University Hospital, Paediatric Committee of the European Medicines Agency, Federal Agency for Medicines and Health Products, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Dominik Karres
- Paediatric Medicines Office, Scientific Evidence Generation Department, Human Medicines Division, European Medicines Agency (EMA), Amsterdam, Netherlands
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22
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Dogan S, Cotzia P, Ptashkin RN, Nanjangud GJ, Xu B, Momeni Boroujeni A, Cohen MA, Pfister DG, Prasad ML, Antonescu CR, Chen Y, Gounder MM. Genetic basis of SMARCB1 protein loss in 22 sinonasal carcinomas. Hum Pathol 2020; 104:105-116. [PMID: 32818509 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
SMARCB1-deficient sinonasal carcinoma (SNC) is an aggressive malignancy characterized by INI1 loss mostly owing to homozygous SMARCB1 deletion. With the exception of a few reported cases, these tumors have not been thoroughly studied by massive parallel sequencing (MPS). A retrospective cohort of 22 SMARCB1-deficient SNCs were studied by light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, fluorescence in situ hybridization (n = 9), targeted exome MPS (n = 12), and Fraction and Allele-Specific Copy Number Estimates from Tumor Sequencing (FACETS) (n = 10), a bioinformatics pipeline for copy number/zygosity assessment. SMARCB1-deficient SNC was found in 13 (59%) men and 9 (41%) women. Most common growth patterns were the basaloid pattern (59%), occurring mostly in men (77%), and plasmacytoid/eosinophilic/rhabdoid pattern (23%), arising mostly in women (80%). The former group was significantly younger (median age = 46 years, range = 24-54, vs 79 years, range = 66-95, p < 0.0001). Clear cell, pseudoglandular, glandular, spindle cell, and sarcomatoid features were variably present. SMARCB1-deficient SNC expressed cytokeratin (100%), p63 (72%), neuroendocrine markers (52%), CDX-2 (44%), S-100 (25%), CEA (4/4 cases), Hepatocyte (2/2 cases), and aberrant nuclear β-catenin (1/1 case). SMARCB1 showed homozygous deletion (68%), hemizygous deletion (16%), or truncating mutations associated with copy neutral loss of heterozygosity (11%). Coexisting genetic alterations were 22q loss including loss of NF2 and CHEK2 (50%), chromosome 7 gain (25%), and TP53 V157F, CDKN2A W110∗, and CTNNB1 S45F mutations. At 2 years and 5 years, the disease-specific survival and disease-free survival were 70% and 35% and 13% and 0%, respectively. SMARCB1-deficient SNCs are phenotypically and genetically diverse, and these distinctions warrant further investigation for their biological and clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snjezana Dogan
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Paolo Cotzia
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Ryan N Ptashkin
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Gouri J Nanjangud
- Molecular Cytogenetics, Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Amir Momeni Boroujeni
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Marc A Cohen
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - David G Pfister
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 10065, USA
| | - Manju L Prasad
- Department of Pathology, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Cristina R Antonescu
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Yingbei Chen
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Mrinal M Gounder
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 10065, USA; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
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23
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Malgulwar PB, Kakkar A, Sharma MC, Ghosh R, Pathak P, Sarkar C, Suri V, Singh M, Kale SS, Faruq M. Loss of SMARCB1/INI1 Immunoexpression in Chordoid Meningiomas. Neurol India 2020; 67:1492-1497. [PMID: 31857543 DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.273647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Chordoid meningiomas have an aggressive clinical course characterized by frequent recurrences. Recent whole-genome sequencing studies demonstrated Chr22 loss in chordoid meningiomas not accounted for by NF2 mutations. SMARCB1/INI1 is a candidate gene on Chr22, which has not been analyzed extensively in meningiomas. AKT1 mutation has been recently identified to be a driver of meningiomagenesis. Materials and Methods Cases of chordoid meningioma were retrieved along with meningiomas of other subtypes for comparison. INI1 immunohistochemistry was performed. SMARCB1 and AKT1 were analyzed by sequencing. Results Sixteen chordoid meningiomas were identified (1.1% of all meningiomas). Six cases (37.5%) showed loss of INI1 immunoexpression. All other meningioma subtypes (n = 16) retained INI1 immunoexpression. AKT1 E17K mutation was identified in one case (16.7%). Notably, SMARCB1 mutations were not identified in any of the chordoid meningiomas analyzed, including those showing INI1 loss immunohistochemically. Conclusion This is the first study to demonstrate loss of SMARCB1/INI1 immunoexpression in chordoid meningiomas, adding to the tumors with INI1 loss. However, in absence of INI1 mutation, mechanisms for INI1 loss require further evaluation. Identification of AKT1 mutation opens up new avenues for targeted therapy in patients with such aggressive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prit B Malgulwar
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Aanchal Kakkar
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Mehar C Sharma
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ranajoy Ghosh
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pankaj Pathak
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Chitra Sarkar
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vaishali Suri
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Manmohan Singh
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shashank S Kale
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammed Faruq
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology-Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, India
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24
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Daneshmandpour Y, Bahmanpour Z, Hamzeiy H, Mazaheri Moghaddam M, Mazaheri Moghaddam M, Khademi B, Sakhinia E. MicroRNAs association with azoospermia, oligospermia, asthenozoospermia, and teratozoospermia: a systematic review. J Assist Reprod Genet 2020; 37:763-775. [PMID: 32189180 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-019-01674-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Infertility is a major health problem across the world. One of the main reasons for male infertility are defects in sperm. Semen analysis is the most common test utilized to evaluate male fertility and since it suffers from multiple drawbacks, reproduction scientists have tried to find new molecular markers for detecting sperm defects. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small molecules in cells which take part in regulating gene expression. Various studies have confirmed miRNAs to have a role in defining multiple sperm characteristics, including sperm count, motility, and morphology. In this paper, we have systematically reviewed the role of miRNAs in infertile men with sperm defects including azoospermia, oligospermia, asthenozoospermia, and teratozoospermia. Also, we have assembled various bioinformatics tools to come up with a pipeline for predicting novel miRNAs which could possibly participate in sperm count, motility, and morphology. Also, related KEGG and GO terms for predicted miRNAs have been included in order to highlight their role in sperm function. Our study emphasizes the potential role of miRNAs in male infertility and provides a general overview for future studies aiming to find robust molecular markers for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Daneshmandpour
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Tabriz Genetic Analysis Centre (TGAC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Bahmanpour
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamid Hamzeiy
- Tabriz Genetic Analysis Centre (TGAC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Genomize Inc., Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Marziyeh Mazaheri Moghaddam
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Tabriz Genetic Analysis Centre (TGAC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Madiheh Mazaheri Moghaddam
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences (ZUMS), Zanjan, Iran
| | - Bahareh Khademi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Sakhinia
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Tabriz Genetic Analysis Centre (TGAC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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25
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Jia L, Carlo MI, Khan H, Nanjangud GJ, Rana S, Cimera R, Zhang Y, Hakimi AA, Verma AK, Al-Ahmadie HA, Fine SW, Gopalan A, Sirintrapun SJ, Tickoo SK, Reuter VE, Gartrell BA, Chen YB. Distinctive mechanisms underlie the loss of SMARCB1 protein expression in renal medullary carcinoma: morphologic and molecular analysis of 20 cases. Mod Pathol 2019; 32:1329-1343. [PMID: 30980040 PMCID: PMC6731129 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-019-0273-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Renal medullary carcinoma is a rare but highly aggressive type of renal cancer occurring in patients with sickle cell trait or rarely with other hemoglobinopathies. Loss of SMARCB1 protein expression, a core subunit of the switch/sucrose nonfermentable (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling complex, has emerged as a key diagnostic feature of these tumors. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this loss remains unclear. We retrospectively identified 20 patients diagnosed with renal medullary carcinoma at two institutions from 1996 to 2017. All patients were confirmed to have sickle cell trait, and all tumors exhibited a loss of SMARCB1 protein expression by immunohistochemistry. The status of SMARCB1 locus was examined by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using 3-color probes, and somatic alterations were detected by targeted next-generation sequencing platforms. FISH analysis of all 20 cases revealed 11 (55%) with concurrent hemizygous loss and translocation of SMARCB1, 6 (30%) with homozygous loss of SMARCB1, and 3 (15%) without structural or copy number alterations of SMARCB1 despite protein loss. Targeted sequencing revealed a pathogenic somatic mutation of SMARCB1 in one of these 3 cases that were negative by FISH. Tumors in the 3 subsets with different FISH findings largely exhibited similar clinicopathologic features, however, homozygous SMARCB1 deletion was found to show a significant association with the solid growth pattern, whereas tumors dominated by reticular/cribriform growth were enriched for SMARCB1 translocation. Taken together, we demonstrate that different molecular mechanisms underlie the loss of SMARCB1 expression in renal medullary carcinoma. Biallelic inactivation of SMARCB1 occurs in a large majority of cases either via concurrent hemizygous loss and translocation disrupting SMARCB1 or by homozygous loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Jia
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria I Carlo
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hina Khan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Lifespan Cancer Institute at the Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Gouri J Nanjangud
- Molecular Cytogenetics Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Satshil Rana
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert Cimera
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yanming Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - A Ari Hakimi
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amit K Verma
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hikmat A Al-Ahmadie
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samson W Fine
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anuradha Gopalan
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - S Joseph Sirintrapun
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Satish K Tickoo
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Victor E Reuter
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin A Gartrell
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Urology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ying-Bei Chen
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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26
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Li X, Nie C, Tian B, Tan X, Han W, Wang J, Jin Y, Li Y, Guan X, Hong A, Chen X. miR-671-5p Blocks The Progression Of Human Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma By Suppressing FGFR2. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:1892-1904. [PMID: 31523191 PMCID: PMC6743296 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.32429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is the eighth most common malignant tumor worldwide, of which esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the dominant histological subtype. A drug shortage for ESCC therapy triggered us to explore the roles of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) and its upstream regulator miR-671-5p in ESCC progression. We compared the levels of FGFR2 and miR-671-5p between human ESCC tissues and their matched normal esophageal tissues and found an association between higher levels of FGFR2 and lower levels of miR-671-5p in ESCC tissues. High levels of FGFR2 resulted in the activation of the ERK and AKT pathways and a promotion of ESCC progression. High levels of miR-671-5p specifically reduced the expression of FGFR2 and suppressed ESCC progression in both in vitro and in vivo models. Therefore, suppressing FGFR2 and enhancing miR-671-5p expression may be the right approaches for ESCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Li
- Institute of Biomedicine & Department of cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Changjun Nie
- Institute of Biomedicine & Department of cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Baoqing Tian
- Institute of Biomedicine & Department of cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Tan
- Institute of Biomedicine & Department of cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Wei Han
- Institute of Biomedicine & Department of cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Jiakang Wang
- Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510090, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Jin
- Institute of Biomedicine & Department of cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Yadan Li
- Institute of Biomedicine & Department of cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Xinyuan Guan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - An Hong
- Institute of Biomedicine & Department of cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojia Chen
- Institute of Biomedicine & Department of cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China
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27
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Mohammadi-Yeganeh S, Hosseini V, Paryan M. Wnt pathway targeting reduces triple-negative breast cancer aggressiveness through miRNA regulation in vitro and in vivo. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:18317-18328. [PMID: 30945294 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer, devoid of estrogen (ER), progesterone (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) expression, is deprived of commonly used targeted therapies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are undergoing a revolution in terms of potentially diagnostic or therapeutic elements. Combining computational approaches, we enriched miRNA binding motifs of Wnt pathway-associated upregulated genes. Our in-depth bioinformatics, in vitro and in vivo analyses indicated that miR-381 targets main genes of the Wnt signaling pathway including CTNNB1, RhoA, ROCK1, and c-MYC genes. The expression level of miR-381 and target genes was assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and MCF-10A as well as 20 breast cancer samples and normal tissues. Luciferase reporter assay was performed. Lentiviral particles containing miR-381 were used to evaluate the effect of miR-381 restoration on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of the invasive triple-negative MDA-MB-231 cell line and also in a mouse model of breast cancer. The expression of miR-381 was lower than that of normal cells, especially in TNBC cell line and breast tissues. Luciferase assay results confirmed that miR-381 targets all the predicted 3'-untranslated regions (3'-UTRs). Upon miR-381 overexpression, the expression of target genes declined, and the migration and invasion potential of miR-381-receiving MDA-MB-231 cells decreased. In a mouse model of triple-negative breast cancer, miR-381 re-expression inhibited the invasion of cancer cells to lung and liver and prolonged the survival time of cancer cell-bearing mice. Therefore, miR-381 is a regulator of Wnt signaling and its re-expression provides a potentially effective strategy for inhibition of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Mohammadi-Yeganeh
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahedeh Hosseini
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Paryan
- Department of Research and Development, Production and Research Complex, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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28
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Li X, Diao H. Circular RNA circ_0001946 acts as a competing endogenous RNA to inhibit glioblastoma progression by modulating miR-671-5p and CDR1. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:13807-13819. [PMID: 30663767 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In many malignant tumors, circRNAs play an important role. However, the biological role and clinical significance of circRNAs remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of circ_0001946 on the progression of glioblastoma (GBM) and the molecular mechanism of circ_0001946. METHODS Microarrays were applied to test the expression profiles of circRNAs and messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Coexpressed genes were identified by constructing differentially expressed circRNA-mRNA networks. The expression of circ_0001946, miR-671-5p, and cerebellar degeneration-related autoantigen 1 (CDR1) was detected by real-time quantitative PCR, and the protein expression of CDR1 was determined by western blotting. A dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to evaluate potential miR-671-5p target sites on circ_0001946 and CDR1. The proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of GBM cells were assessed by a colony formation assay, flow cytometry assay, transwell migration assay, and transwell invasion assay. Xenograft mouse models were used to determine the role of circ_0001946 in vivo. RESULTS The expression of circ_0001946 and CDR1 was low and that of miR-671-5p was high in GBM cells. Circ_0001946 suppressed the expression of miR-671-5p, thus upregulating the expression of CDR1, the gene downstream of miR-671-5p. Circ_0001946 and CDR1 reduced proliferation, migration, and invasion and increased apoptosis in GBM cells, whereas miR-671-5p had an opposite effect. The xenograft mouse model and immunohistochemistry results indicated that circ_0001946 inhibited GBM growth as well as the expression of Ki67 in GBM cells. CONCLUSION Our study confirmed that the circ_0001946/miR-671-5p/ CDR1 pathway modulates the development of GBM, and this pathway might be a promising target for the development of therapeutics for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxing Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Hongyu Diao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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29
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Qiu T, Wang K, Li X, Jin J. miR-671-5p inhibits gastric cancer cell proliferation and promotes cell apoptosis by targeting URGCP. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:4753-4758. [PMID: 30546398 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Various studies have demonstrated that microRNA (miRNA) serves an important role in the development of gastric cancer. However, the expression level, clinical significance and the biological function of miRNA in gastric cancer remain largely unknown. The present study investigated the exact roles of miR-671-5p in gastric cancer, confirmed its target and explored its mechanism. Initially, the low expression levels of miR-671-5p in gastric cancer cells were confirmed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. TargetScan and MiRanda databases were utilized to forecast the target genes of miR-671-5p, and the prediction was verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay and western blot analysis. Cell Counting Kit-8 was used for cell proliferation detection. An annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate kit was used for cell apoptosis determination. Western blot analysis was adopted to measure the protein expression levels in different groups. The results of the present study revealed that there were lower expression levels of miR-671-5p in gastric cancer cells than in normal gastric cells. Upregulator of cell proliferation (URGCP) is a direct target of miR-671-5p and it may be negatively regulated by miR-671-5p. miR-671-5p mimics induced reduction of MKN28 cell proliferation. miR-671-5p mimics caused upregulation of MKN28 cell apoptosis. In addition, western blotting results indicated that the ratio of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)/Bcl-2-associated X protein was significantly decreased in the miR-671-5p mimic group compared with the negative control group (P<0.01). These results suggested that miR-671-5p had a protective role in gastric cancer through inhibiting gastric cancer cell proliferation and promoting cell apoptosis by targeting URGCP. Therefore, miR-671-5p may be an effective therapeutic target for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiefeng Qiu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Wujin Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213002, P.R. China
| | - Keping Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Chest Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Xianwen Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Wujin Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213002, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Jin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Wujin Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213002, P.R. China
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Mihály D, Papp G, Mervai Z, Reszegi A, Tátrai P, Szalóki G, Sápi J, Sápi Z. The oncomir face of microRNA-206: A permanent miR-206 transfection study. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2018; 243:1014-1023. [PMID: 30111166 DOI: 10.1177/1535370218795406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
MiR-206 is a remarkable miRNA because it functions as a suppressor miRNA in rhabdomyosarcoma while at the same time, as previously showed, it can act as an oncomiRNA in SMARCB1 immunonegative soft tissue sarcomas. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of miR-206 on its several target genes in various human tumorous and normal cell lines. In the current work, we created miR-206-overexpressing cell lines (HT-1080, Caco2, iASC, and SS-iASC) using permanent transfection. mRNA expression of the target genes of miR-206 (SMARCB1, ACTL6A, CCND1, POLA1, NOTCH3, MET, and G6PD) and SMARCB1 protein expression were examined with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunoblotting, immunocytochemistry, and flow cytometry. MiRNA inhibition was used to validate our results. We found a diverse silencing effect of miR-206 on its target genes. While an overall tendency of downregulation was noted, expression profiles of individual cell lines showed large variability. Only CCND1 and MET were consistently downregulated. MiR-206 had an antiproliferative effect on a normal human fibroblast cell line. A strong silencing effect of SMARCB1 in miR-206 transfected SS-iASC was most likely caused by the synergic influence of the SS18-SSX1 fusion protein and miR-206. In the same cell line, a moderate decrease of SMARCB1 protein expression could be observed with immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry. In the most comprehensive analysis of miR-206 effects so far, a modest but significant downregulation of miR-206 targets on the mRNA level was confirmed across all cell lines. However, the variability of the effect shows that the action of this miRNA is largely cell context-dependent. Our results also support the conception that the oncomiR effect of miR-206 on SMARCB1 plays an important but not exclusive role in SMARCB1 immunonegative soft tissue sarcomas so it can be considered important in planning the targeted therapy of these tumors in the future. Impact statement Mir-206 is a very unique microRNA because it can act as a suppressor miRNA or as an oncomiRNA depending on the tumor tissue. In SMARCB1 negative soft tissue sarcomas miR-206 is overexpressed, so thus in epithelioid and synovial sarcomas it functions as an oncomiRNA. MiR-206 has diverse silencing effects on its target genes. We found that the action of miR-206 is largely cell context dependent. The oncomiR role of miR-206 is crucial but not exclusive in SMARCB1 negative soft tissue sarcomas and miR-206 has an antiproliferative effect on a normal human fibroblast cell line. Expressions of miR-206 targets observed in tumors can only be reproduced in the corresponding tumorous cell lines. This is the first study which examined the permanent effect of miR-206 on its target genes in normal, tumor, and genetically engineered cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dóra Mihály
- 1 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1085, Hungary
| | - Gergő Papp
- 1 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1085, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Mervai
- 1 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1085, Hungary
| | - Andrea Reszegi
- 1 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1085, Hungary
| | | | - Gábor Szalóki
- 1 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1085, Hungary
| | - Johanna Sápi
- 3 Óbuda University, University Research, Innovation and Service Center, Physiological Controls Research Center, Budapest H-1034, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Sápi
- 1 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1085, Hungary
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Liu Y, Sun B, Yang Y, Zhong L, He X, Wang M, Wang K, Chen L. Proximal-type epithelioid sarcoma of the oral cavity: a case report and literature review. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2018; 126:e258-e263. [PMID: 30087080 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2018.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Proximal-type epithelioid sarcoma (PES) is an exceedingly rare malignant tumor of soft tissue; PES within the oral cavity is even rarer. Pathologic examination is the primary diagnostic modality, and surgical treatment is recommended as the preferred method for the treatment of PES. Currently, there is a paucity of literature that systematically reports on PES in the oral cavity. Here, we describe a 42-year-old man with PES in the oral cavity, which showed positivity for vimentin, cytokeratin, CD31, S-100 but did not express BCL-2, HMB-45, or desmin. We performed a wide excision and neck dissection, and then used the free anterolateral thigh flap to reconstruct the defect in the soft tissue. Furthermore, we review the current literature with regard to diagnosis and treatment of PES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, P. R. China
| | - Bincan Sun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, P. R. China
| | - Yaocheng Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, P. R. China
| | - Liang Zhong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, P. R. China
| | - Xifan He
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, P. R. China
| | - Mengxue Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, P. R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, P. R. China.
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, P. R. China.
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Yuan G, Quan J, Dong D, Wang Q. Long Noncoding RNA CAT104 Promotes Cell Viability, Migration, and Invasion in Gastric Carcinoma Cells Through Activation of MicroRNA-381-Inhibiting Zinc Finger E-box-Binding Homeobox 1 (ZEB1) Expression. Oncol Res 2018; 26:1037-1046. [PMID: 29295724 PMCID: PMC7844839 DOI: 10.3727/096504017x15144748428127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric carcinoma (GC) remains the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Good biomarkers are of paramount importance for GC therapy. This study aimed to assess the role of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) CAT104 in GC. We found that CAT104 was highly expressed in human GC NCI-N87, SGC7901, BGC823, BGC803, and AGS cells. Suppression of CAT104 decreased NCI-N87 cell viability, migration, and invasion, but promoted apoptosis. CAT104 knockdown enhanced the expression of microRNA-381 (miR-381) expression in NCI-N87 cells. miR-381 participated in the regulatory effects of CAT104 on NCI-N87 cell viability, migration, invasion, and apoptosis. Zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) was identified as a direct target of miR-381. Overexpression of ZEB1 reversed the miR-381 mimic-induced cell viability, migration, and invasion inhibition. Suppression of ZEB1 reversed the miR-381 inhibitor-induced activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways in NCI-N87 cells. In conclusion, CAT104 might function as an oncogenic factor in GC cells via regulating the expression of miR-381 and ZEB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, 401 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Jingzi Quan
- Department of Gastroenterology, 401 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Dongfang Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, 401 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Qunying Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, 401 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Qingdao, P.R. China
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Owosho AA, Zhang L, Rosenblum MK, Antonescu CR. High sensitivity of FISH analysis in detecting homozygous SMARCB1 deletions in poorly differentiated chordoma: a clinicopathologic and molecular study of nine cases. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2017; 57:89-95. [PMID: 29119645 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Poorly differentiated chordomas (PDCs) represent a rare subset of notochordal neoplasms, affecting primarily children and associated with an aggressive outcome. In contrast to conventional chordomas, PDC show solid growth and increased cellularity, cytologic atypia, and mitotic activity. Recent studies have shown that PDCs are characterized by recurrent deletions encompassing the SMARCB1 locus, resulting in consistent loss of nuclear SMARCB1 expression. Thus PDC joined the expanding family of SMARCB1-deficient tumors characterized by various SMARCB1 structural abnormalities, ranging from large homozygous deletions to small intragenic mutations. In the present study, we investigate the SMARCB1 abnormalities in a group of nine well-characterized PDCs and to establish the sensitivity of the FISH method in detecting these changes in the clinical setting. We further assessed the pathologic features and clinical behavior of this cohort managed at our referral center over a 20-year period. The mean age at diagnosis was 10 years-of-age. All except one case occurred in the cranial region. All demonstrated strong nuclear expression of brachyury and loss of SMARCB1 expression. FISH identified homozygous SMARCB1 deletions in all except one case; additionally two cases revealed a heterozygous EWSR1 locus co-deletion. Clinical follow-up information was available in five patients. Two patients presented with distant metastases at initial diagnosis. Two of the three remaining patients with primary disease failed both locally and distantly after multimodality therapy. We conclude that PDCs are highly aggressive tumors and the dominant mechanism of loss of SMARCB1 expression is through large, homozygous SMARCB1 deletions that can be readily detected by FISH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adepitan A Owosho
- College of Dental Medicine, University of New England, Portland, Maine.,Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York
| | - Marc K Rosenblum
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York
| | - Cristina R Antonescu
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York
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35
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Reduced H3K27me3 expression in radiation-associated angiosarcoma of the breast. Virchows Arch 2017; 472:361-368. [DOI: 10.1007/s00428-017-2242-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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36
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Malgulwar PB, Pathak P, Singh M, Kale SS, Suri V, Sarkar C, Sharma MC. Downregulation of SMARCB1/INI1 expression in pediatric chordomas correlates with upregulation of miR-671-5p and miR-193a-5p expressions. Brain Tumor Pathol 2017; 34:155-159. [PMID: 28825187 DOI: 10.1007/s10014-017-0295-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Loss of SMARCB1/INI1 expression is considered to be a hallmark for childhood chordomas (CCs). Although mutation/loss of 22q has strongly established the loss of SMARCB1/INI1 in cancers, the cause in CCs remains elusive. Recent studies suggest role of miRNAs in regulation of SMARCB1/INI1 expressions. We examined 5 reported/target predicted miRNAs to SMARCB1/INI1 in SMARCB1/INI1 immunonegative and immunopositive cases, and found upregulation of miR-671-5p and miR-193a-5p in SMARCB1/INI1-immunonegative cases. Notably, these two miRNAs were significantly predicted to target TGF-β signaling, suggestive of dysregulation of developmental and osteoblast regulation pathway in CCs. Overall, we suggest miR-671-5p- and miR-193a-5p-mediated epigenetic mode of SMARCB1/INI1 loss and downregulated TGF-β pathway in CCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prit Benny Malgulwar
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Pankaj Pathak
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Manmohan Singh
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Shashank Sharad Kale
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Vaishali Suri
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Chitra Sarkar
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Mehar Chand Sharma
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India.
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37
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Rivera-Barahona A, Fulgencio-Covián A, Pérez-Cerdá C, Ramos R, Barry MA, Ugarte M, Pérez B, Richard E, Desviat LR. Dysregulated miRNAs and their pathogenic implications for the neurometabolic disease propionic acidemia. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5727. [PMID: 28720782 PMCID: PMC5516006 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06420-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
miRNome expression profiling was performed in a mouse model of propionic acidemia (PA) and in patients’ plasma samples to investigate the role of miRNAs in the pathophysiology of the disease and to identify novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. PA is a potentially lethal neurometabolic disease with patients developing neurological deficits and cardiomyopathy in the long-term, among other complications. In the PA mouse liver we identified 14 significantly dysregulated miRNAs. Three selected miRNAs, miR-34a-5p, miR-338-3p and miR-350, were found upregulated in brain and heart tissues. Predicted targets involved in apoptosis, stress-signaling and mitochondrial function, were inversely found down-regulated. Functional analysis with miRNA mimics in cellular models confirmed these findings. miRNA profiling in plasma samples from neonatal PA patients and age-matched control individuals identified a set of differentially expressed miRNAs, several were coincident with those identified in the PA mouse, among them miR-34a-5p and miR-338-3p. These two miRNAs were also found dysregulated in childhood and adult PA patients’ cohorts. Taken together, the results reveal miRNA signatures in PA useful to identify potential biomarkers, to refine the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of this rare disease and, eventually, to improve the management of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rivera-Barahona
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares (CEDEM), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital La Paz (IdiPaz), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Fulgencio-Covián
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares (CEDEM), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital La Paz (IdiPaz), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Celia Pérez-Cerdá
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares (CEDEM), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital La Paz (IdiPaz), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Ramos
- Genomic Facility, Parque Científico de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Magdalena Ugarte
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares (CEDEM), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital La Paz (IdiPaz), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Pérez
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares (CEDEM), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital La Paz (IdiPaz), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Richard
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares (CEDEM), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital La Paz (IdiPaz), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lourdes R Desviat
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain. .,Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares (CEDEM), Madrid, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital La Paz (IdiPaz), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
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Kohashi K, Oda Y. Oncogenic roles of SMARCB1/INI1 and its deficient tumors. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:547-552. [PMID: 28109176 PMCID: PMC5406539 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
SMARCB1/INI1 is one of the core subunit proteins of the ATP-dependent SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, and is identified as a potent and bona fide tumor suppressor. Interactions have been demonstrated between SMARCB1/INI1 and key proteins in various pathways related to tumor proliferation and progression: the p16-RB pathway, WNT signaling pathway, sonic hedgehog signaling pathway and Polycomb pathway. Initially, no detectable SMARCB1/INI1 protein expression was found in malignant rhabdoid tumor cells, whereas all other kinds of tumor cells and non-tumorous tissue showed SMARCB1/INI1 protein expression. Therefore, immunohistochemical testing for the SMARCB1/INI1 antibody has been considered useful in confirming the histologic diagnosis of malignant rhabdoid tumors. However, recently, aberrant expression of SMARCB1/INI1 has been found in various tumors such as epithelioid sarcomas, schwannomatosis, synovial sarcomas, and so on. In addition, it has been reported that aberrant expression can be classified into three patterns: complete loss, mosaic expression and reduced expression. Although the various pathways related to mechanisms of tumorigenesis and tumor proliferation are complexly intertwined, the clarification of these mechanisms may contribute to therapeutic strategies in SMARCB1/INI1-deficient tumors. In terms of pathological classifications, SMARCB1/INI1-deficient tumors may be re-classified by genetic backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Kohashi
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Alikhan MB, Pease G, Watkin W, Grogan R, Krausz T, Antic T. Primary epithelioid sarcoma of the kidney and adrenal gland: report of 2 cases with immunohistochemical and molecular cytogenetic studies. Hum Pathol 2017; 61:158-163. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2016.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Cao Q, Liu F, Ji K, Liu N, He Y, Zhang W, Wang L. MicroRNA-381 inhibits the metastasis of gastric cancer by targeting TMEM16A expression. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2017; 36:29. [PMID: 28193228 PMCID: PMC5307754 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-017-0499-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background MicroRNA-381 (miR-381) has been reported to play suppressive or promoting roles in different malignancies. However, the expression level, biological function, and underlying mechanisms of miR-381 in gastric cancer remain poorly understood. Our previous study indicated that transmembrane protein 16A (TMEM16A) contributed to migration and invasion of gastric cancer and predicted poor prognosis. In this study, we found that miR-381 inhibited the metastasis of gastric cancer through targeting TMEM16A expression. Methods MiR-381 expression was analyzed using bioinformatic software on open microarray datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) in human gastric cancer tissues and cell lines. Cell proliferation was investigated using MTT and cell count assays, and cell migration and invasion abilities were evaluated by transwell assay. Xenograft nude mouse models were used to observe tumor growth and pulmonary metastasis. Luciferase reporter assay, western blot, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemistry were employed to explore the mechanisms of the effect of miR-381 on gastric cancer cells. Results MiR-381 was significantly down-regulated in gastric cancer tissues and cell lines. Low expression of miR-381 was negatively related to lymph node metastasis, advanced tumor stage and poor prognosis. MiR-381 decreased gastric cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro and in vivo. TMEM16A was identified as a direct target of miR-381 and the expression of miR-381 was inversely correlated with TMEM16A expression in gastric cancer tissues. Combination analysis of miR-381 and TMEM16A revealed the improved prognostic accuracy for gastric cancer patients. Moreover, miR-381 inhibited TGF-β signaling pathway and down-regulated epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype partially by mediating TMEM16A. Conclusions MiR-381 may function as a tumor suppressor by directly targeting TMEM16A and regulating TGF-β pathway and EMT process in the development of progression of gastric cancer. MiR-381/TMEM16A may be a novel therapeutic candidate target in gastric cancer treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13046-017-0499-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Cao
- Department of Pathology, The first affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Kaiyuan Ji
- Cancer Research Insitute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ni Liu
- Department of Pathology, The first affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine and Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The first affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Liantang Wang
- Department of Pathology, The first affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Xie BH, He X, Hua RX, Zhang B, Tan GS, Xiong SQ, Liu LS, Chen W, Yang JY, Wang XN, Li HP. Mir-765 promotes cell proliferation by downregulating INPP4B expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Biomark 2016; 16:405-13. [PMID: 27062697 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-160579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) dysregulation is widely involved in cancer progression and contributed to sustained cell proliferation by directly targeting multiple targets. Therefore, better understanding the underlying mechanism of miRNA in carcinogenesis may improve diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for malignancy. In our study, we found that mir-765 is upregulated in both hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines and tissues, compared to human normal liver cell line and adjacent non-cancerous tissues, respectively. Overexpression of mir-765 increased HCC cells proliferation and tumorigenicity, whereas inhibition of mir-765 reverses this effect. Furthermore, we demonstrated that INPP4B as a direct target of mir-765 and ectopic expression of mir-765 repressed INPP4B expression, resulting in upregulation of p-AKT, Cyclin D1, and downregulation of p-FOXO3a, p21 expression in HCC. Strikingly, we found that silencing the expression of INPP4B is the essential biological function of miR-765 during HCC cell proliferation. Collectively, our findings reveal that miR-765 is a potential onco-miR that participates in carcinogenesis of human HCC by suppressing INPP4B expression, and might represent a potential therapeutic target for HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Hui Xie
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao He
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui-Xi Hua
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guo-Sheng Tan
- Department of Interventional Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shi-Qiu Xiong
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Liang-Shuai Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Interventional Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian-Yong Yang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Nong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - He-Ping Li
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Interventional Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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42
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Barbagallo D, Condorelli A, Ragusa M, Salito L, Sammito M, Banelli B, Caltabiano R, Barbagallo G, Zappalà A, Battaglia R, Cirnigliaro M, Lanzafame S, Vasquez E, Parenti R, Cicirata F, Di Pietro C, Romani M, Purrello M. Dysregulated miR-671-5p / CDR1-AS / CDR1 / VSNL1 axis is involved in glioblastoma multiforme. Oncotarget 2016; 7:4746-59. [PMID: 26683098 PMCID: PMC4826240 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
MiR-671-5p is encoded by a gene localized at 7q36.1, a region amplified in human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most malignant brain cancer. To investigate whether expression of miR-671-5p were altered in GBM, we analyzed biopsies from a cohort of forty-five GBM patients and from five GBM cell lines. Our data show significant overexpression of miR-671-5p in both biopsies and cell lines. By exploiting specific miRNA mimics and inhibitors, we demonstrated that miR-671-5p overexpression significantly increases migration and to a less extent proliferation rates of GBM cells. Through a combined in silico and in vitro approach, we identified CDR1-AS, CDR1, VSNL1 as downstream miR-671-5p targets in GBM. Expression of these genes significantly decreased both in GBM biopsies and cell lines and negatively correlated with that of miR-671-5p. Based on our data, we propose that the axis miR-671-5p / CDR1-AS / CDR1 / VSNL1 is functionally altered in GBM cells and is involved in the modification of their biopathological profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Barbagallo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Biotecnologiche, Sezione di Biologia e Genetica G Sichel, Unità di BioMedicina Molecolare, Genomica e dei Sistemi Complessi, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy, EU
| | - Angelo Condorelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Biotecnologiche, Sezione di Biologia e Genetica G Sichel, Unità di BioMedicina Molecolare, Genomica e dei Sistemi Complessi, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy, EU
| | - Marco Ragusa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Biotecnologiche, Sezione di Biologia e Genetica G Sichel, Unità di BioMedicina Molecolare, Genomica e dei Sistemi Complessi, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy, EU
| | - Loredana Salito
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Biotecnologiche, Sezione di Biologia e Genetica G Sichel, Unità di BioMedicina Molecolare, Genomica e dei Sistemi Complessi, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy, EU
| | - Mariangela Sammito
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Biotecnologiche, Sezione di Biologia e Genetica G Sichel, Unità di BioMedicina Molecolare, Genomica e dei Sistemi Complessi, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy, EU
| | - Barbara Banelli
- UOS Epigenetica dei Tumori, IRCCS A.O.U. San Martino-IST, Genova, Italy, EU
| | - Rosario Caltabiano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e Tecnologie Avanzate G.F. Ingrassia, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy, EU
| | - Giuseppe Barbagallo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e Tecnologie Avanzate G.F. Ingrassia, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy, EU
| | - Agata Zappalà
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Biotecnologiche, Sezione di Fisiologia, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy, EU
| | - Rosalia Battaglia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Biotecnologiche, Sezione di Biologia e Genetica G Sichel, Unità di BioMedicina Molecolare, Genomica e dei Sistemi Complessi, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy, EU
| | - Matilde Cirnigliaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Biotecnologiche, Sezione di Biologia e Genetica G Sichel, Unità di BioMedicina Molecolare, Genomica e dei Sistemi Complessi, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy, EU
| | - Salvatore Lanzafame
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e Tecnologie Avanzate G.F. Ingrassia, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy, EU
| | - Enrico Vasquez
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e Tecnologie Avanzate G.F. Ingrassia, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy, EU
| | - Rosalba Parenti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Biotecnologiche, Sezione di Fisiologia, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy, EU
| | - Federico Cicirata
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Biotecnologiche, Sezione di Fisiologia, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy, EU
| | - Cinzia Di Pietro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Biotecnologiche, Sezione di Biologia e Genetica G Sichel, Unità di BioMedicina Molecolare, Genomica e dei Sistemi Complessi, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy, EU
| | - Massimo Romani
- UOS Epigenetica dei Tumori, IRCCS A.O.U. San Martino-IST, Genova, Italy, EU
| | - Michele Purrello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Biotecnologiche, Sezione di Biologia e Genetica G Sichel, Unità di BioMedicina Molecolare, Genomica e dei Sistemi Complessi, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy, EU
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43
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Tan X, Fu Y, Chen L, Lee W, Lai Y, Rezaei K, Tabbara S, Latham P, Teal CB, Man YG, Siegel RS, Brem RF, Fu SW. miR-671-5p inhibits epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by downregulating FOXM1 expression in breast cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:293-307. [PMID: 26588055 PMCID: PMC4807999 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) dysfunction is associated with a variety of human diseases, including cancer. Our previous study showed that miR-671-5p was deregulated throughout breast cancer progression. Here, we report for the first time that miR-671-5p is a tumor-suppressor miRNA in breast tumorigenesis. We found that expression of miR-671-5p was decreased significantly in invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) compared to normal in microdissected formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues. Forkhead Box M1 (FOXM1), an oncogenic transcription factor, was predicted as one of the direct targets of miR-671-5p, which was subsequently confirmed by luciferase assays. Forced expression of miR-671-5p in breast cancer cell lines downregulated FOXM1 expression, and attenuated the proliferation and invasion in breast cancer cell lines. Notably, overexpression of miR-671-5p resulted in a shift from epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) phenotypes in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and induced S-phase arrest. Moreover, miR-671-5p sensitized breast cancer cells to cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and epirubicin exposure. Host cell reactivation (HCR) assays showed that miR-671-5p reduces DNA repair capability in post-drug exposed breast cancer cells. cDNA microarray data revealed that differentially expressed genes when miR-671-5p was transfected are associated with cell proliferation, invasion, cell cycle, and EMT. These data indicate that miR-671-5p functions as a tumor suppressor miRNA in breast cancer by directly targeting FOXM1. Hence, miR-671-5p may serve as a novel therapeutic target for breast cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Tan
- Department of Medicine (Division of Genomic Medicine), The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Yebo Fu
- Department of Medicine (Division of Genomic Medicine), The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Medicine (Division of Genomic Medicine), The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Woojin Lee
- Department of Medicine (Division of Genomic Medicine), The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Yinglei Lai
- Department of Statistics, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Katayoon Rezaei
- Department of Pathology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sana Tabbara
- Department of Pathology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Patricia Latham
- Department of Pathology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Christine B Teal
- Department of Surgery, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Yan-Gao Man
- Research Lab and International Collaboration, Bon Secours Cancer Institute, Bon Secours Health System, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Robert S Siegel
- Department of Medicine (Division of Hematology/Oncology), The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Rachel F Brem
- Department of Radiology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sidney W Fu
- Department of Medicine (Division of Genomic Medicine), The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
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44
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Higuchi T, Todaka H, Sugiyama Y, Ono M, Tamaki N, Hatano E, Takezaki Y, Hanazaki K, Miwa T, Lai S, Morisawa K, Tsuda M, Taniguchi T, Sakamoto S. Suppression of MicroRNA-7 (miR-7) Biogenesis by Nuclear Factor 90-Nuclear Factor 45 Complex (NF90-NF45) Controls Cell Proliferation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:21074-21084. [PMID: 27519414 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.748210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-7 (miR-7)has been characterized as an anti-oncogenic microRNA (miRNA) in several cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the mechanism for the regulation of miR-7 production in tumors remains unclear. Here, we identified nuclear factor 90 (NF90) and NF45 complex (NF90-NF45) as negative regulators of miR-7 processing in HCC. Expression of NF90 and NF45 was significantly elevated in primary HCC tissues compared with adjacent non-tumor tissues. To examine which miRNAs are controlled by NF90-NF45, we performed an miRNA microarray and quantitative RT-PCR analyses of HCC cell lines. Depletion of NF90 resulted in elevated levels of mature miR-7, whereas the expression of primary miR-7-1 (pri-miR-7-1) was decreased in cells following knockdown of NF90. Conversely, the levels of mature miR-7 were reduced in cells overexpressing NF90 and NF45, although pri-miR-7-1 was accumulated in the same cells. Furthermore, NF90-NF45 was found to bind pri-miR-7-1 in vitro These results suggest that NF90-NF45 inhibits the pri-miR-7-1 processing step through the binding of NF90-NF45 to pri-miR-7-1. We also found that levels of the EGF receptor, an oncogenic factor that is a direct target of miR-7, and phosphorylation of AKT were significantly decreased in HCC cell lines depleted of NF90 or NF45. Of note, knockdown of NF90 or NF45 caused a reduction in the proliferation rate of HCC cells. Taken together, NF90-NF45 stimulates an elevation of EGF receptor levels via the suppression of miR-7 biogenesis, resulting in the promotion of cell proliferation in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Higuchi
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Science Research Center
| | - Hiroshi Todaka
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Science Research Center
| | | | - Masafumi Ono
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and
| | - Nobuyuki Tamaki
- the Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Etsuro Hatano
- the Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | | | | | - Takeshi Miwa
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Science Research Center
| | - Sylvia Lai
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Science Research Center
| | - Keiko Morisawa
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Science Research Center
| | - Masayuki Tsuda
- Division of Laboratory Animal Science, Science Research Center,Kochi Medical School, Kochi 783-8505 and
| | | | - Shuji Sakamoto
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Science Research Center,
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45
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Sápi Z, Papp G, Szendrői M, Pápai Z, Plótár V, Krausz T, Fletcher CDM. Epigenetic regulation of SMARCB1 By miR-206, -381 and -671-5p is evident in a variety of SMARCB1 immunonegative soft tissue sarcomas, while miR-765 appears specific for epithelioid sarcoma. A miRNA study of 223 soft tissue sarcomas. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2016; 55:786-802. [PMID: 27223121 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Complete/partial loss of SMARCB1 nuclear-immunopositivity is characteristic of a certain subset of soft tissue sarcomas (STSs). Our previous work showed that oncomiRs-206,-381, and 671-5p could silence the SMARCB1 mRNA and protein expression and that they display significant overexpression in epithelioid sarcomas (ESs). MiR-765 was overexpressed too, but functionally was inactive in the silencing. In the current work, using quantitative PCR, we conducted a miRNA study of 51 ESs, 20 rhabdoid tumors (RTs), 20 synovial sarcomas (SSs), 15 malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs), 11 myoepithelial carcinomas (MECs), and 10 extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcomas (EMCSs) with complete/partial loss of SMARCB1 nuclear immunostain, in contrast to controls (SMARCB1-immunopositive) of 96 STSs, 13 melanomas and 10 sarcomatoid carcinomas. The SMARCB1 genetic status of ESs was determined by MLPA and FISH. A subset of ESs (5/51) showed biallelic deletion of SMARCB1 with no overexpression of any miRNA, suggesting these tumors could be the counterpart of pediatric RT, at least genetically. Another subset (5/51) was genetically either intact or monoallelic deleted with at least threefold overexpression of one of miR-206,-381,-671-5p, suggesting epigenetic regulation only. 39/51 ESs had a biallelic deletion (>20% by FISH and/or by MLPA) but with overexpressed miR-206,-381, and 671-5p, suggesting intratumoral heterogeneity, i.e., both genetic and epigenetic regulation. At least threefold overexpression of one of miR-206,-381, and 671-5p was detected in all MPNSTs, EMCSs, SSs and 7 MCs. Except for ESs, four SSs and one MPNST, there was no event above threefold overexpression of miR-765 among all 195 tested tumors. Our results suggest a general role of miR-206,-381, and 671-5p in SMARCB1 gene silencing of ES, MC, EMCS, MPNST and SS. In the future, miR-765 could possibly be a diagnostic tool for ES because of its 97% specificity and 80% sensitivity. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Sápi
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergő Papp
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Szendrői
- Department of Orthopedics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Vanda Plótár
- Surgical and Molecular Tumor Pathology Centre, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Thomas Krausz
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL
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46
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Saha D, Basu A, Maiti A, Rodriguez E. Primary proximal epithelioid sarcoma of the lung successfully treated with pneumonectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy. BMJ Case Rep 2016; 2016:bcr-2015-213966. [PMID: 27045049 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2015-213966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary sarcomas of the lung and proximal epithelial sarcomas (PESs) are extremely rare. Inactivation of INI1 has been found in the majority of epithelioid sarcoma (ES). We report the third known case of a primary PES of the lung along with immunohistochemical data. A 41-year-old man with HIV infection, on highly active antiretroviral therapy, presented with haemoptysis, shortness of breath and progressive weight loss for 2 months. He was eventually diagnosed with stage IIA cT2bN0M0 grade-2 primary PES of the lung. This patient underwent pneumonectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy with ifosfamide and doxorubicin. He remains in remission 36 months since diagnosis. Our case stands to help other clinicians as treatment of such rare cases is often reliant on case reports. We also posit a possible pathogenic mechanism given a history of HIV infection in this patient. The association of INI1 mutation with other atypical sarcomas in patients with HIV infection merits further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debjit Saha
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Arnab Basu
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Taussig Cancer Institute-Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, USA
| | - Abhishek Maiti
- Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Estelamari Rodriguez
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, Florida, USA
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47
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Zhang Q, Zhao S, Pang X, Chi B. MicroRNA-381 suppresses cell growth and invasion by targeting the liver receptor homolog-1 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2015; 35:1831-40. [PMID: 26677080 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) have emerged as prospective tools for human cancer therapy, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) therapy. Previous studies have suggested that miR-381 functions as oncogenic or tumor-suppressive miRs in other cancer types. However, the role of miR-381 in HCC remains unknown. The present study investigated the expression and functional role of miR-381 in HCC. miR-381 expression was significantly decreased in HCC tissues and cell lines. miR-381 overexpression significantly inhibited HCC cell proliferation and colony formation, induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and suppressed cell invasion. Conversely, suppression of miR-381 showed the opposite effect in HCC cells. Bioinformatics analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assay results showed that miR-381 directly targeted the 3'-untranslated region of liver receptor homolog-1 (LRH-1), and quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis results showed that miR-381 negatively modulated LRH-1 expression. Data elucidated that miR-381 directly regulated HCC cell growth and invasion, as well as the Wnt signaling pathways, by targeting LRH-1. Clinical tissue detection data revealed an inverse correlation between miR-381 and LRH-1 expression in HCC tissues, further indicating the functional significance of miR-381-LRH-1 in regulating HCC tumorigenesis. The present study indicates that miR-381 may be a novel tumor suppressor that blocks HCC growth and invasion by targeting LRH-1. The results present novel insights into understanding the molecular mechanism underlying HCC tumorigenesis and provide a future direction to the development of therapeutic interventions for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Shixing Zhao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Pang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Baorong Chi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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48
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Jamshidi F, Bashashati A, Shumansky K, Dickson B, Gokgoz N, Wunder JS, Andrulis IL, Lazar AJ, Shah SP, Huntsman DG, Nielsen TO. The genomic landscape of epithelioid sarcoma cell lines and tumours. J Pathol 2015; 238:63-73. [PMID: 26365879 DOI: 10.1002/path.4636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We carried out whole genome and transcriptome sequencing on four tumour/normal pairs of epithelioid sarcoma. These index cases were supplemented with whole transcriptome sequencing of three additional tumours and three cell lines. Unlike rhabdoid tumour (the other major group of SMARCB1-negative cancers), epithelioid sarcoma shows a complex genome with a higher mutational rate, comparable to that of ovarian carcinoma. Despite this mutational burden, SMARCB1 mutations remain the most frequently recurring event and are probably critical drivers of tumour formation. Several cases show heterozygous SMARCB1 mutations without inactivation of the second allele, and we explore this further in vitro. Finding CDKN2A deletions in our discovery cohort, we evaluated CDKN2A protein expression in a tissue microarray. Six out of 16 cases had lost CDKN2A in greater than or equal to 90% of cells, while the remaining cases had retained the protein. Expression analysis of epithelioid sarcoma cell lines by transcriptome sequencing shows a unique profile that does not cluster with any particular tissue type or with other SWI/SNF-aberrant lines. Evaluation of the levels of members of the SWI/SNF complex other than SMARCB1 revealed that these proteins are expressed as part of a residual complex, similarly to previously studied rhabdoid tumour lines. This residual SWI/SNF is susceptible to synthetic lethality and may therefore indicate a therapeutic opportunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Brendan Dickson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nalan Gokgoz
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jay S Wunder
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Irene L Andrulis
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Departments of Molecular Genetics and Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Sohrab P Shah
- BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - David G Huntsman
- Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Torsten O Nielsen
- Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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49
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MicroRNAs in the pathobiology of sarcomas. J Transl Med 2015; 95:987-94. [PMID: 26121318 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2015.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas are a rare and heterogeneous group of tumors. The last decade has witnessed extensive efforts to understand the pathobiology of many aggressive sarcoma types. In parallel, we have also begun to unravel the complex gene regulation processes mediated by microRNAs (miRNAs) in sarcomas and other cancers, discovering that microRNAs have critical roles in the majority of both oncogenic and tumor suppressor signaling networks. Expression profiles and a greater understanding of the biologic roles of microRNAs and other noncoding RNAs have considerably expanded our current knowledge and provided key pathobiological insights into many sarcomas, and helped identify novel therapeutic targets. The limited number of sarcoma patients in each sarcoma type and their heterogeneity pose distinct challenges in translating this knowledge into the clinic. It will be critical to prioritize these novel targets and choose those that have a broad applicability. A small group of microRNAs have conserved roles across many types of sarcomas and other cancers. Therapies that target these key microRNA-gene signaling and regulatory networks, in combination with standard of care treatment, may be the pivotal component in significantly improving treatment outcomes in patients with sarcoma or other cancers.
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50
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Noujaim J, Thway K, Bajwa Z, Bajwa A, Maki RG, Jones RL, Keller C. Epithelioid Sarcoma: Opportunities for Biology-Driven Targeted Therapy. Front Oncol 2015; 5:186. [PMID: 26347853 PMCID: PMC4538302 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelioid sarcoma (ES) is a soft tissue sarcoma of children and young adults for which the preferred treatment for localized disease is wide surgical resection. Medical management is to a great extent undefined, and therefore for patients with regional and distal metastases, the development of targeted therapies is greatly desired. In this review, we will summarize clinically relevant biomarkers (e.g., SMARCB1, CA125, dysadherin, and others) with respect to targeted therapeutic opportunities. We will also examine the role of EGFR, mTOR, and polykinase inhibitors (e.g., sunitinib) in the management of local and disseminated disease. Toward building a consortium of pharmaceutical, academic, and non-profit collaborators, we will discuss the state of resources for investigating ES with respect to cell line resources, tissue banks, and registries so that a roadmap can be developed toward effective biology-driven therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zia Bajwa
- Children's Cancer Therapy Development Institute , Fort Collins, CO , USA
| | - Ayeza Bajwa
- Children's Cancer Therapy Development Institute , Fort Collins, CO , USA
| | - Robert G Maki
- Adult and Paediatric Sarcoma Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine , New York, NY , USA
| | | | - Charles Keller
- Children's Cancer Therapy Development Institute , Fort Collins, CO , USA
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