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Paoli C, Di Mauro I, Coulomb A, Benadiba J, Lecompte JF, Dadone-Montaudié B, Burel-Vandenbos F. STRN::ALK, a novel fusion to foetal lung interstitial tumour. Histopathology 2024. [PMID: 38859770 DOI: 10.1111/his.15237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Paoli
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Oncology, Central Laboratory of Pathology, University Hospital of Nice-Côte d'Azur University, Nice, France
| | - Ilaria Di Mauro
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Pathology and Molecular Oncology, University Hospital of Nice-Côte d'Azur University, Nice, France
| | - Aurore Coulomb
- Department of Pathology, Armand Trousseau Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Joy Benadiba
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital of Nice-Côte d'Azur University, Nice, France
| | | | - Bérengère Dadone-Montaudié
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Pathology and Molecular Oncology, University Hospital of Nice-Côte d'Azur University, Nice, France
| | - Fanny Burel-Vandenbos
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Oncology, University Hospital of Nice-Côte d'Azur University, Nice, France
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Tan-Garcia A, Lee YT, Kuick CH, Soh SY, Chang KTE, Merchant K. Spontaneous Partial Regression of Fetal Lung Interstitial Tumor With A2M::ALK Rearrangement in a Neonate. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2024; 27:187-192. [PMID: 37818649 DOI: 10.1177/10935266231189929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
The differential diagnosis for neonatal primary lung masses includes developmental anomalies and congenital lung tumors. Fetal lung interstitial tumor (FLIT) is a rare benign mesenchymal lesion which presents either antenatally or within the first 3 months of age. FLIT is a circumscribed solid-cystic mass which histologically resembles the fetal lung during the canalicular stage at 20-24 weeks of gestation. It is composed of immature mesenchymal cells expanding the interstitium and irregular airspace-like structures. Of all published cases, only 1 identified an α2-macroglobulin (A2M)::anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion and all cases underwent surgical resection in the neonatal or infancy period. We present the second case of FLIT with an A2M::ALK fusion diagnosed postnatally in a neonate which partially regressed spontaneously during conservative management with interim resection at 39 months of age, and provide a review of the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Tan-Garcia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - York Tien Lee
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chik Hong Kuick
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shui Yen Soh
- Haematology/Oncology Service, Department of Paediatric Subspecialties, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kenneth Tou-En Chang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Khurshid Merchant
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
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Perin S, Cataldo I, Baciorri F, Santoro L, Dei Tos AP, Guido M, Midrio P. Fetal Lung Interstitial Tumor (FLIT): Review of The Literature. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10050828. [PMID: 37238376 DOI: 10.3390/children10050828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Fetal lung interstitial tumor (FLIT) is an extremely rare pediatric lung tumor that shares radiological features with congenital pulmonary malformations (cPAM) and other lung neoplasms. A review of the literature, together with the first European case, are herein reported. A systematic and manual search of the literature using the keyword "fetal lung interstitial tumor" was conducted on PUBMED, Scopus, and SCIE (Web of Science). Following the PRISMA guidelines, 12 articles were retrieved which describe a total of 21 cases of FLIT, and a new European case is presented. A prenatal diagnosis was reported in only 3 out of 22 (13%) cases. The mean age at surgery was 31 days of life (1-150); a lobectomy was performed in most of the cases. No complications or recurrence of disease were reported at a mean follow-up of 49 months. FLIT is rarely diagnosed during pregnancy, may present at birth with different levels of respiratory distress, and requires prompt surgical resection. Histology and immunohistochemistry allow for the differentiation of FLIT from cPAM and other lung tumors with poor prognosis, such as pleuropulmonary blastoma, congenital peri-bronchial myofibroblastic tumor, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, and congenital or infantile fibrosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Perin
- Pediatric Surgery Unit, Cà Foncello Hospital, 31100 Treviso, Italy
- Pediatric Surgery Unit, Department of Women and Child Health, University of Padua, 35141 Padova, Italy
| | - Ivana Cataldo
- Pathology Unit, Cà Foncello Hospital, 31100 Treviso, Italy
| | | | - Luisa Santoro
- Department of Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliera Università Padova, 35141 Padova, Italy
| | - Angelo Paolo Dei Tos
- Department of Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliera Università Padova, 35141 Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Guido
- Pathology Unit, Cà Foncello Hospital, 31100 Treviso, Italy
| | - Paola Midrio
- Pediatric Surgery Unit, Cà Foncello Hospital, 31100 Treviso, Italy
- Pediatric Surgery Unit, Department of Women and Child Health, University of Padua, 35141 Padova, Italy
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4
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Wang Z, Xu C, He T, Yuan M. A case report of misdiagnosed fetal lung mass and review of the literature. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:1045037. [PMID: 36843885 PMCID: PMC9950255 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.1045037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The patient was a male neonate, and a prenatal ultrasound had detected a right lung mass. He was born at term and after delivery had tachypnea and feeding difficulties. A chest x-ray and a computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a large mass in the right chest with compression on the right lung after birth. We initially considered congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM). After conservative treatment, his respiratory symptoms worsened gradually, and he required continuous supplemental oxygen. The symptoms could not be relieved by puncturing due to a postnatal ultrasound having shown a mass with anechoic microcystic spaces. He therefore underwent an emergency thoracotomy and lobectomy at 14 days of age. The pathology was consistent with fetal lung interstitial tumor (FLIT). The patient remained healthy at the three-month follow-up. We reviewed the literature on FLIT and found that, to date, 23 cases have been reported worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongyu Wang
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chang Xu
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Taozhen He
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Miao Yuan
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Shah SN, Geetha N, Satheesan R, Parameswaran A. Fetal lung interstitial tumor: An uncommon pediatric pulmonary neoplasm. Lung India 2021; 38:186-190. [PMID: 33687015 PMCID: PMC8098893 DOI: 10.4103/lungindia.lungindia_646_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal lung interstitial tumor (FLIT) is a rare pediatric lung tumor with radiological features similar to developmental pulmonary malformations and other congenital lung neoplasms. There are about 17 cases of FLIT reported worldwide till date. We report the first case of FLIT in the Indian literature which was diagnosed in the early postnatal period (at the 21st day of life) by pathological examination. The tumor exhibited a novel focal micropapillary architecture, in addition to the previously described microscopic features. We discuss the pathogenesis and differential diagnoses of FLIT and review the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saloni Naresh Shah
- Department of Histopathology, Apollo Main Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Geetha
- Department of Histopathology, Apollo Main Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Ashok Parameswaran
- Department of Histopathology, Apollo Main Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Phillips J, Blask A, DiPoto Brahmbhatt A, Lawrence A, Timofeev J, Badillo A, Andescavage N. Fetal lung interstitial tumor: Prenatal presentation of a rare fetal malignancy. J Neonatal Perinatal Med 2020; 12:473-477. [PMID: 31256075 DOI: 10.3233/npm-180059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Fetal lung interstitial tumor (FLIT) is a rare fetal malignancy that is typically diagnosed in the postnatal period, or, if recognized prenatally can mimic a benign lesion such as congenital pulmonary airway malformation. We present the earliest case of a FLIT tumor described by ultrasound and MRI at 26 weeks of gestation. Our case highlights features suggestive of FLIT including presentation later in gestation in combination with findings on fetal MRI such as a solid appearance with radiating curved bands of high signal within and along the periphery of the lesion (not as intensely high signal as the typical CPAM), possibly detailing a radiographic signature for these tumors. The role of betamethasone for these tumors is not known.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Phillips
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - A Blask
- Division of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA.,Fetal Medicine Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - A DiPoto Brahmbhatt
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Sciences, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - A Lawrence
- Fetal Medicine Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - J Timofeev
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - A Badillo
- Fetal Medicine Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA.,Department Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - N Andescavage
- Fetal Medicine Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Neonatology, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
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Xiao Y, Yang Y, Wang Y, Li X, Wang W. Five Novel Genes Related to the Pathogenesis and Progression of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors by Bioinformatics Analysis With RT-qPCR Verification. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:937. [PMID: 31607839 PMCID: PMC6771308 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore novel related genes and potential biomarkers of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs). Materials and Methods Two data sets from ICGC and two from the NCBI GEO database were used to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in PanNETs. The common DEGs among the four sources were analyzed; furthermore, the relationship of these gene expression patterns with different PanNET grades, their mutation status and corresponding impact on prognosis, the interaction network, and the relationship with three known PanNET genes (ATRX, DAXX, and MEN1) were analyzed by two other GEO data and cBioPortal database. Finally, the expressions of novel DEGs were validated in Chinese PanNET tissues by RT-qPCR. Results Five new DEGs (ABCC8, PCSK2, IL13RA2, KLKB1, and PART1) and one confirmed DEG-ISL1 were identified. The mutation counts of DEGs increased with the tumor grade increasing from G1 to G3, and PanNET patients present vascular invasion or are deceased. These DEG expression patterns in PanNETs are quite different from that of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and are related to A–D–M (ATRX–DAXX–MEN1) mutation. ABCC8 and KLKB1 are co-occurrence with the A–D–M axis in PanNETs. Importantly, patients with DEG mutations have a lower survival rate. RT-qPCR verification results of KLKB1 (P < 0.01), IL13RA2 (P < 0.01), ABCC8 (P < 0.01), and PART1 (P < 0.0001) expressions in Chinese PanNET tissues are consistent with our database analysis, which were significantly up-regulated. However, the expression of PCSK2 (P < 0.01) was contrary to our bioinformatics analysis, which was significantly down-regulated, suggesting that the expression trend of PCSK2 may be different among different races. These results indicated that these five genes may play an important role in the occurrence and progression of PanNETs. Conclusion Five novel common DEGs identified are related to the development and prognosis of PanNETs and may serve as specific biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuemei Yang
- Molecular Pathology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfeng Wang
- Department of Pathology, Heilongjiang Province Land Reclamation Headquarters General Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoou Li
- Department of Pathology, DaXing Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenze Wang
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Cao Z, Gao Q, Fu M, Ni N, Pei Y, Ou WB. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase fusions: Roles in cancer and therapeutic perspectives. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:2020-2030. [PMID: 30675269 PMCID: PMC6341817 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) serves a crucial role in brain development. ALK is located on the short arm of chromosome 2 (2p23) and exchange of chromosomal segments with other genes, including nucleophosmin (NPM), echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 (EML4) and Trk-fused gene (TFG), readily occurs. Such chromosomal translocation results in the formation of chimeric X-ALK fusion oncoproteins, which possess potential oncogenic functions due to constitutive activation of ALK kinase. These proteins contribute to the pathogenesis of various hematological malignancies and solid tumors, including lymphoma, lung cancer, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs), Spitz tumors, renal carcinoma, thyroid cancer, digestive tract cancer, breast cancer, leukemia and ovarian carcinoma. Targeting of ALK fusion oncoproteins exclusively, or in combination with ALK kinase inhibitors including crizotinib, is the most common therapeutic strategy. As is often the case for small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), drug resistance eventually develops via an adaptive secondary mutation in the ALK fusion oncogene, or through engagement of alternative signaling mechanisms. The updated mechanisms of a variety of ALK fusions in tumorigenesis, proliferation and metastasis, in addition to targeted therapies are discussed below.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifa Cao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactors and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P.R. China
| | - Qian Gao
- Emergency Department, Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital, Fourth Central Hospital Affiliated with Nankai University, Tianjin 300140, P.R. China
| | - Meixian Fu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactors and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P.R. China
| | - Nan Ni
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactors and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P.R. China
| | - Yuting Pei
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactors and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Bin Ou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactors and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P.R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314006, P.R. China
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Riccardo F, Réal A, Voena C, Chiarle R, Cavallo F, Barutello G. Maternal Immunization: New Perspectives on Its Application Against Non-Infectious Related Diseases in Newborns. Vaccines (Basel) 2017; 5:E20. [PMID: 28763018 PMCID: PMC5620551 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines5030020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The continuous evolution in preventive medicine has anointed vaccination a versatile, human-health improving tool, which has led to a steady decline in deaths in the developing world. Maternal immunization represents an incisive step forward for the field of vaccination as it provides protection against various life-threatening diseases in pregnant women and their children. A number of studies to improve prevention rates and expand protection against the largest possible number of infections are still in progress. The complex unicity of the mother-infant interaction, both during and after pregnancy and which involves immune system cells and molecules, is an able partner in the success of maternal immunization, as intended thus far. Interestingly, new studies have shed light on the versatility of maternal immunization in protecting infants from non-infectious related diseases, such as allergy, asthma and congenital metabolic disorders. However, barely any attempt at applying maternal immunization to the prevention of childhood cancer has been made. The most promising study reported in this new field is a recent proof of concept on the efficacy of maternal immunization in protecting cancer-prone offspring against mammary tumor progression. New investigations into the possibility of exploiting maternal immunization to prevent the onset and/or progression of neuroblastoma, one of the most common childhood malignancies, are therefore justified. Maternal immunization is presented in a new guise in this review. Attention will be focused on its versatility and potential applications in preventing tumor progression in neuroblastoma-prone offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Riccardo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino 10126, Italy.
| | - Aline Réal
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino 10126, Italy.
| | - Claudia Voena
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, University of Torino, Torino 10126, Italy.
| | - Roberto Chiarle
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, University of Torino, Torino 10126, Italy.
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Federica Cavallo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino 10126, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Barutello
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino 10126, Italy.
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Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors of the lung carrying a chimeric A2M-ALK gene: report of 2 infantile cases and review of the differential diagnosis of infantile pulmonary lesions. Hum Pathol 2017; 66:177-182. [PMID: 28705706 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We report 2 infantile cases of pulmonary tumor carrying a chimeric A2M-ALK gene. A2M-ALK is a newly identified anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-related chimeric gene from a tumor diagnosed as fetal lung interstitial tumor (FLIT). FLIT is a recently recognized infantile pulmonary lesion defined as a mass-like lesion that morphologically resembles the fetal lung. Grossly, FLIT characteristically appears as a well-circumscribed spongy mass, whereas the tumors in these patients were solid and firm. Histologically, the tumors showed intrapulmonary lesions composed of densely proliferating polygonal or spindle-shaped mesenchymal cells with diffuse and dense infiltrations of inflammatory cells forming microcystic or micropapillary structures lined by thyroid transcription factor 1-positive pneumocytes, favoring inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor rather than FLIT. The proliferating cells were immunoreactive for ALK, and A2M-ALK was identified in both tumors with reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. The dense infiltration of inflammatory cells, immunoreactivity for ALK, and identification of an ALK-related chimeric gene suggested a diagnosis of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor. Histologically, most reported FLITs show sparse inflammatory infiltrates and a relatively low density of interstitial cells in the septa, although prominent infiltration of inflammatory cells and high cellularity of interstitial cells are seen in some FLITs. The present cases suggest that ALK rearrangements, including the chimeric A2M-ALK gene, may be present in these infantile pulmonary lesions, especially those with inflammatory cell infiltration. We propose that these infantile pulmonary lesions containing a chimeric A2M-ALK gene be categorized as a specific type of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor that develops exclusively in neonates and infants.
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