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Karlsson K, Przybilla MJ, Kotler E, Khan A, Xu H, Karagyozova K, Sockell A, Wong WH, Liu K, Mah A, Lo YH, Lu B, Houlahan KE, Ma Z, Suarez CJ, Barnes CP, Kuo CJ, Curtis C. Deterministic evolution and stringent selection during preneoplasia. Nature 2023; 618:383-393. [PMID: 37258665 PMCID: PMC10247377 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06102-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The earliest events during human tumour initiation, although poorly characterized, may hold clues to malignancy detection and prevention1. Here we model occult preneoplasia by biallelic inactivation of TP53, a common early event in gastric cancer, in human gastric organoids. Causal relationships between this initiating genetic lesion and resulting phenotypes were established using experimental evolution in multiple clonally derived cultures over 2 years. TP53 loss elicited progressive aneuploidy, including copy number alterations and structural variants prevalent in gastric cancers, with evident preferred orders. Longitudinal single-cell sequencing of TP53-deficient gastric organoids similarly indicates progression towards malignant transcriptional programmes. Moreover, high-throughput lineage tracing with expressed cellular barcodes demonstrates reproducible dynamics whereby initially rare subclones with shared transcriptional programmes repeatedly attain clonal dominance. This powerful platform for experimental evolution exposes stringent selection, clonal interference and a marked degree of phenotypic convergence in premalignant epithelial organoids. These data imply predictability in the earliest stages of tumorigenesis and show evolutionary constraints and barriers to malignant transformation, with implications for earlier detection and interception of aggressive, genome-instable tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper Karlsson
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Science for Life Laboratory and Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Moritz J Przybilla
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wellcome Sanger Institute & University of Cambridge, Hinxton, UK
| | - Eran Kotler
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Aziz Khan
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hang Xu
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kremena Karagyozova
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alexandra Sockell
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Wing H Wong
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Katherine Liu
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Amanda Mah
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yuan-Hung Lo
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bingxin Lu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kathleen E Houlahan
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zhicheng Ma
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Carlos J Suarez
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chris P Barnes
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Calvin J Kuo
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Christina Curtis
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub - San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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2
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Niu Z, Jiang D, Shen J, Liu W, Tan X, Cao G. Potential Role of the Fragile Histidine Triad in Cancer Evo-Dev. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041144. [PMID: 36831487 PMCID: PMC9954361 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer development follows an evolutionary pattern of "mutation-selection-adaptation" detailed by Cancer Evolution and Development (Cancer Evo-Dev), a theory that represents a process of accumulating somatic mutations due to the imbalance between the mutation-promoting force and the mutation-repairing force and retro-differentiation of the mutant cells to cancer initiation cells in a chronic inflammatory microenvironment. The fragile histidine triad (FHIT) gene is a tumor suppressor gene whose expression is often reduced or inactivated in precancerous lesions during chronic inflammation or virus-induced replicative stress. Here, we summarize evidence regarding the mechanisms by which the FHIT is inactivated in cancer, including the loss of heterozygosity and the promoter methylation, and characterizes the role of the FHIT in bridging macroevolution and microevolution and in facilitating retro-differentiation during cancer evolution and development. It is suggested that decreased FHIT expression is involved in several critical steps of Cancer Evo-Dev. Future research needs to focus on the role and mechanisms of the FHIT in promoting the transformation of pre-cancerous lesions into cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheyun Niu
- Shanghai East Hospital, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Dongming Jiang
- Shanghai East Hospital, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Jiaying Shen
- Shanghai East Hospital, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Bioprotection, Shanghai 200433, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Defense, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200433, China
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaojie Tan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Bioprotection, Shanghai 200433, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Defense, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200433, China
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guangwen Cao
- Shanghai East Hospital, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Tongji University School of Medicine Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Bioprotection, Shanghai 200433, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Defense, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200433, China
- Department of Epidemiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-21-81871060
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3
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Situ Y, Gao R, Lei L, Deng L, Xu Q, Shao Z. System analysis of FHIT in LUAD and LUSC: The expression, prognosis, gene regulation network, and regulation targets. Int J Biol Markers 2022; 37:158-169. [PMID: 35254116 DOI: 10.1177/03936155221084056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fragile histidine triad (FHIT) is a strong tumor suppressor gene, and cells deficient in FHIT are prone to acquiring cancer-promoting mutations. Due to its location, deletions within FHIT are common in cancer. Over 50% of cancers show loss of FHIT expression. However, to date, expression levels, gene regulatory networks, prognostic value, and target prediction of FHIT in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) have not been fully reported. Therefore, systematic analysis of FHIT expression, gene regulatory network, prognostic value, and targeted prediction in patients with LUAD and LUSC has important guiding significance, providing new therapeutic targets and strategies for clinical treatment of lung cancer to further improve the therapeutic effect of lung cancer. METHODS Multiple free online databases were used for the abovementioned analysis in this study, including cBioPortal, TRRUST, Human Protein Atlas, GeneMANIA, GEPIA, Metascape, UALCAN, LinkedOmics, and TIMER. RESULTS FHIT was upregulated in patients with LUAD, and downregulated in patients with LUSC. Genetic alterations of FHIT were found in patients with LUAD (7%), and LUSC (10%). The promoter methylation of FHIT was lower in patients with LUAD and LUSC. FHIT expression significantly correlated with LUSC pathological stages. Furthermore, patients with LUAD and LUSC having low FHIT expression levels had a longer survival than those having high FHIT expression levels. FHIT and its neighboring genes (the 50 most frequently altered neighboring genes of FHIT) functioned in the regulation of protein kinase and DNA binding in patients with LUAD, as well as cell channels and membrane potential in patients with LUSC. Gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed that the functions of FHIT and its neighboring genes are mainly related to disordered domain-specific binding, protein kinase binding, and ion gated channel activity in patients with LUAD, as well as calcium ion binding and intracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity in patients with LUSC. Transcription factor targets of FHIT and its neighboring genes in patients with lung cancer were found: USF1, SOX6, USF2, SIRT1, VHL, LEF1, EZH2, TP53, HDAC1, ESR1, EGR1, YY1, MYC, RELA, NFKB1, and E2F1 in LUAD; and HDAC1, DNMT1, and E2F1 in LUSC. We further explored the FHIT-associated kinase (PRKCQ, AURKB and ATM in LUAD as well as PLK3 in LUSC) and FHIT-associated miRNA targets (MIR-188, MIR-323, and MIR-518A-2 in LUAD). Furthermore, the following genes had the strongest correlation with FHIT expression in patients with lung cancer: NICN1, HEMK1, and BDH2 in LUAD, and ZMAT1, TTC21A, and NICN1 in LUSC. FHIT expression was positively associated with immune cell infiltration (B cell) in patients with LUAD, as well as B cell, CD8 + T, CD4 + T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells in patients with LUSC. Nevertheless, FHIT expression was negatively associated with CD8 + T cells and neutrophils in patients with LUAD. CONCLUSIONS The expression, gene regulatory network, prognostic value and targeted prediction of FHIT in patients with LUAD and LUSC were systematically analyzed and revealed in this study, thereby laying a foundation for further research on the role of FHIT in LUAD and LUSC occurrence. This study provides new LUAD and LUSC therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers as a reference for fundamental and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Situ
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China.,International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ruxiu Gao
- Department of Parasitology, 12453Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023,Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Lei
- Department of Parasitology, 12453Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023,Guangdong, China
| | - Li Deng
- Department of Parasitology, 12453Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023,Guangdong, China
| | - Qinying Xu
- Department of Parasitology, 12453Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023,Guangdong, China
| | - Zheng Shao
- Department of Parasitology, 12453Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023,Guangdong, China
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Ganesamoorthy D, Robertson AJ, Chen W, Hall MB, Cao MD, Ferguson K, Lakhani SR, Nones K, Simpson PT, Coin LJM. Whole genome deep sequencing analysis of cell-free DNA in samples with low tumour content. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:85. [PMID: 35057759 PMCID: PMC8772083 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-09160-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in the plasma of cancer patients contains cell-free tumour DNA (ctDNA) derived from tumour cells and it has been widely recognized as a non-invasive source of tumour DNA for diagnosis and prognosis of cancer. Molecular profiling of ctDNA is often performed using targeted sequencing or low-coverage whole genome sequencing (WGS) to identify tumour specific somatic mutations or somatic copy number aberrations (sCNAs). However, these approaches cannot efficiently detect all tumour-derived genomic changes in ctDNA. Methods We performed WGS analysis of cfDNA from 4 breast cancer patients and 2 patients with benign tumours. We sequenced matched germline DNA for all 6 patients and tumour samples from the breast cancer patients. All samples were sequenced on Illumina HiSeqXTen sequencing platform and achieved approximately 30x, 60x and 100x coverage on germline, tumour and plasma DNA samples, respectively. Results The mutational burden of the plasma samples (1.44 somatic mutations/Mb of genome) was higher than the matched tumour samples. However, 90% of high confidence somatic cfDNA variants were not detected in matched tumour samples and were found to comprise two background plasma mutational signatures. In contrast, cfDNA from the di-nucleosome fraction (300 bp–350 bp) had much higher proportion (30%) of variants shared with tumour. Despite high coverage sequencing we were unable to detect sCNAs in plasma samples. Conclusions Deep sequencing analysis of plasma samples revealed higher fraction of unique somatic mutations in plasma samples, which were not detected in matched tumour samples. Sequencing of di-nucleosome bound cfDNA fragments may increase recovery of tumour mutations from plasma. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-09160-1.
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5
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Maru Y, Tanaka N, Tatsumi Y, Nakamura Y, Yao R, Noda T, Itami M, Hippo Y. Probing the tumorigenic potential of genetic interactions reconstituted in murine fallopian tube organoids. J Pathol 2021; 255:177-189. [PMID: 34184756 DOI: 10.1002/path.5752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Genetically engineered mice have been the gold standard in modeling tumor development. Recent studies have demonstrated that genetically engineered organoids can develop subcutaneous tumors in immunocompromised mice, at least for organs that prefer predominant driver mutations for tumorigenesis. To further substantiate this concept, the fallopian tube (FT), a major cell of origin of ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC), which almost invariably carries TP53 mutations, was investigated for p53 inactivation-driven tumorigenesis. Murine FT organoids subjected to lentiviral Cre-mediated Trp53 deletion did not develop tumors. However, subsequent suppression of Pten and simultaneous induction of mutant Pik3ca led to the development of carcinoma in situ and HGSC-like tumors, respectively, whereas concurrent deletion of Apc resulted in the development of benign cysts, mirroring frequent activation of the PI3K/AKT axis and the marginal impact of Wnt pathway activation in HGSC. Consistent with the frequent activation of the RAS pathway in HGSC, mutant Kras cooperated with Trp53 deletion for the development of tumors, which unexpectedly contained sarcoma cells in addition to carcinoma cells, despite the epithelial origin of the inoculated organoids. This finding is in sharp contrast with the exclusive adenocarcinoma development from gastrointestinal organoids with the same genotype reported in previous studies, suggesting a tissue-specific epithelial-mesenchymal transition program. In tumor-derived organoids, the Cre-mediated recombination rate reached 100% for Trp53 but not for the other genes, highlighting the advantage of p53 inactivation in FT tumorigenesis. The Trp53 wildtype FT organoids expressing the mutant Kras developed sarcoma and carcinoma upon Cdkn2a suppression and Tgfbr2 deletion, respectively, revealing novel pro-tumorigenic genetic cooperation and critical roles of TGF-β signaling for epithelial-mesenchymal transition in FT-derived tumorigenesis. Collectively, the organoid-based approach represents a shortcut to tumorigenesis and provides novel insights into the relationships among genotype, cell type, and tumor phenotype underlying tumorigenesis. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Maru
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naotake Tanaka
- Department of Gynecology, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasutoshi Tatsumi
- Division of Oncogenomics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakamura
- Division of Oncogenomics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ryoji Yao
- Department of Cell Biology, The Cancer Institute of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Noda
- Director's Office, The Cancer Institute of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makiko Itami
- Division of Surgical Pathology, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hippo
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
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6
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Bellon M, Bialuk I, Galli V, Bai XT, Farre L, Bittencourt A, Marçais A, Petrus MN, Ratner L, Waldmann TA, Asnafi V, Gessain A, Matsuoka M, Franchini G, Hermine O, Watanabe T, Nicot C. Germinal epimutation of Fragile Histidine Triad (FHIT) gene is associated with progression to acute and chronic adult T-cell leukemia diseases. Mol Cancer 2021; 20:86. [PMID: 34092254 PMCID: PMC8183032 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-021-01370-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human T cell Leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-I) is etiologically linked to adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) and an inflammatory neurodegenerative disease called HTLV-I-associated myelopathy or tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). The exact genetic or epigenetic events and/or environmental factors that influence the development of ATL, or HAM/TSP diseases are largely unknown. The tumor suppressor gene, Fragile Histidine Triad Diadenosine Triphosphatase (FHIT), is frequently lost in cancer through epigenetic modifications and/or deletion. FHIT is a tumor suppressor acting as genome caretaker by regulating cellular DNA repair. Indeed, FHIT loss leads to replicative stress and accumulation of double DNA strand breaks. Therefore, loss of FHIT expression plays a key role in cellular transformation. METHODS Here, we studied over 400 samples from HTLV-I-infected individuals with ATL, TSP/HAM, or asymptomatic carriers (AC) for FHIT loss and expression. We examined the epigenetic status of FHIT through methylation specific PCR and bisulfite sequencing; and correlated these results to FHIT expression in patient samples. RESULTS We found that epigenetic alteration of FHIT is specifically found in chronic and acute ATL but is absent in asymptomatic HTLV-I carriers and TSP/HAM patients' samples. Furthermore, the extent of FHIT methylation in ATL patients was quantitatively comparable in virus-infected and virus non-infected cells. We also found that longitudinal HTLV-I carriers that progressed to smoldering ATL and descendants of ATL patients harbor FHIT methylation. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that germinal epigenetic mutation of FHIT represents a preexisting mark predisposing to the development of ATL diseases. These findings have important clinical implications as patients with acute ATL are rarely cured. Our study suggests an alternative strategy to the current "wait and see approach" in that early screening of HTLV-I-infected individuals for germinal epimutation of FHIT and early treatment may offer significant clinical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Bellon
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Izabela Bialuk
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Veronica Galli
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xue-Tao Bai
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Health Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lourdes Farre
- Program in Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Achilea Bittencourt
- Department of Pathology, Prof. Edgard Santos Teaching Hospital, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Ambroise Marçais
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1151, Laboratoire Onco-Hématologie, Paris, France
| | - Michael N Petrus
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lee Ratner
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Thomas A Waldmann
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vahid Asnafi
- Université de Paris (Descartes), Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1151 Laboratoire Onco-Hematology, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Gessain
- Unité d'épidémiologie et de Physiopathologie des virus Oncogene, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 3569, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Masao Matsuoka
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Hematology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Disease, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Genoveffa Franchini
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Olivier Hermine
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1151, Laboratoire Onco-Hématologie, Paris, France
| | - Toshiki Watanabe
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, IMSUT Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Christophe Nicot
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
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Primo LMF, Teixeira LK. DNA replication stress: oncogenes in the spotlight. Genet Mol Biol 2019; 43:e20190138. [PMID: 31930281 PMCID: PMC7197996 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685gmb-2019-0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Precise replication of genetic material is essential to maintain genome stability. DNA replication is a tightly regulated process that ensues faithful copies of DNA molecules to daughter cells during each cell cycle. Perturbation of DNA replication may compromise the transmission of genetic information, leading to DNA damage, mutations, and chromosomal rearrangements. DNA replication stress, also referred to as DNA replicative stress, is defined as the slowing or stalling of replication fork progression during DNA synthesis as a result of different insults. Oncogene activation, one hallmark of cancer, is able to disturb numerous cellular processes, including DNA replication. In fact, extensive work has indicated that oncogene-induced replication stress is an important source of genomic instability in human carcinogenesis. In this review, we focus on main oncogenes that induce DNA replication stress, such as RAS, MYC, Cyclin E, MDM2, and BCL-2 among others, and the molecular mechanisms by which these oncogenes interfere with normal DNA replication and promote genomic instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza M. F. Primo
- Group of Cell Cycle Control, Program of Immunology and Tumor
Biology. Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ,
Brazil
| | - Leonardo K. Teixeira
- Group of Cell Cycle Control, Program of Immunology and Tumor
Biology. Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ,
Brazil
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8
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Abstract
Precise replication of genetic material is essential to maintain genome stability. DNA replication is a tightly regulated process that ensues faithful copies of DNA molecules to daughter cells during each cell cycle. Perturbation of DNA replication may compromise the transmission of genetic information, leading to DNA damage, mutations, and chromosomal rearrangements. DNA replication stress, also referred to as DNA replicative stress, is defined as the slowing or stalling of replication fork progression during DNA synthesis as a result of different insults. Oncogene activation, one hallmark of cancer, is able to disturb numerous cellular processes, including DNA replication. In fact, extensive work has indicated that oncogene-induced replication stress is an important source of genomic instability in human carcinogenesis. In this review, we focus on main oncogenes that induce DNA replication stress, such as RAS, MYC, Cyclin E, MDM2, and BCL-2 among others, and the molecular mechanisms by which these oncogenes interfere with normal DNA replication and promote genomic instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza M F Primo
- Group of Cell Cycle Control, Program of Immunology and Tumor Biology. Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Leonardo K Teixeira
- Group of Cell Cycle Control, Program of Immunology and Tumor Biology. Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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