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Vokshi BH, Davidson G, Tawanaie Pour Sedehi N, Helleux A, Rippinger M, Haller AR, Gantzer J, Thouvenin J, Baltzinger P, Bouarich R, Manriquez V, Zaidi S, Rao P, Msaouel P, Su X, Lang H, Tricard T, Lindner V, Surdez D, Kurtz JE, Bourdeaut F, Tannir NM, Davidson I, Malouf GG. SMARCB1 regulates a TFCP2L1-MYC transcriptional switch promoting renal medullary carcinoma transformation and ferroptosis resistance. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3034. [PMID: 37236926 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38472-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal medullary carcinoma (RMC) is an aggressive tumour driven by bi-allelic loss of SMARCB1 and tightly associated with sickle cell trait. However, the cell-of-origin and oncogenic mechanism remain poorly understood. Using single-cell sequencing of human RMC, we defined transformation of thick ascending limb (TAL) cells into an epithelial-mesenchymal gradient of RMC cells associated with loss of renal epithelial transcription factors TFCP2L1, HOXB9 and MITF and gain of MYC and NFE2L2-associated oncogenic and ferroptosis resistance programs. We describe the molecular basis for this transcriptional switch that is reversed by SMARCB1 re-expression repressing the oncogenic and ferroptosis resistance programs leading to ferroptotic cell death. Ferroptosis resistance links TAL cell survival with the high extracellular medullar iron concentrations associated with sickle cell trait, an environment propitious to the mutagenic events associated with RMC development. This unique environment may explain why RMC is the only SMARCB1-deficient tumour arising from epithelial cells, differentiating RMC from rhabdoid tumours arising from neural crest cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bujamin H Vokshi
- Department of Cancer and Functional Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, CNRS/INSERM/UNISTRA, 67400, Illkirch, France
| | - Guillaume Davidson
- Department of Cancer and Functional Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, CNRS/INSERM/UNISTRA, 67400, Illkirch, France
| | - Nassim Tawanaie Pour Sedehi
- Department of Cancer and Functional Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, CNRS/INSERM/UNISTRA, 67400, Illkirch, France
| | - Alexandra Helleux
- Department of Cancer and Functional Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, CNRS/INSERM/UNISTRA, 67400, Illkirch, France
| | - Marc Rippinger
- Department of Cancer and Functional Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, CNRS/INSERM/UNISTRA, 67400, Illkirch, France
| | - Alexandre R Haller
- Department of Cancer and Functional Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, CNRS/INSERM/UNISTRA, 67400, Illkirch, France
| | - Justine Gantzer
- Department of Cancer and Functional Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, CNRS/INSERM/UNISTRA, 67400, Illkirch, France
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe, 67200, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jonathan Thouvenin
- Department of Cancer and Functional Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, CNRS/INSERM/UNISTRA, 67400, Illkirch, France
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe, 67200, Strasbourg, France
| | - Philippe Baltzinger
- Department of Cancer and Functional Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, CNRS/INSERM/UNISTRA, 67400, Illkirch, France
| | - Rachida Bouarich
- INSERM U830, Équipe Labellisée LNCC, Diversity and Plasticity of Childhood Tumors Lab, Institut Curie Research Centre, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Valeria Manriquez
- INSERM U830, Équipe Labellisée LNCC, Diversity and Plasticity of Childhood Tumors Lab, Institut Curie Research Centre, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Sakina Zaidi
- INSERM U830, Équipe Labellisée LNCC, Diversity and Plasticity of Childhood Tumors Lab, Institut Curie Research Centre, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Priya Rao
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Pavlos Msaouel
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xiaoping Su
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Division of Quantitative Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Hervé Lang
- Department of Urology, CHRU Strasbourg, Strasbourg University, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Thibault Tricard
- Department of Urology, CHRU Strasbourg, Strasbourg University, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Véronique Lindner
- Department of Pathology, CHRU Strasbourg, Strasbourg University, 67200, Strasbourg, France
| | - Didier Surdez
- Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- INSERM, U830, Pediatric Translational Research, PSL Research University, SIREDO Oncology Center, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Emmanuel Kurtz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe, 67200, Strasbourg, France
| | - Franck Bourdeaut
- INSERM U830, Équipe Labellisée LNCC, Diversity and Plasticity of Childhood Tumors Lab, Institut Curie Research Centre, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Nizar M Tannir
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Irwin Davidson
- Department of Cancer and Functional Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, CNRS/INSERM/UNISTRA, 67400, Illkirch, France.
- 'Équipe Labellisée' Ligue National contre le Cancer, Paris, France.
| | - Gabriel G Malouf
- Department of Cancer and Functional Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, CNRS/INSERM/UNISTRA, 67400, Illkirch, France.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe, 67200, Strasbourg, France.
- 'Équipe Labellisée' Ligue National contre le Cancer, Paris, France.
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2
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Lang M, Schmidt LS, Wilson KM, Ricketts CJ, Sourbier C, Vocke CD, Wei D, Crooks DR, Yang Y, Gibbs BK, Zhang X, Klumpp-Thomas C, Chen L, Guha R, Ferrer M, McKnight C, Itkin Z, Wangsa D, Wangsa D, James A, Difilippantonio S, Karim B, Morís F, Ried T, Merino MJ, Srinivasan R, Thomas CJ, Linehan WM. High-throughput and targeted drug screens identify pharmacological candidates against MiT-translocation renal cell carcinoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:99. [PMID: 37095531 PMCID: PMC10127337 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02667-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MiT-Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) is characterized by genomic translocations involving microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MiT) family members TFE3, TFEB, or MITF. MiT-RCC represents a specific subtype of sporadic RCC that is predominantly seen in young patients and can present with heterogeneous histological features making diagnosis challenging. Moreover, the disease biology of this aggressive cancer is poorly understood and there is no accepted standard of care therapy for patients with advanced disease. Tumor-derived cell lines have been established from human TFE3-RCC providing useful models for preclinical studies. METHODS TFE3-RCC tumor derived cell lines and their tissues of origin were characterized by IHC and gene expression analyses. An unbiased high-throughput drug screen was performed to identify novel therapeutic agents for treatment of MiT-RCC. Potential therapeutic candidates were validated in in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies. Mechanistic assays were conducted to confirm the on-target effects of drugs. RESULTS The results of a high-throughput small molecule drug screen utilizing three TFE3-RCC tumor-derived cell lines identified five classes of agents with potential pharmacological efficacy, including inhibitors of phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), and several additional agents, including the transcription inhibitor Mithramycin A. Upregulation of the cell surface marker GPNMB, a specific MiT transcriptional target, was confirmed in TFE3-RCC and evaluated as a therapeutic target using the GPNMB-targeted antibody-drug conjugate CDX-011. In vitro and in vivo preclinical studies demonstrated efficacy of the PI3K/mTOR inhibitor NVP-BGT226, Mithramycin A, and CDX-011 as potential therapeutic options for treating advanced MiT-RCC as single agents or in combination. CONCLUSIONS The results of the high-throughput drug screen and validation studies in TFE3-RCC tumor-derived cell lines have provided in vitro and in vivo preclinical data supporting the efficacy of the PI3K/mTOR inhibitor NVP-BGT226, the transcription inhibitor Mithramycin A, and GPNMB-targeted antibody-drug conjugate CDX-011 as potential therapeutic options for treating advanced MiT-RCC. The findings presented here should provide the basis for designing future clinical trials for patients with MiT-driven RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lang
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, 39100, Italy
| | - Laura S Schmidt
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Kelli M Wilson
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christopher J Ricketts
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carole Sourbier
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cathy D Vocke
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Darmood Wei
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel R Crooks
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Youfeng Yang
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Benjamin K Gibbs
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xiaohu Zhang
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carleen Klumpp-Thomas
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lu Chen
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rajarshi Guha
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marc Ferrer
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Crystal McKnight
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zina Itkin
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Darawalee Wangsa
- Genetics Branch, Cancer Genomics Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Danny Wangsa
- Genetics Branch, Cancer Genomics Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amy James
- Laboratory of Animal Sciences Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Simone Difilippantonio
- Laboratory of Animal Sciences Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Baktir Karim
- Laboratory of Animal Sciences Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Francisco Morís
- EntreChem SL, Vivero Ciencias de la Salud, Calle Colegio Santo Domingo Guzmán, Oviedo, AS, 33011, Spain
| | - Thomas Ried
- Genetics Branch, Cancer Genomics Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maria J Merino
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ramaprasad Srinivasan
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Craig J Thomas
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - W Marston Linehan
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Fincke VE, Krulik ME, Joshi P, Frühwald MC, Chen YB, Johann PD. Renal Medullary Carcinomas Harbor a Distinct Methylation Phenotype and Display Aberrant Methylation of Genes Related to Early Nephrogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14205044. [PMID: 36291828 PMCID: PMC9599670 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14205044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal medullary carcinomas (RMC) are rare aggressive tumors of the kidneys, characterized by a loss of SMARCB1. Characteristically, these tumors arise in patients with sickle cell trait or other hemoglobinopathies. Recent characterization efforts have unraveled oncogenic pathways that drive tumorigenesis. Among these, gene sets that characterize replicative stress and the innate immune response are upregulated in RMCs. Despite comprehensive genetic and transcriptomic characterizations, commonalities or differences to other SMARCB1 deficient entities so far have not been investigated. We analyzed the methylome of seven primary RMC and compared it to other SMARCB1 deficient entities such as rhabdoid tumors (RT) and epithelioid sarcomas using 850 K methylation arrays. Moreover, we evaluated the differential gene expression of RMC using RNA-sequencing in comparison to other rhabdoid tumors. In accordance with previous gene expression data, we found that RMCs separate from other SMARCB1 deficient entities, pointing to a potentially different cell of origin and a role of additional genetic aberrations that may drive tumorigenesis and thus alter the methylome when compared to rhabdoid tumors. In a focused analysis of genes that are important for nephrogenesis, we particularly detected genes that govern early nephrogenesis such as FOXI1 to be hypomethylated and expressed at high levels in RMC. Overall, our analyses underscore the fact that RMCs represent a separate entity with limited similarities to rhabdoid tumors, warranting specific treatment tailored to the aggressiveness of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria E. Fincke
- Swabian Children’s Cancer Center, University Hospital Augsburg, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (V.E.F.); (P.D.J.)
| | - Mateja E. Krulik
- Swabian Children’s Cancer Center, University Hospital Augsburg, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Piyush Joshi
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center (KiTZ) Heidelberg, Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael C. Frühwald
- Swabian Children’s Cancer Center, University Hospital Augsburg, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Ying-Bei Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Pascal D. Johann
- Swabian Children’s Cancer Center, University Hospital Augsburg, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center (KiTZ) Heidelberg, Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: (V.E.F.); (P.D.J.)
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4
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Su Y, Hong AL. Recent Advances in Renal Medullary Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137097. [PMID: 35806102 PMCID: PMC9266801 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal medullary carcinoma (RMC) is a rare renal malignancy that has been associated with sickle hemoglobinopathies. RMC is aggressive, difficult to treat, and occurs primarily in adolescents and young adults of African ancestry. This cancer is driven by the loss of SMARCB1, a tumor suppressor seen in a number of primarily rare childhood cancers (e.g., rhabdoid tumor of the kidney and atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor). Treatment options remain limited due in part to the limited knowledge of RMC biology. However, significant advances have been made in unraveling the biology of RMC, from genomics to therapeutic targets, over the past 5 years. In this review, we will present these advances and discuss what new questions exist in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongdong Su
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Andrew L. Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Correspondence:
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5
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New developments in existing WHO entities and evolving molecular concepts: The Genitourinary Pathology Society (GUPS) update on renal neoplasia. Mod Pathol 2021; 34:1392-1424. [PMID: 33664427 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-021-00779-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The Genitourinary Pathology Society (GUPS) reviewed recent advances in renal neoplasia, particularly post-2016 World Health Organization (WHO) classification, to provide an update on existing entities, including diagnostic criteria, molecular correlates, and updated nomenclature. Key prognostic features for clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remain WHO/ISUP grade, AJCC/pTNM stage, coagulative necrosis, and rhabdoid and sarcomatoid differentiation. Accrual of subclonal genetic alterations in clear cell RCC including SETD2, PBRM1, BAP1, loss of chromosome 14q and 9p are associated with variable prognosis, patterns of metastasis, and vulnerability to therapies. Recent National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines increasingly adopt immunotherapeutic agents in advanced RCC, including RCC with rhabdoid and sarcomatoid changes. Papillary RCC subtyping is no longer recommended, as WHO/ISUP grade and tumor architecture better predict outcome. New papillary RCC variants/patterns include biphasic, solid, Warthin-like, and papillary renal neoplasm with reverse polarity. For tumors with 'borderline' features between oncocytoma and chromophobe RCC, a term "oncocytic renal neoplasm of low malignant potential, not further classified" is proposed. Clear cell papillary RCC may warrant reclassification as a tumor of low malignant potential. Tubulocystic RCC should only be diagnosed when morphologically pure. MiTF family translocation RCCs exhibit varied morphologic patterns and fusion partners. TFEB-amplified RCC occurs in older patients and is associated with more aggressive behavior. Acquired cystic disease (ACD) RCC-like cysts are likely precursors of ACD-RCC. The diagnosis of renal medullary carcinoma requires a negative SMARCB1 (INI-1) expression and sickle cell trait/disease. Mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma (MTSCC) can be distinguished from papillary RCC with overlapping morphology by losses of chromosomes 1, 4, 6, 8, 9, 13, 14, 15, and 22. MTSCC with adverse histologic features shows frequent CDKN2A/2B (9p) deletions. BRAF mutations unify the metanephric family of tumors. The term "fumarate hydratase deficient RCC" ("FH-deficient RCC") is preferred over "hereditary leiomyomatosis and RCC syndrome-associated RCC". A low threshold for FH, 2SC, and SDHB immunohistochemistry is recommended in difficult to classify RCCs, particularly those with eosinophilic morphology, occurring in younger patients. Current evidence does not support existence of a unique tumor subtype occurring after chemotherapy/radiation in early childhood.
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Wei D, Yang Y, Ricketts CJ, Vocke CD, Ball MW, Sourbier C, Wangsa D, Wangsa D, Guha R, Zhang X, Wilson K, Chen L, Meltzer PS, Ried T, Thomas CJ, Merino MJ, Linehan WM. Novel renal medullary carcinoma cell lines, UOK353 and UOK360, provide preclinical tools to identify new therapeutic treatments. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2020; 59:472-483. [PMID: 32259323 PMCID: PMC7383978 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal medullary carcinoma (RMC) is a rare, aggressive disease that predominantly afflicts individuals of African or Mediterranean descent with sickle cell trait. RMC comprises 1% of all renal cell carcinoma diagnoses with a median overall survival of 13 months. Patients are typically young (median age—22) and male (male:female ratio of 2:1) and tumors are characterized by complete loss of expression of the SMARCB1 tumor suppressor protein. Due to the low incidence of RMC and the disease's aggressiveness, treatment decisions are often based on case reports. Thus, it is critical to develop preclinical models of RMC to better understand the pathogenesis of this disease and to identify effective forms of therapy. Two novel cell line models, UOK353 and UOK360, were derived from primary RMCs that both demonstrated the characteristic SMARCB1 loss. Both cell lines overexpressed EZH2 and other members of the polycomb repressive complex and EZH2 inhibition in RMC tumor spheroids resulted in decreased viability. High throughput drug screening of both cell lines revealed several additional candidate compounds, including bortezomib that had both in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity. The activity of bortezomib was shown to be partially dependent on increased oxidative stress as addition of the N‐acetyl cysteine antioxidant reduced the effect on cell proliferation. Combining bortezomib and cisplatin further decreased cell viability both in vitro and in vivo that single agent bortezomib treatment. The UOK353 and UOK360 cell lines represent novel preclinical models for the development of effective forms of therapy for RMC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darmood Wei
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Youfeng Yang
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Christopher J Ricketts
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Cathy D Vocke
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Mark W Ball
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Carole Sourbier
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Darawalee Wangsa
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Danny Wangsa
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Rajarshi Guha
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States
| | - Xiaohu Zhang
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States
| | - Kelli Wilson
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States
| | - Lu Chen
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States
| | - Paul S Meltzer
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Thomas Ried
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Craig J Thomas
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States
| | - Maria J Merino
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - W Marston Linehan
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
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