1
|
Berry JL, Pike S, Shah R, Reid MW, Peng CC, Wang Y, Yellapantula V, Biegel J, Kuhn P, Hicks J, Xu L. Aqueous Humor Liquid Biopsy as a Companion Diagnostic for Retinoblastoma: Implications for Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Therapeutic Options: Five Years of Progress. Am J Ophthalmol 2024; 263:188-205. [PMID: 38040321 PMCID: PMC11148850 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2023.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To define the prospective use of the aqueous humor (AH) as a molecular diagnostic and prognostic liquid biopsy for retinoblastoma (RB). METHODS This is a prospective, observational study wherein an AH liquid biopsy is performed at diagnosis and longitudinally through therapy for patients with RB. Tumor-derived cell-free DNA is isolated and sequenced for single nucleotide variant analysis of the RB1 gene and detection of somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs). The SCNAs are used to determine tumor fraction (TFx). Specific SCNAs, including 6p gain and focal MycN gain, along with TFx, are prospectively correlated with intraocular tumor relapse, response to therapy, and globe salvage. RESULTS A total of 26 eyes of 21 patients were included with AH taken at diagnosis. Successful ocular salvage was achieved in 19 of 26 (73.1%) eyes. Mutational analysis of 26 AH samples identified 23 pathogenic RB1 variants and 2 focal RB1 deletions; variant allele fraction ranged from 30.5% to 100% (median 93.2%). At diagnosis, SCNAs were detectable in 17 of 26 (65.4%) AH samples. Eyes with 6p gain and/or focal MycN gain had significantly greater odds of poor therapeutic outcomes (odds ratio = 6.75, 95% CI = 1.06-42.84, P = .04). Higher AH TFx was observed in eyes with vitreal progression (TFx = 46.0% ± 40.4) than regression (22.0 ± 29.1; difference: -24.0; P = .049). CONCLUSIONS Establishing an AH liquid biopsy for RB is aimed at addressing (1) our inability to biopsy tumor tissue and (2) the lack of molecular biomarkers for intraocular prognosis. Current management decisions for RB are made based solely on clinical features without objective molecular testing. This prognostic study shows great promise for using AH as a companion diagnostic. NOTE: Publication of this article is sponsored by the American Ophthalmological Society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesse L Berry
- From the Vision Center, Children's Hospital Los Angeles (J.L.B., S.P., M.W.R., C.-C.P., L.X.); USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.L.B., S.P., M.W.R., C.-C.P., L.X.); the Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles (J.L.B., V.Y., J.B., L.X.); Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.L.B., P.K., J.H.).
| | - Sarah Pike
- From the Vision Center, Children's Hospital Los Angeles (J.L.B., S.P., M.W.R., C.-C.P., L.X.); USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.L.B., S.P., M.W.R., C.-C.P., L.X.)
| | - Rachana Shah
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles (R.S.)
| | - Mark W Reid
- From the Vision Center, Children's Hospital Los Angeles (J.L.B., S.P., M.W.R., C.-C.P., L.X.); USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.L.B., S.P., M.W.R., C.-C.P., L.X.)
| | - Chen-Ching Peng
- From the Vision Center, Children's Hospital Los Angeles (J.L.B., S.P., M.W.R., C.-C.P., L.X.); USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.L.B., S.P., M.W.R., C.-C.P., L.X.)
| | - Yingfei Wang
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles (R.S.); Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California (Y.W.)
| | - Venkata Yellapantula
- the Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles (J.L.B., V.Y., J.B., L.X.); Center for Personalized Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles (V.Y., J.B.)
| | - Jaclyn Biegel
- the Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles (J.L.B., V.Y., J.B., L.X.)
| | - Peter Kuhn
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.L.B., P.K., J.H.); USC Michelson Center for Convergent Biosciences and Department of Biological Sciences (P.K., J.H.), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - James Hicks
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.L.B., P.K., J.H.); USC Michelson Center for Convergent Biosciences and Department of Biological Sciences (P.K., J.H.), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Liya Xu
- From the Vision Center, Children's Hospital Los Angeles (J.L.B., S.P., M.W.R., C.-C.P., L.X.); USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (J.L.B., S.P., M.W.R., C.-C.P., L.X.); the Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles (J.L.B., V.Y., J.B., L.X.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu Y, Hu W, Xie Y, Tang J, Ma H, Li J, Nie J, Wang Y, Gao Y, Cheng C, Li C, Ma Y, Su S, Zhang Z, Bao Y, Ren Y, Wang X, Sun F, Li S, Lu R. Single-cell transcriptomics enable the characterization of local extension in retinoblastoma. Commun Biol 2024; 7:11. [PMID: 38172218 PMCID: PMC10764716 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05732-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most prevalent ocular tumor of childhood, and its extraocular invasion significantly increases the risk of metastasis. Nevertheless, a single-cell characterization of RB local extension has been lacking. Here, we perform single-cell RNA sequencing on four RB samples (two from intraocular and two from extraocular RB patients), and integrate public datasets of five normal retina samples, four intraocular samples, and three extraocular RB samples to characterize RB local extension at the single-cell level. A total of 128,454 qualified cells are obtained in nine major cell types. Copy number variation inference reveals chromosome 6p amplification in cells derived from extraocular RB samples. In cellular heterogeneity analysis, we identified 10, 8, and 7 cell subpopulations in cone precursor like cells, retinoma like cells, and MKI67+ photoreceptorness decreased (MKI67+ PhrD) cells, respectively. A high expression level of SOX4 was detected in cells from extraocular samples, especially in MKI67+ PhrD cells, which was verified in additional clinical RB samples. These results suggest that SOX4 might drive RB local extension. Our study presents a single-cell transcriptomic landscape of intraocular and extraocular RB samples, improving our understanding of RB local extension at the single-cell resolution and providing potential therapeutic targets for RB patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaoming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Precision Research Center for Refractory Diseases, Institute for Clinical Research, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 201620, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanjie Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junjie Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinmiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahe Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinghao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shicai Su
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuekun Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengyu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengli Li
- Precision Research Center for Refractory Diseases, Institute for Clinical Research, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 201620, Shanghai, China.
| | - Rong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 510060, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zeng Q, Wang S, Chen L, Wang J. Transcriptome analysis reveals molecularly distinct subtypes in retinoblastoma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16475. [PMID: 37777551 PMCID: PMC10542806 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42253-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma is the most frequent intraocular malignancy in children. Little is known on the molecular basis underlying the biological and clinical behavior of this cancer. Here, using gene expression profiles, we demonstrate the existence of two major retinoblastoma subtypes that can be divided into six subgroups. Subtype 1 has higher expression of cone related genes and higher percentage of RB1 germline mutation. By contrast, subtype 2 tumors harbor more genes with ganglion/neuronal features. The dedifferentiation in subtype 2 is associated with stemness features including low immune infiltration. Gene Otology analysis demonstrates that immune response regulations and visual related pathways are the key molecular difference between subtypes. Subtype 1b has the highest risk of invasiveness across all subtypes. The recognition of these molecular subtypes shed a light on the important biological and clinical perspectives for retinoblastomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zeng
- Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First-Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Sha Wang
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Lu Chen
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinwei Wang
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Stachelek K, Harutyunyan N, Lee S, Beck A, Kim J, Xu L, Berry JL, Nagiel A, Reynolds CP, Murphree AL, Lee TC, Aparicio JG, Cobrinik D. Non-synonymous, synonymous, and non-coding nucleotide variants contribute to recurrently altered biological processes during retinoblastoma progression. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2023; 62:275-289. [PMID: 36550020 PMCID: PMC10006380 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.23120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastomas form in response to biallelic RB1 mutations or MYCN amplification and progress to more aggressive and therapy-resistant phenotypes through accumulation of secondary genomic changes. Progression-related changes include recurrent somatic copy number alterations and typically non-recurrent nucleotide variants, including synonymous and non-coding variants, whose significance has been unclear. To determine if nucleotide variants recurrently affect specific biological processes, we identified altered genes and over-represented variant gene ontologies in 168 exome or whole-genome-sequenced retinoblastomas and 12 tumor-matched cell lines. In addition to RB1 mutations, MYCN amplification, and established retinoblastoma somatic copy number alterations, the analyses revealed enrichment of variant genes related to diverse biological processes including histone monoubiquitination, mRNA processing (P) body assembly, and mitotic sister chromatid segregation and cytokinesis. Importantly, non-coding and synonymous variants increased the enrichment significance of each over-represented biological process term. To assess the effects of such mutations, we examined the consequences of a 3' UTR variant of PCGF3 (a BCOR-binding component of Polycomb repressive complex I), dual 3' UTR variants of CDC14B (a regulator of sister chromatid segregation), and a synonymous variant of DYNC1H1 (a regulator of P-body assembly). One PCGF3 and one of two CDC14B 3' UTR variants impaired gene expression whereas a base-edited DYNC1H1 synonymous variant altered protease sensitivity and stability. Retinoblastoma cell lines retained only ~50% of variants detected in tumors and enriched for new variants affecting p53 signaling. These findings reveal potentially important differences in retinoblastoma cell lines and tumors and implicate synonymous and non-coding variants, along with non-synonymous variants, in retinoblastoma oncogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Stachelek
- The Vision Center and Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Cancer Biology and Genomics Program, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Narine Harutyunyan
- The Vision Center and Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Susan Lee
- The Vision Center and Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Assaf Beck
- The Vision Center and Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jonathan Kim
- The Vision Center and Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Liya Xu
- The Vision Center and Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jesse L. Berry
- The Vision Center and Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Aaron Nagiel
- The Vision Center and Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - C. Patrick Reynolds
- Department of Pediatrics and Cancer Center, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, Lubbock, TX
| | - A. Linn Murphree
- The Vision Center and Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Thomas C. Lee
- The Vision Center and Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jennifer G. Aparicio
- The Vision Center and Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - David Cobrinik
- The Vision Center and Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Galardi A, Stathopoulos C, Colletti M, Lavarello C, Russo I, Cozza R, Romanzo A, Carcaboso AM, Locatelli F, Petretto A, Munier FL, Di Giannatale A. Proteomics of Aqueous Humor as a Source of Disease Biomarkers in Retinoblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113458. [PMID: 36362243 PMCID: PMC9659039 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aqueous humor (AH) can be easily and safely used to evaluate disease-specific biomarkers in ocular disease. The aim of this study was to identify specific proteins biomarkers in the AH of retinoblastoma (RB) patients at various stages of the disease. We analyzed the proteome of 53 AH samples using high-resolution mass spectrometry. We grouped the samples according to active vitreous seeding (Group 1), active aqueous seeding (Group 2), naive RB (group 3), inactive RB (group 4), and congenital cataracts as the control (Group 5). We found a total of 889 proteins in all samples. Comparative parametric analyses among the different groups revealed three additional proteins expressed in the RB groups that were not expressed in the control group. These were histone H2B type 2-E (HISTH2B2E), InaD-like protein (PATJ), and ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 V1 (UBE2V1). Upon processing the data of our study with the OpenTarget Tool software, we found that glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and CD44 were more highly expressed in the RB groups. Our results provide a proteome database regarding AH related to RB disease that may be used as a source of biomarkers. Further prospective studies should validate our finding in a large cohort of RB patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Galardi
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Piazza di Sant’ Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Christina Stathopoulos
- Jules Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, University of Lausanne, 1002 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marta Colletti
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Piazza di Sant’ Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Lavarello
- Core Facilities-Clinical Proteomics and Metabolomics, IRCCS, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Ida Russo
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Piazza di Sant’ Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele Cozza
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Piazza di Sant’ Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonino Romanzo
- Ophtalmology Unit, IRCCS, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Piazza Sant’Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Angel M. Carcaboso
- SJD Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Piazza di Sant’ Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Petretto
- Core Facilities-Clinical Proteomics and Metabolomics, IRCCS, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - Francis L. Munier
- Jules Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, University of Lausanne, 1002 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Angela Di Giannatale
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Piazza di Sant’ Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
An immature, dedifferentiated, and lineage-deconstrained cone precursor origin of N-Myc-initiated retinoblastoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2200721119. [PMID: 35867756 PMCID: PMC9282279 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2200721119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Most retinoblastomas develop from maturing cone precursors in response to biallelic RB1 loss and are dependent on cone maturation-related signaling. Additionally, ∼2% lack RB1 mutations but have MYCN amplification (MYCNA), N-Myc protein overexpression, and more rapid and invasive growth, yet the MYCNA retinoblastoma cell of origin and basis for its responses to deregulated N-Myc are unknown. Here, using explanted cultured retinae, we show that ectopic N-Myc induces cell cycle entry in cells expressing markers of several retinal types yet induces continuous proliferation and tumorigenesis only in cone precursors. Unlike the response to RB1 loss, both immature cone arrestin-negative (ARR3-) and maturing ARR3+ cone precursors proliferate, and maturing cone precursors rapidly dedifferentiate, losing ARR3 as well as L/M-opsin expression. N-Myc-overexpressing retinal cells also lose cell lineage constraints, occasionally coexpressing the cone-specific RXRγ with the rod-specific NRL or amacrine-specific AP2α and widely coexpressing RXRγ with the progenitor and Müller cell-specific SOX9 and retinal ganglion cell-specific BRN3 and GAP43. Mechanistically, N-Myc induced Cyclin D2 and CDK4 overexpression, pRB phosphorylation, and SOX9-dependent proliferation without a retinoma-like stage that characterizes pRB-deficient retinoblastoma, despite continuous p16INK4A expression. Orthotopic xenografts of N-Myc-overexpressing retinal cells formed tumors with retinal cell marker expression similar to those in MYCN-transduced retinae and MYCNA retinoblastomas in patients. These findings demonstrate the MYCNA retinoblastoma origin from immature and lineage-deconstrained cone precursors, reveal their opportunistic use of an undifferentiated retinal progenitor cell feature, and illustrate that different cancer-initiating mutations cooperate with distinct developmental stage-specific cell signaling circuitries to drive retinoblastoma tumorigenesis.
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
PURPOSE Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most common intraocular malignancy in children. The diagnosis of RB is mainly based on clinical features and imaging characteristics. Prognosis is based on stage of disease and response to treatment. In salvaged globes, direct tumor biopsy for genetic analysis and prognostication is an absolute contraindication at this point of time for the fear of extraocular tumor spread. Currently, there is a search for surrogate markers to allow accurate diagnosis and for prognostication, to predict the chances of globe salvage in RB. Therefore, biofluids such as plasma or aqueous humor have been studied to detect circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) or cell-free DNA (cfDNA), respectively, to allow for treatment decision making, monitoring treatment response, and prognostic counselling. METHODS A search of electronic databases (PubMed, Google Scholar and MEDLINE) of all articles on liquid biopsy in retinoblastoma published in English was performed. The keywords used for the search included "retinoblastoma", "liquid biopsy", "aqueous humor" "circulating tumor cells", "cell-free DNA", "cfDNA", "circulating tumor DNA", "ctDNA", "tumor fraction", "RB1 mutation" and "SNCA". Additionally, historic articles on the advent of liquid biopsy in medicine were also reviewed. Pertinent cross-references from the studies were reviewed. Retrospective interventional and observational case series, observational case series, prospective cohort studies, reviews, case reports, surgical techniques, invited commentary and letters were included. RESULTS A total of 40 relevant articles were selected. Biomarkers in aqueous humor, serum and cerebrospinal fluid and their clinical applications are discussed. CONCLUSION Harvesting aqueous humor from eyes with retinoblastoma has been found safe and superior to blood for the detection of chromosomal changes. cfDNA from aqueous can be a surrogate marker to detect somatic copy number alterations and other genetic alterations in RB. ctDNA in plasma also has potential to help in diagnosis and prognosis of RB. Liquid biopsy in RB is an emerging topic, which could pave way for a better understanding of mechanisms for treatment response, resistance and recurrence in RB as well as possibly provide specific therapeutic targets to improve globe salvage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neha Ghose
- Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Swathi Kaliki
- Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lee C, Kim J. Genome maintenance in retinoblastoma: Implications for therapeutic vulnerabilities (Review). Oncol Lett 2022; 23:192. [PMID: 35527780 PMCID: PMC9073582 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma (RB) is a pediatric ocular malignancy that is initiated mostly by biallelic inactivation of the RB transcriptional corepressor 1 (RB1) tumor suppressor gene in the developing retina. Unlike the prevailing prediction based on multiple studies involving RB1 gene disruption in experimental models, human RB tumors have been demonstrated to possess a relatively stable genome, characterized by a low mutation rate and a few recurrent chromosomal alterations related to somatic copy number changes. This suggests that RB may harbor heightened genome maintenance mechanisms to counteract or compensate for the risk of massive genome instability, which can potentially be driven by the early RB1 loss as a tumor-initiating event. Although the genome maintenance mechanisms might have been evolved to promote RB cell survival by preventing lethal genomic defects, emerging evidence suggests that the dependency of RB cells on these mechanisms also exposes their unique vulnerability to chemotherapy, particularly when the genome maintenance machineries are tumor cell-specific. This review summarizes the genome maintenance mechanisms identified in RB, including findings on the roles of chromatin regulators in DNA damage response/repair and protein factors involved in maintaining chromosome stability and promoting survival in RB. In addition, advantages and challenges for exploiting these therapeutic vulnerabilities in RB are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunsik Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Jong Kim
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu J, Ottaviani D, Sefta M, Desbrousses C, Chapeaublanc E, Aschero R, Sirab N, Lubieniecki F, Lamas G, Tonon L, Dehainault C, Hua C, Fréneaux P, Reichman S, Karboul N, Biton A, Mirabal-Ortega L, Larcher M, Brulard C, Arrufat S, Nicolas A, Elarouci N, Popova T, Némati F, Decaudin D, Gentien D, Baulande S, Mariani O, Dufour F, Guibert S, Vallot C, Rouic LLL, Matet A, Desjardins L, Pascual-Pasto G, Suñol M, Catala-Mora J, Llano GC, Couturier J, Barillot E, Schaiquevich P, Gauthier-Villars M, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Golmard L, Houdayer C, Brisse H, Bernard-Pierrot I, Letouzé E, Viari A, Saule S, Sastre-Garau X, Doz F, Carcaboso AM, Cassoux N, Pouponnot C, Goureau O, Chantada G, de Reyniès A, Aerts I, Radvanyi F. A high-risk retinoblastoma subtype with stemness features, dedifferentiated cone states and neuronal/ganglion cell gene expression. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5578. [PMID: 34552068 PMCID: PMC8458383 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25792-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma is the most frequent intraocular malignancy in children, originating from a maturing cone precursor in the developing retina. Little is known on the molecular basis underlying the biological and clinical behavior of this cancer. Here, using multi-omics data, we demonstrate the existence of two retinoblastoma subtypes. Subtype 1, of earlier onset, includes most of the heritable forms. It harbors few genetic alterations other than the initiating RB1 inactivation and corresponds to differentiated tumors expressing mature cone markers. By contrast, subtype 2 tumors harbor frequent recurrent genetic alterations including MYCN-amplification. They express markers of less differentiated cone together with neuronal/ganglion cell markers with marked inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity. The cone dedifferentiation in subtype 2 is associated with stemness features including low immune and interferon response, E2F and MYC/MYCN activation and a higher propensity for metastasis. The recognition of these two subtypes, one maintaining a cone-differentiated state, and the other, more aggressive, associated with cone dedifferentiation and expression of neuronal markers, opens up important biological and clinical perspectives for retinoblastomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- grid.4444.00000 0001 2112 9282Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France ,grid.462844.80000 0001 2308 1657Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR144, 75005 Paris, France ,grid.452770.30000 0001 2226 6748Programme Cartes d’Identité des Tumeurs, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Daniela Ottaviani
- grid.4444.00000 0001 2112 9282Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France ,grid.462844.80000 0001 2308 1657Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR144, 75005 Paris, France ,grid.414531.60000 0001 0695 6255Precision Medicine, Hospital J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Meriem Sefta
- grid.4444.00000 0001 2112 9282Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France ,grid.462844.80000 0001 2308 1657Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR144, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Céline Desbrousses
- grid.4444.00000 0001 2112 9282Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France ,grid.462844.80000 0001 2308 1657Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR144, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Elodie Chapeaublanc
- grid.4444.00000 0001 2112 9282Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France ,grid.462844.80000 0001 2308 1657Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR144, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Rosario Aschero
- grid.414531.60000 0001 0695 6255Pathology Service, Hospital J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nanor Sirab
- grid.4444.00000 0001 2112 9282Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France ,grid.462844.80000 0001 2308 1657Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR144, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Fabiana Lubieniecki
- grid.414531.60000 0001 0695 6255Pathology Service, Hospital J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Lamas
- grid.414531.60000 0001 0695 6255Pathology Service, Hospital J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laurie Tonon
- grid.418116.b0000 0001 0200 3174Synergie Lyon Cancer, Plateforme de Bioinformatique “Gilles Thomas”, Centre Léon Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Catherine Dehainault
- grid.418596.70000 0004 0639 6384Département de Biologie des Tumeurs, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France ,grid.418596.70000 0004 0639 6384Service de Génétique, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Clément Hua
- grid.4444.00000 0001 2112 9282Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France ,grid.462844.80000 0001 2308 1657Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR144, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Paul Fréneaux
- grid.418596.70000 0004 0639 6384Département de Biologie des Tumeurs, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sacha Reichman
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Narjesse Karboul
- grid.4444.00000 0001 2112 9282Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France ,grid.462844.80000 0001 2308 1657Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR144, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Anne Biton
- grid.4444.00000 0001 2112 9282Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France ,grid.462844.80000 0001 2308 1657Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR144, 75005 Paris, France ,grid.418596.70000 0004 0639 6384Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, U900, 75005 Paris, France ,Ecole des Mines ParisTech, 77305 Fontainebleau, France ,grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Present Address: Institut Pasteur – Hub Bioinformatique et Biostatistique – C3BI, USR 3756 IP CNRS, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Liliana Mirabal-Ortega
- grid.4444.00000 0001 2112 9282Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR3347, PSL Research University, 91405 Orsay, France ,grid.418596.70000 0004 0639 6384Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, U1021, 91405 Orsay, France ,grid.460789.40000 0004 4910 6535Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Magalie Larcher
- grid.4444.00000 0001 2112 9282Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR3347, PSL Research University, 91405 Orsay, France ,grid.418596.70000 0004 0639 6384Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, U1021, 91405 Orsay, France ,grid.460789.40000 0004 4910 6535Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Céline Brulard
- grid.4444.00000 0001 2112 9282Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France ,grid.462844.80000 0001 2308 1657Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR144, 75005 Paris, France ,grid.411777.30000 0004 1765 1563Present Address: INSERM U930, CHU Bretonneau, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Sandrine Arrufat
- grid.418596.70000 0004 0639 6384Département de Biologie des Tumeurs, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - André Nicolas
- grid.418596.70000 0004 0639 6384Département de Biologie des Tumeurs, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Nabila Elarouci
- grid.452770.30000 0001 2226 6748Programme Cartes d’Identité des Tumeurs, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Tatiana Popova
- grid.418596.70000 0004 0639 6384Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U830, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Fariba Némati
- grid.418596.70000 0004 0639 6384Département de Recherche Translationnelle, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Didier Decaudin
- grid.418596.70000 0004 0639 6384Département de Recherche Translationnelle, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - David Gentien
- grid.418596.70000 0004 0639 6384Département de Recherche Translationnelle, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Baulande
- grid.418596.70000 0004 0639 6384Institut Curie, PSL Research University, NGS Platform, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Odette Mariani
- grid.418596.70000 0004 0639 6384Département de Biologie des Tumeurs, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Florent Dufour
- grid.4444.00000 0001 2112 9282Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France ,grid.462844.80000 0001 2308 1657Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR144, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Guibert
- grid.425132.3GeCo Genomics Consulting, Integragen, 91000 Evry, France
| | - Céline Vallot
- grid.425132.3GeCo Genomics Consulting, Integragen, 91000 Evry, France
| | - Livia Lumbroso-Le Rouic
- grid.418596.70000 0004 0639 6384Département de Chirurgie, Service d’Ophtalmologie, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Matet
- grid.418596.70000 0004 0639 6384Département de Chirurgie, Service d’Ophtalmologie, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France ,grid.508487.60000 0004 7885 7602Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Desjardins
- grid.418596.70000 0004 0639 6384Département de Chirurgie, Service d’Ophtalmologie, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Guillem Pascual-Pasto
- grid.411160.30000 0001 0663 8628Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain ,grid.411160.30000 0001 0663 8628Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariona Suñol
- grid.411160.30000 0001 0663 8628Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain ,grid.411160.30000 0001 0663 8628Department of Pathology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Catala-Mora
- grid.411160.30000 0001 0663 8628Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain ,grid.411160.30000 0001 0663 8628Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Genoveva Correa Llano
- grid.411160.30000 0001 0663 8628Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain ,grid.411160.30000 0001 0663 8628Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jérôme Couturier
- grid.418596.70000 0004 0639 6384Département de Biologie des Tumeurs, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Barillot
- grid.418596.70000 0004 0639 6384Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, U900, 75005 Paris, France ,Ecole des Mines ParisTech, 77305 Fontainebleau, France
| | - Paula Schaiquevich
- grid.414531.60000 0001 0695 6255Pathology Service, Hospital J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina ,grid.423606.50000 0001 1945 2152National Scientific and Technical Research Council, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marion Gauthier-Villars
- grid.418596.70000 0004 0639 6384Département de Biologie des Tumeurs, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France ,grid.418596.70000 0004 0639 6384Service de Génétique, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France ,grid.418596.70000 0004 0639 6384Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U830, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Dominique Stoppa-Lyonnet
- grid.418596.70000 0004 0639 6384Département de Biologie des Tumeurs, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France ,grid.418596.70000 0004 0639 6384Service de Génétique, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France ,grid.508487.60000 0004 7885 7602Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Lisa Golmard
- grid.418596.70000 0004 0639 6384Département de Biologie des Tumeurs, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France ,grid.418596.70000 0004 0639 6384Service de Génétique, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France ,grid.418596.70000 0004 0639 6384Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U830, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Claude Houdayer
- grid.418596.70000 0004 0639 6384Département de Biologie des Tumeurs, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France ,grid.418596.70000 0004 0639 6384Service de Génétique, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France ,grid.418596.70000 0004 0639 6384Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U830, 75005 Paris, France ,grid.41724.34Present Address: Department of Genetics, Rouen University Hospital, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Hervé Brisse
- grid.418596.70000 0004 0639 6384Département d’Imagerie Médicale, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Bernard-Pierrot
- grid.4444.00000 0001 2112 9282Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France ,grid.462844.80000 0001 2308 1657Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR144, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Eric Letouzé
- grid.417925.cCentre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universités, INSERM, 75006 Paris, France ,grid.508487.60000 0004 7885 7602Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors, équipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université de Paris, Université Paris 13, Paris, France
| | - Alain Viari
- grid.418116.b0000 0001 0200 3174Synergie Lyon Cancer, Plateforme de Bioinformatique “Gilles Thomas”, Centre Léon Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Simon Saule
- grid.4444.00000 0001 2112 9282Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR3347, PSL Research University, 91405 Orsay, France ,grid.418596.70000 0004 0639 6384Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, U1021, 91405 Orsay, France ,grid.460789.40000 0004 4910 6535Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Xavier Sastre-Garau
- grid.418596.70000 0004 0639 6384Département de Biologie des Tumeurs, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France ,grid.414145.10000 0004 1765 2136Present Address: Department of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - François Doz
- grid.508487.60000 0004 7885 7602Université de Paris, Paris, France ,grid.418596.70000 0004 0639 6384SIREDO Center (Care, Innovation and Research in Pediatric Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology), Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Angel M. Carcaboso
- grid.411160.30000 0001 0663 8628Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain ,grid.411160.30000 0001 0663 8628Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nathalie Cassoux
- grid.418596.70000 0004 0639 6384Département de Chirurgie, Service d’Ophtalmologie, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France ,grid.508487.60000 0004 7885 7602Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Celio Pouponnot
- grid.4444.00000 0001 2112 9282Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR3347, PSL Research University, 91405 Orsay, France ,grid.418596.70000 0004 0639 6384Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, U1021, 91405 Orsay, France ,grid.460789.40000 0004 4910 6535Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Olivier Goureau
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Guillermo Chantada
- grid.414531.60000 0001 0695 6255Precision Medicine, Hospital J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina ,grid.411160.30000 0001 0663 8628Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain ,grid.411160.30000 0001 0663 8628Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain ,grid.423606.50000 0001 1945 2152National Scientific and Technical Research Council, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Aurélien de Reyniès
- grid.452770.30000 0001 2226 6748Programme Cartes d’Identité des Tumeurs, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Aerts
- grid.4444.00000 0001 2112 9282Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France ,grid.462844.80000 0001 2308 1657Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR144, 75005 Paris, France ,grid.418596.70000 0004 0639 6384SIREDO Center (Care, Innovation and Research in Pediatric Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology), Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - François Radvanyi
- grid.4444.00000 0001 2112 9282Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France ,grid.462844.80000 0001 2308 1657Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR144, 75005 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kim ME, Polski A, Xu L, Prabakar RK, Peng CC, Reid MW, Shah R, Kuhn P, Cobrinik D, Hicks J, Berry JL. Comprehensive Somatic Copy Number Analysis Using Aqueous Humor Liquid Biopsy for Retinoblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133340. [PMID: 34283049 PMCID: PMC8268955 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Aqueous humor (AH) liquid biopsy is an enriched source of cell-free circulating tumor-derived DNA for retinoblastoma (RB). The use of this AH liquid biopsy allows for genomic analysis of eyes in the absence of tumor tissue. Development of this platform was critical because direct tumor biopsy is prohibited in RB due to risk of extraocular tumor spread. In this retrospective study, we provide comprehensive, whole-genome analysis of the somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs) in 68 eyes of 64 RB patients. We show that the prevalence of specific SCNAs differ between eyes that required immediate enucleation (surgical removal) and eyes that were attempted to be saved but subsequently failed treatment, requiring secondary enucleation. Increases in chromosomal instability, or higher number of broad genomic alterations, predict higher risk clinical and biomarker features in these eyes. Prospective analyses are needed to further determine the clinical relevance and application of these findings. Abstract Aqueous humor (AH) liquid biopsy has been established as a surrogate tumor biopsy for retinoblastoma (RB). Previous AH studies have focused on highly recurrent RB somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs) including gain of 1q, 2p, 6p, and loss of 13q and 16q. In this retrospective study, we provide a comprehensive, whole-genome analysis of RB SCNAs and evaluate associated clinical features for 68 eyes of 64 RB patients from whom AH was obtained between December 2014 and October 2020. Shallow whole-genome sequencing of AH cell-free DNA was performed to assess for SCNAs. The prevalence of specific non-highly recurrent SCNAs, such as 20q gain and 8p loss, differed between primarily and secondarily enucleated eyes. Increases in chromosomal instability predict more advanced seeding morphology (p = 0.015); later age of diagnosis (p < 0.0001); greater odds of an endophytic tumor growth pattern (without retinal detachment; p = 0.047); tumor heights >10 mm (p = 0.09); and containing 6p gain, a biomarker of poor ocular prognosis (p = 0.004). The AH liquid biopsy platform is a high-yield method of whole-genome RB SCNA analysis, and SCNAs are associated with numerous clinical findings in RB eyes. Prospective analyses are encouraged to further elucidate the clinical relevance of specific SCNAs in RB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary E. Kim
- The Vision Center at Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; (M.E.K.); (A.P.); (L.X.); (C.-C.P.); (M.W.R.); (D.C.)
- USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Ashley Polski
- The Vision Center at Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; (M.E.K.); (A.P.); (L.X.); (C.-C.P.); (M.W.R.); (D.C.)
- USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Liya Xu
- The Vision Center at Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; (M.E.K.); (A.P.); (L.X.); (C.-C.P.); (M.W.R.); (D.C.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA; (P.K.); (J.H.)
| | - Rishvanth K. Prabakar
- Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA;
| | - Chen-Ching Peng
- The Vision Center at Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; (M.E.K.); (A.P.); (L.X.); (C.-C.P.); (M.W.R.); (D.C.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA; (P.K.); (J.H.)
| | - Mark W. Reid
- The Vision Center at Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; (M.E.K.); (A.P.); (L.X.); (C.-C.P.); (M.W.R.); (D.C.)
| | - Rachana Shah
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute at Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA;
| | - Peter Kuhn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA; (P.K.); (J.H.)
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA
| | - David Cobrinik
- The Vision Center at Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; (M.E.K.); (A.P.); (L.X.); (C.-C.P.); (M.W.R.); (D.C.)
- USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- The Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - James Hicks
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA; (P.K.); (J.H.)
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Jesse L. Berry
- The Vision Center at Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; (M.E.K.); (A.P.); (L.X.); (C.-C.P.); (M.W.R.); (D.C.)
- USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- The Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-323-442-6335
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Price EA, Patel R, Scheimberg I, Kotiloglu Karaa E, Sagoo MS, Reddy MA, Onadim Z. MYCN amplification levels in primary retinoblastoma tumors analyzed by Multiple Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification. Ophthalmic Genet 2021; 42:604-611. [PMID: 34003079 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2021.1923038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: Retinoblastoma (Rb) is a childhood tumor of the developing retina where predisposition is caused by RB1 pathogenic variants. MYCN amplification (MYCNA) has been implicated in around 2% of sporadic unilateral Rb tumors with no detectable RB1 variants. We audited data from tumors collected between 1993 and 2019 to determine if this is the case for patients treated at Barts Health NHS Trust, and how often it occurred alongside RB1 variants. Materials and methods: Screening for MYCNA was carried out by Multiple Ligation Probe Analysis of tumor and blood samples collected for RB1 genetic screening. The cohort consisted of 149 tumors, of which 114 had matched blood samples. Results: 10/149 (6.7%) tumors were positive for MYCNA in a population containing a disproportionate number of cases negative for RB1 pathogenic variants. Of 65 unbiased tumors collected from 2014 to 2019, 2 (3.1%) had MYCNA. All MYCNA samples were from sporadic, unilateral patients and 3/10 (30%) had RB1 pathogenic variants. MYCNA was not detected in any blood sample. No MYCNA tumor had 6p gain which is usually a common alteration in Rbs. Conclusions: MYCNA occurs in a small fraction of Rbs and can occur in the presence of pathogenic RB1 variants. However, where it occurs alongside RB1 alterations, the age of onset appears to be later. MYCNA has yet to be seen as a heritable change. In sporadic cases with early diagnosis, Rbs with no RB1 pathogenic variant identified should be tested for MYCNA. Conversely, tumors with MYCNA should still be screened for RB1 pathogenic variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Price
- Retinoblastoma Genetic Screening Unit, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Roopal Patel
- Retinoblastoma Genetic Screening Unit, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | | | | | - Mandeep S Sagoo
- Retinoblastoma Service, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - M Ashwin Reddy
- Retinoblastoma Service, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Zerrin Onadim
- Retinoblastoma Genetic Screening Unit, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gerrish A, Jenkinson H, Cole T. The Impact of Cell-Free DNA Analysis on the Management of Retinoblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071570. [PMID: 33805427 PMCID: PMC8037190 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma is a childhood eye cancer, mainly caused by mutations in the RB1 gene, which can be somatic or constitutional. Unlike many other cancers, tumour biopsies are not performed due to the risk of tumour dissemination. As a result, until recently, somatic genetic analysis was only possible if an affected eye was removed as part of a treatment. Several recent proof of principle studies have demonstrated that the analysis of tumour-derived cell-free DNA, either obtained from ocular fluid or blood plasma, has the potential to advance the diagnosis and influence the prognosis of retinoblastoma patients. It has been shown that a confirmed diagnosis is possible in retinoblastoma patients undergoing conservative treatment. In vivo genetic analysis of retinoblastoma tumours is also now possible, allowing the potential identification of secondary genetic events as prognostic biomarkers. In addition, noninvasive prenatal diagnosis in children at risk of inheriting retinoblastoma has been developed. Here, we review the current literature and discuss the potential impact of cell-free DNA analysis on both the diagnosis and treatment of retinoblastoma patients and their families.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Gerrish
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women’s and Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TG, UK;
- Correspondence:
| | - Helen Jenkinson
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Birmingham Women’s and Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B4 6NH, UK;
| | - Trevor Cole
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women’s and Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TG, UK;
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Xu L, Kim ME, Polski A, Prabakar RK, Shen L, Peng CC, Reid MW, Chévez-Barrios P, Kim JW, Shah R, Jubran R, Kuhn P, Cobrinik D, Biegel JA, Gai X, Hicks J, Berry JL. Establishing the Clinical Utility of ctDNA Analysis for Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment Monitoring of Retinoblastoma: The Aqueous Humor Liquid Biopsy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061282. [PMID: 33805776 PMCID: PMC8001323 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Due to prohibition of direct tumor biopsy for patients with retinoblastoma, the prospect of a liquid biopsy for the identification of tumor derived biomarkers for this cancer is enticing. The aqueous humor (AH) is a rich source of eye-specific tumoral genomic information. This is the first prospective study wherein we demonstrate that molecular profiling of the AH at diagnosis and longitudinally throughout therapy has clinical utility for diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of treatment response. Tumoral genomic information was detected in 100% of diagnostic aqueous humor samples, including single nucleotide variants in the RB1 tumor suppressor gene and large-scale somatic chromosomal alterations. All eyes that failed therapy and required enucleation had poor prognostic biomarkers for ocular salvage present in the aqueous humor at time of diagnosis. This highlights the potential of the AH liquid biopsy for direct clinical applications to precision oncology to direct genome-specific, personalized treatment for retinoblastoma patients. Abstract Because direct tumor biopsy is prohibited for retinoblastoma (RB), eye-specific molecular biomarkers are not used in clinical practice for RB. Recently, we demonstrated that the aqueous humor (AH) is a rich liquid biopsy source of cell-free tumor DNA. Herein, we detail clinically-relevant molecular biomarkers from the first year of prospective validation data. Seven eyes from 6 RB patients who had AH sampled at diagnosis and throughout therapy with ≥12 months of follow-up were included. Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from each sample was isolated and sequenced to assess genome-wide somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs), followed by targeted resequencing for pathogenic variants using a RB1 and MYCN custom hybridization panel. Tumoral genomic information was detected in 100% of diagnostic AH samples. Of the seven diagnostic AH samples, 5/7 were positive for RB SCNAs. Mutational analysis identified RB1 variants in 5/7 AH samples, including the 2 samples in which no SCNAs were detected. Two eyes failed therapy and required enucleation; both had poor prognostic biomarkers (chromosome 6p gain or MYCN amplification) present in the AH at the time of diagnosis. In the context of previously established pre-analytical, analytical, and clinical validity, this provides evidence for larger, prospective studies to further establish the clinical utility of the AH liquid biopsy and its applications to precision oncology for RB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liya Xu
- The Vision Center at Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; (L.X.); (M.E.K.); (A.P.); (C.-C.P.); (M.W.R.); (J.W.K.); (D.C.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA; (P.K.); (J.H.)
| | - Mary E. Kim
- The Vision Center at Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; (L.X.); (M.E.K.); (A.P.); (C.-C.P.); (M.W.R.); (J.W.K.); (D.C.)
- USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Ashley Polski
- The Vision Center at Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; (L.X.); (M.E.K.); (A.P.); (C.-C.P.); (M.W.R.); (J.W.K.); (D.C.)
- USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Rishvanth K. Prabakar
- Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA;
| | - Lishuang Shen
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; (L.S.); (J.A.B.); (X.G.)
| | - Chen-Ching Peng
- The Vision Center at Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; (L.X.); (M.E.K.); (A.P.); (C.-C.P.); (M.W.R.); (J.W.K.); (D.C.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA; (P.K.); (J.H.)
| | - Mark W. Reid
- The Vision Center at Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; (L.X.); (M.E.K.); (A.P.); (C.-C.P.); (M.W.R.); (J.W.K.); (D.C.)
| | - Patricia Chévez-Barrios
- Ophthalmic Pathology, Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Jonathan W. Kim
- The Vision Center at Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; (L.X.); (M.E.K.); (A.P.); (C.-C.P.); (M.W.R.); (J.W.K.); (D.C.)
- USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Rachana Shah
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute at Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; (R.S.); (R.J.)
| | - Rima Jubran
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute at Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; (R.S.); (R.J.)
| | - Peter Kuhn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA; (P.K.); (J.H.)
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA
| | - David Cobrinik
- The Vision Center at Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; (L.X.); (M.E.K.); (A.P.); (C.-C.P.); (M.W.R.); (J.W.K.); (D.C.)
- USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- The Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Jaclyn A. Biegel
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; (L.S.); (J.A.B.); (X.G.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Xiaowu Gai
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; (L.S.); (J.A.B.); (X.G.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - James Hicks
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA; (P.K.); (J.H.)
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Jesse L. Berry
- The Vision Center at Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; (L.X.); (M.E.K.); (A.P.); (C.-C.P.); (M.W.R.); (J.W.K.); (D.C.)
- USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- The Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-323-442-6335
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Aschero R, Francis JH, Ganiewich D, Gomez-Gonzalez S, Sampor C, Zugbi S, Ottaviani D, Lemelle L, Mena M, Winter U, Correa Llano G, Lamas G, Lubieniecki F, Szijan I, Mora J, Podhajcer O, Doz F, Radvanyi F, Abramson DH, Llera AS, Schaiquevich PS, Lavarino C, Chantada GL. Recurrent Somatic Chromosomal Abnormalities in Relapsed Extraocular Retinoblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040673. [PMID: 33567541 PMCID: PMC7915502 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Relapse outside the eye of retinoblastoma (the most common eye cancer in children) is an uncommon event in developed countries, however it is the main cause of death in patients with retinoblastoma worldwide. The genomic features of this population are not known. We studied 23 cases from four countries and found a characteristic pattern in chromosomal copy number alterations that could help guide future clinical management of these patients. Abstract Most reports about copy number alterations (CNA) in retinoblastoma relate to patients with intraocular disease and features of children with extraocular relapse remain unknown, so we aimed to describe the CNA in this population. We evaluated 23 patients and 27 specimens from 4 centers. Seventeen cases had extraocular relapse after initial enucleation and six cases after an initial preservation attempt. We performed an analysis of CNA and BCOR gene alteration by SNP array (Single Nucleotide Polymorfism array), whole-exome sequencing, IMPACT panel and CGH array (Array-based comparative genomic hybridization). All cases presented CNA at a higher prevalence than those reported in previously published studies for intraocular cases. CNA previously reported for intraocular retinoblastoma were found at a high frequency in our cohort: gains in 1q (69.5%), 2p (60.9%) and 6p (86.9%), and 16q loss (78.2%). Other, previously less-recognized, CNA were found including loss of 11q (34.8%), gain of 17q (56.5%), loss of 19q (30.4%) and BCOR alterations were present in 72.7% of our cases. A high number of CNA including 11q deletions, 17q gains, 19q loss, and BCOR alterations, are more common in extraocular retinoblastoma. Identification of these features may be correlated with a more aggressive tumor warranting consideration for patient management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Aschero
- Pathology Service, Hospital de Pediatría JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires 1245, Argentina; (R.A.); (U.W.); (G.L.); (F.L.)
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council, CONICET, Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina; (S.Z.); (O.P.); (A.S.L.); (P.S.S.)
| | - Jasmine H. Francis
- Ophthalmic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (J.H.F.); (D.H.A.)
| | - Daiana Ganiewich
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Instituto Leloir-Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA), Buenos Aires 1405, Argentina;
| | - Soledad Gomez-Gonzalez
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (S.G.-G.); (J.M.); (C.L.)
| | - Claudia Sampor
- Hematology-Oncology Service, Hospital de Pediatría JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires 1245, Argentina;
| | - Santiago Zugbi
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council, CONICET, Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina; (S.Z.); (O.P.); (A.S.L.); (P.S.S.)
- Innovative Treatments Unit, Hospital de Pediatría JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires 1245, Argentina;
| | - Daniela Ottaviani
- University of Paris and Institut Curie (SIREDO Center: Care, Innovation and Reserach in pediatric, Adolescent and Young Adults Oncology), CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75005 Paris, France; (D.O.); (L.L.); (F.D.); (F.R.)
| | - Lauriane Lemelle
- University of Paris and Institut Curie (SIREDO Center: Care, Innovation and Reserach in pediatric, Adolescent and Young Adults Oncology), CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75005 Paris, France; (D.O.); (L.L.); (F.D.); (F.R.)
| | - Marcela Mena
- Innovative Treatments Unit, Hospital de Pediatría JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires 1245, Argentina;
| | - Ursula Winter
- Pathology Service, Hospital de Pediatría JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires 1245, Argentina; (R.A.); (U.W.); (G.L.); (F.L.)
| | - Genoveva Correa Llano
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Gabriela Lamas
- Pathology Service, Hospital de Pediatría JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires 1245, Argentina; (R.A.); (U.W.); (G.L.); (F.L.)
| | - Fabiana Lubieniecki
- Pathology Service, Hospital de Pediatría JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires 1245, Argentina; (R.A.); (U.W.); (G.L.); (F.L.)
| | - Irene Szijan
- Genetic and Molecular Biology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina;
| | - Jaume Mora
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (S.G.-G.); (J.M.); (C.L.)
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Osvaldo Podhajcer
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council, CONICET, Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina; (S.Z.); (O.P.); (A.S.L.); (P.S.S.)
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Instituto Leloir-Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA), Buenos Aires 1405, Argentina;
| | - François Doz
- University of Paris and Institut Curie (SIREDO Center: Care, Innovation and Reserach in pediatric, Adolescent and Young Adults Oncology), CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75005 Paris, France; (D.O.); (L.L.); (F.D.); (F.R.)
| | - François Radvanyi
- University of Paris and Institut Curie (SIREDO Center: Care, Innovation and Reserach in pediatric, Adolescent and Young Adults Oncology), CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75005 Paris, France; (D.O.); (L.L.); (F.D.); (F.R.)
| | - David H. Abramson
- Ophthalmic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (J.H.F.); (D.H.A.)
| | - Andrea S. Llera
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council, CONICET, Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina; (S.Z.); (O.P.); (A.S.L.); (P.S.S.)
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Instituto Leloir-Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA), Buenos Aires 1405, Argentina;
| | - Paula S. Schaiquevich
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council, CONICET, Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina; (S.Z.); (O.P.); (A.S.L.); (P.S.S.)
- Innovative Treatments Unit, Hospital de Pediatría JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires 1245, Argentina;
| | - Cinzia Lavarino
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain; (S.G.-G.); (J.M.); (C.L.)
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Guillermo L. Chantada
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council, CONICET, Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina; (S.Z.); (O.P.); (A.S.L.); (P.S.S.)
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Clinical, Genomic, and Pharmacological Study of MYCN-Amplified RB1 Wild-Type Metastatic Retinoblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092714. [PMID: 32971811 PMCID: PMC7565107 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
An uncommon subgroup of unilateral retinoblastomas with highly aggressive histological features, lacking aberrations in RB1 gene with high-level amplification of MYCN (MCYNamplRB1+/+) has only been described as intra-ocular cases treated with initial enucleation. Here, we present a comprehensive clinical, genomic, and pharmacological analysis of two cases of MCYNamplRB1+/+ with orbital and cervical lymph node involvement, but no central nervous system spread, rapidly progressing to fatal disease due to chemoresistance. Both patients showed in common MYCN high amplification and chromosome 16q and 17p loss. A somatic mutation in TP53, in homozygosis by LOH, and high chromosomal instability leading to aneuploidy was identified in the primary ocular tumor and sites of dissemination of one patient. High-throughput pharmacological screening was performed in a primary cell line derived from the lymph node dissemination of one case. This cell line showed resistance to broad spectrum chemotherapy consistent with the patient's poor response but sensitivity to the synergistic effects of panobinostat-bortezomib and carboplatin-panobinostat associations. From these cells we established a cell line derived xenograft model that closely recapitulated the tumor dissemination pattern of the patient and served to evaluate whether triple chemotherapy significantly prolonged survival of the animals. We report novel genomic alterations in two cases of metastatic MCYNamplRB1+/+ that may be associated with chemotherapy resistance and in vitro/in vivo models that serve as basis for tailoring therapy in these cases.
Collapse
|
16
|
Retinoblastoma: Etiology, Modeling, and Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082304. [PMID: 32824373 PMCID: PMC7465685 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma is a retinal cancer that is initiated in response to biallelic loss of RB1 in almost all cases, together with other genetic/epigenetic changes culminating in the development of cancer. RB1 deficiency makes the retinoblastoma cell-of-origin extremely susceptible to cancerous transformation, and the tumor cell-of-origin appears to depend on the developmental stage and species. These are important to establish reliable preclinical models to study the disease and develop therapies. Although retinoblastoma is the most curable pediatric cancer with a high survival rate, advanced tumors limit globe salvage and are often associated with high-risk histopathological features predictive of dissemination. The advent of chemotherapy has improved treatment outcomes, which is effective for globe preservation with new routes of targeted drug delivery. However, molecularly targeted therapeutics with more effectiveness and less toxicity are needed. Here, we review the current knowledge concerning retinoblastoma genesis with particular attention to the genomic and transcriptomic landscapes with correlations to clinicopathological characteristics, as well as the retinoblastoma cell-of-origin and current disease models. We further discuss current treatments, clinicopathological correlations, which assist in guiding treatment and may facilitate globe preservation, and finally we discuss targeted therapeutics for future treatments.
Collapse
|