1
|
Khan S, Hassan MJ, Hameed S, Jetley S. Spindle cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma: A diagnostic challenge - A rare case report with brief review of literature. J Cancer Res Ther 2023; 19:S881-S885. [PMID: 38102908 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_66_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Primary Spindle cell tumors of the thyroid are very rare and comprise a myriad of differential diagnoses ranging from reactive proliferations to neoplastic processes. Differentiation amongst these rare entities is of utmost importance as it defines the prognosis and also guides future therapy. CASE REPORT Hereby, we present a rare case of spindle cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma in a sixty-four-year-old female which posed a diagnostic challenge on histology. Microscopy showed a well-circumscribed spindle cell lesion with areas of infiltration and entrapment of colloid-filled thyroid follicles. There were no characteristic features of papillary carcinoma. A panel of immunohistochemistry markers was advised which clinched the diagnosis as the spindle tumor cells were positive for thyroid papillary carcinoma markers. Although papillary carcinoma usually has an indolent course, however interestingly this patient presented with lymph node metastasis one month after surgery which cytologically showed features of malignant spindle cell neoplasm. CONCLUSION Through this case report we wish to highlight the cytological, histopathological as well as immunohistochemical features of this rare variant of papillary carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Khan
- Department of Pathology, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (HIMSR), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Jaseem Hassan
- Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sayika Hameed
- Department of Pathology, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (HIMSR), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Sujata Jetley
- Department of Pathology, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (HIMSR), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pusztaszeri MP, Florianova L, Payne R, Baloch ZW. Spindle cell variant of follicular thyroid carcinoma: an extremely unusual case and review of the literature. Diagn Cytopathol 2022; 50:E333-E338. [PMID: 35866458 DOI: 10.1002/dc.25018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Spindle cell proliferations originating in follicular derived thyroid neoplasms are rare and known to cause diagnostic conundrums. We describe a unique case of a spindle cell variant of follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) in a 48-year-old female without relevant past medical history, who was being followed for a 1.4 cm left thyroid nodule for the past 15 months. A fine needle aspiration (FNA) of the nodule was interpreted as benign (Bethesda II). On follow-up ultrasound the nodule demonstrated a slight increase in size (to 1.5 cm) and the appearance of coarse calcifications A repeat FNA was performed 12 months later and interpreted as malignant neoplasm (Bethesda VI), containing a population of spindle and epithelioid cells that could not be further classified. A left subtotal thyroidectomy showed an encapsulated tumor mainly composed of fibroblast-like spindle cells, extensive foci of calcifications and focal ossification, with minimal tumor capsule invasion without vascular invasion. Tumor cells expressed vimentin, ERG and SMA (focal), while being negative for pancytokeratin, thyroglobulin, TTF-1, Pax-8, calcitonin, CEA and other lineage-specific mesenchymal, neuroendocrine and melanocytic markers. Importantly, a few residual thyroid follicles were identified within the nodule, and a diagnosis of minimally invasive FTC with extensive spindle cell changes, calcification and osseous metaplasia was rendered. This is only the second cytologic report of a pure spindle cell FTC. The rarity of this neoplasm and its potential broad differential diagnosis create diagnostic difficulties both on cytology and histology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Richard Payne
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Zubair W Baloch
- Department of Pathology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Leong KW, Abdullah Suhaimi SN, Tan GC, Wong YP. Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma with Spindle Cell Metaplasia: A Rare Encounter. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12040855. [PMID: 35453903 PMCID: PMC9031047 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12040855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A myriad of histological variants of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) have been described, some of which can be diagnostically challenging due to their rarity and overlapping histomorphology with other entities. One of the scarce and poorly characterised variants is PTC with spindle cell metaplasia, of which fewer than 20 cases have been reported in the literature hitherto. Our patient was a 51-year-old woman with a four-month history of painless, gradually enlarging neck swelling. Physical examination revealed a solitary left thyroid nodule. Thyroid ultrasonography demonstrated a hypoechoic nodule with irregular borders and speckles of microcalcification at the periphery. Total thyroidectomy with central and lateral lymph node dissection was performed. Grossly, there was a poorly circumscribed mass occupying the entire left thyroid lobe measuring 30 mm in the largest dimension. Histopathological examination revealed features of a classical PTC. Incidentally, a well-circumscribed 9 mm nodule was identified within the tumour mass. The nodule comprised of spindle cells arranged in loose fascicles, displaying uniform bland looking nuclei. No mitosis, necrosis or nuclear atypia was observed. Immunohistochemically, the spindle cells were immunopositive to TTF-1 and thyroglobulin, indicating thyroid follicular cell lineage. p53 and BRAF V600E mutant protein immunoexpression were focally noted. They were negative for calcitonin, S100, and desmin. Loss of E-cadherin and CK19 were also demonstrated. A diagnosis of PTC with spindle cell metaplasia was rendered. The nature of spindle cell in PTC needs to be meticulously defined. Careful histomorphology examination and judicious use of immunohistochemistry stains are helpful in arriving at an accurate diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ka Wen Leong
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | | | - Geok Chin Tan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: (G.C.T.); (Y.P.W.); Tel.: +60-3-91455362 (G.C.T.); +60-3-91455364 (Y.P.W.)
| | - Yin Ping Wong
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: (G.C.T.); (Y.P.W.); Tel.: +60-3-91455362 (G.C.T.); +60-3-91455364 (Y.P.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Arnoux G, Pusztaszeri M. "Noninvasive Follicular Thyroid Neoplasm With Papillary-Like Nuclear Features" With Focal Spindle Cell Metaplasia. Int J Surg Pathol 2017; 26:261-265. [PMID: 29212393 DOI: 10.1177/1066896917741548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
"Noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features" (NIFTP) is a recent reclassification of the encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma, which is supposed to reflect its indolent clinical behavior and to prevent overtreatment of patients with this neoplasm. The diagnosis of NIFTP can only be made histologically on the surgical specimen according to specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, which requires the examination of the whole nodule and its capsule. Spindle cell proliferations, especially of follicular cell origin, arising within thyroid follicular neoplasms are very rare and may cause diagnostic difficulties. Few reports described spindle cell proliferations arising in follicular thyroid adenoma and papillary thyroid carcinoma. To the best of our knowledge, only one case has been reported in NIFTP so far. In this article, we report a unique case of NIFTP associated with a spindle cell proliferation that was characterized immunohistochemically. Specific issues related to this case are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marc Pusztaszeri
- 1 Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland.,Current affiliation: Department of Pathology, Jewish General Hospital and McGill University, 3755 Côte-Sainte-Catherine Road, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3T 1E2
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hirokawa M, Haba R, Kushida Y, Bando K, Kuma S, Kihara M, Miyauchi A. Benign nodular goiter with spindle cell component. Pathol Int 2010; 60:586-90. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.2010.02562.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
6
|
Zhang X, Fournier MV, Ware JL, Bissell MJ, Yacoub A, Zehner ZE. Inhibition of vimentin or beta1 integrin reverts morphology of prostate tumor cells grown in laminin-rich extracellular matrix gels and reduces tumor growth in vivo. Mol Cancer Ther 2009; 8:499-508. [PMID: 19276168 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-08-0544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Prostate epithelial cells grown embedded in laminin-rich extracellular matrix (lrECM) undergo morphologic changes that closely resemble their architecture in vivo. In this study, growth characteristics of three human prostate epithelial sublines derived from the same cellular lineage, but displaying different tumorigenic and metastatic properties in vivo, were assessed in three-dimensional lrECM gels. M12, a highly tumorigenic and metastatic subline, was derived from the immortalized, prostate epithelial P69 cell line by selection in athymic, nude mice and found to contain a deletion of 19p-q13.1. The stable reintroduction of an intact human chromosome 19 into M12 resulted in a poorly tumorigenic subline, designated F6. When embedded in lrECM gels, the parental, nontumorigenic P69 line produced acini with clearly defined lumena. Immunostaining with antibodies to beta-catenin, E-cadherin, or alpha6 and beta1 integrins showed polarization typical of glandular epithelium. In contrast, the metastatic M12 subline produced highly disorganized cells with no evidence of polarization. The F6 subline reverted to acini-like structures exhibiting basal polarity marked with integrins. Reducing either vimentin levels via small interfering RNA interference or the expression of alpha6 and beta1integrins by the addition of blocking antibodies, reorganized the M12 subline into forming polarized acini. The loss of vimentin significantly reduced M12-Vim tumor growth when assessed by s.c. injection in athymic mice. Thus, tumorigenicity in vivo correlated with disorganized growth in three-dimensional lrECM gels. These studies suggest that the levels of vimentin and beta1 integrin play a key role in the homeostasis of the normal acinus in prostate and that their dysregulation may lead to tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueping Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University-Medical Campus, P.O. Box 980614, Richmond, VA 23298-0614, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Giusiano-Courcambeck S, Denizot A, Secq V, De Micco C, Garcia S. Pure spindle cell follicular carcinoma of the thyroid. Thyroid 2008; 18:1023-5. [PMID: 18788926 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2008.0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
8
|
Caillou B. Ductal Metaplasia in Chronic Lymphocytic Thyroiditis as a Manifestation of Phylogenic Regression to an Exocrine Structure. Am J Surg Pathol 2006; 30:774-81. [PMID: 16723858 DOI: 10.1097/00000478-200606000-00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
From a morphologic and functional point of view the thyroid can be considered as both an exocrine and endocrine organ. Firstly, thyroglobulin is secreted at the apical pole of the thyrocyte. Secondly, after endocytosis thyroglobulin is lysed and T3 and T4 are secreted at the basal pole into the bloodstream. However, usually exocrine glands are constituted of 2 well separate components: an acinus/alveolar component and an exocrine duct component. Under particular conditions such as chronic injury the acinus/alveolar component is rapidly destroyed, whereas the ductal component seems to be far more resistant and can proliferate giving rise to a tubular network described as "ductulus reaction" or "ductal metaplasia." Normal exocrine ducts and metaplastic ducts exhibit common genetic and phenotypic features directly related to their tubular morphology. In this study, we describe in lymphocytic autoimmune thyroiditis the appearance of ductal-like structures which displayed the features of ductal metaplasia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Caillou
- Department of Pathology, Institut Gustave-Roussy, 39 rue Camille Desmoulins, 94805 Villejuif Cedex, France.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shikama Y, Mizukami H, Sakai T, Yagihashi N, Okamoto K, Yagihashi S. Spindle cell metaplasia arising in thyroid adenoma: characterization of its pathology and differential diagnosis. J Endocrinol Invest 2006; 29:168-71. [PMID: 16610245 DOI: 10.1007/bf03344092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Spindle cell metaplasia in thyroid adenoma or carcinoma is rare and its pathological features are not well characterized. Distinction of this entity from medullary or anaplastic carcinoma has an important clinical implication. We encountered a case of thyroid follicular adenoma associated with spindle cell metaplasia. It showed "tumor in tumor appearance" and neoplastic spindle cells were positive for thyroglobulin, thyroid transcription factor-1, vimentin and focally chromogranin A and somatostatin (SS). MIB-1 index was <1%. Ultrastructure of the spindle cells was reminiscent of follicular cell origin. From the findings from our case, spindle cell metaplasia appears to be a benign clinical entity, suggestive of multidirectional differentiation of follicular cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Shikama
- Department of Pathology, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rocha AS, De Wever O, Moreira S, Costa MJ, Vandekerckhove J, Mareel M, Soares P. Mutated E-cadherin: genomic and functional characterization in thyroid cells from the KAT family. Thyroid 2004; 14:902-9. [PMID: 15671768 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2004.14.902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Members of a family of thyroid cell lines (KAT) were analyzed because they expressed a higher molecular weight (135 kd) form of E-cadherin at their surface. We found that this aberrant E-cadherin is the result of a point mutation in the exon 9 donor splice site causing a skipping of exon 9 with consequent deletion of the corresponding aminoacids on E-cadherin protein. As a spin-off, we report that the various members of the KAT family share this mutation as well as the genetic background. Furthermore we found that this mutated protein leads to disturbed cell-cell adhesion although E-cadherin is still able to mediate the formation of the cadherin/ catenin complex. We also demonstrate the presence of another cell-cell adhesion complex, formed by Pcadherin and the catenins. The latter is also not able to mediate cell-cell adhesion. Although these cells lack cell-cell adhesion they are not invasive without exogenous stimulus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sofia Rocha
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Magro G, Torrisi A, Torrisi A. Atypical/bizarre spindle-cell epithelial metaplasia in nodular goiter: a potential diagnostic pitfall. Virchows Arch 2004; 446:91-2. [PMID: 15517364 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-004-1128-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2004] [Accepted: 08/23/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
12
|
Woenckhaus C, Cameselle-Teijeiro J, Ruiz-Ponte C, Abdulkader I, Reyes-Santías R, Sobrinho-Simões M. Spindle cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Histopathology 2004; 45:424-7. [PMID: 15469488 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2004.01916.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
13
|
Aker FV, Bas Y, Ozkara S, Peker O. Spindle cell metaplasia in follicular adenoma of the thyroid gland: case report and review of the literature. Endocr J 2004; 51:457-61. [PMID: 15516778 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.51.457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Spindle cell tumors and reactive proliferations of the thyroid gland are rarely reported. In this report, we described a case of follicular adenoma with spindle cell component. The spindle cell proliferation constituted more than 90% of the 4.0 cm lesion and showed fascicular pattern with focal areas of collagenous stroma and hyalinized blood vessels. There was a transition from follicle like glandular structure to fascicular pattern. There was no mitosis and necrosis. Immunoreactivity with thyroglobulin proved that the spindle cell proliferation is of follicular origin. Also strong thyroglobulin and cytokeratin positivity of glandular areas and the gradual decrease in positivity of spindle cells showed epithelial-mesenchymal transformation/spindle cell metaplasia of the thyroid. We thought that it is important to differentiate spindle cell metaplasia in follicular lesions, especially follicular adenoma, from malignant thyroid neoplasms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fugen Vardar Aker
- Department of Pathology, Haydarpasa Numune Teaching and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Vergilio J, Baloch ZW, LiVolsi VA. Spindle cell metaplasia of the thyroid arising in association with papillary carcinoma and follicular adenoma. Am J Clin Pathol 2002; 117:199-204. [PMID: 11863215 DOI: 10.1309/xfn3-2e1b-21vw-8x28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Spindle cell proliferations of the thyroid have been described in association with reactive processes and aggressive malignant neoplasms. We describe spindle cell proliferations in 10 patients arising in association with papillary carcinoma and follicular adenoma. The spindle proliferations were 0.3 to 3.0 cm in size, constituted from 1% to 95% of the primary neoplasm, and were either admixed with the neoplastic elements or peripherally located within the primary tumor Cytologically, these proliferations showed bland-appearing spindle cells with fine chromatin and subtle nucleoli. Mitoses were rare, and inflammation was minimal. Immunostains showed reactivity with thyroglobulin, indicating their follicular origin. We believe it is important to recognize these metaplastic proliferations and distinguish them from aggressive malignant neoplasms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- JoAnne Vergilio
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia 19104, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Boghaert ER, Ain K, Taylor K, Greenberg VL, Fowler C, Zimmer SG. Quantitative and qualitative differences in growth, invasion and lung colonization of an anaplastic and a papillary human thyroid cancer cell line in vitro and in vivo. Clin Exp Metastasis 1996; 14:440-50. [PMID: 8871538 DOI: 10.1007/bf00128960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Invasion and metastasis remain major reasons for failure of anti-cancer therapy. Cell lines derived from human carcinomas are frequently used to investigate the molecular mechanisms that underlie invasion and metastasis. Unfortunately many of these cell lines do not retain the malignant characteristics of their parental tumors. We therefore conducted a series of experiments in vivo and in vitro to identify which aspects of malignancy of a papillary (NPA'87) and an anaplastic (DR090-1) thyroid carcinoma were consistent with the pathology of the parental tumor types. We evaluated tumor growth, invasion and metastasis of DRO90-1 and NPA'87 in vivo following inoculation of the tumor cells under the dermis, under the renal capsule and into the lateral tail vein of nude mice. This evaluation in vivo showed that the anaplastic carcinoma had a faster growth rate compared with the papillary carcinoma. Furthermore, the papillary carcinoma cells could destroy and infiltrate surrounding tissue but were not capable of extravasation and colonization of lung tissue. The anaplastic cells formed lung nodules following injection into the tail vein of nude mice. This lung colonizing capability of DRO90-1 correlated with their capacity to secrete an active 62 kDa gelatinase and to migrate through reconstituted basement membrane in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E R Boghaert
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Herrmann ME, Gipson C, Ansari MR, Lewis FR, Talpos GB. Cytogenetic analysis of thyroid tumors after cryopreservation. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1995; 85:20-5. [PMID: 8536233 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(95)00113-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Current cytogenetic evaluation of solid tumors is performed on fresh tissue specimens requiring on-call tissue culture facilities. The application of cryopreservation to tumor samples prior to cytogenetic analysis allows collection of tumors to a desired sample size. We evaluated methods of cryopreservation for their effects on growth potential from 11 benign thyroids and one papillary thyroid cancer. Mitotic indices and thyroglobulin expression applying imunocytology were analyzed. Compared to fresh tumors, the revived tumor samples showed unaltered thyroglobulin expression. A statistically significant (p < 0.004) prolongation to develop mitotic activity occurred in samples received after the freezing of dispase digested tissues, but not in samples frozen as thinly cut pieces. In addition, the data show that cytogenetic analysis at the 400-band level can be achieved in cryopreserved thyroid tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M E Herrmann
- Department of Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Guarino M, Giordano F. Experimental induction of epithelial-mesenchymal interconversions. EXPERIMENTAL AND TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE GESELLSCHAFT FUR TOXIKOLOGISCHE PATHOLOGIE 1995; 47:325-34. [PMID: 8871063 DOI: 10.1016/s0940-2993(11)80342-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Under some in vitro conditions, such as exposure to collagen, growth factors and related molecules, and agents affecting DNA methylation, a cell phenotype shift can be observed from an epithelial to a mesenchymal state of differentiation. The reverse process, a mesenchymal-to-epithelial conversion can likewise be obtained by certain experimental manipulations. In some instances the change is fully reversible by removing the inducer substances, but in others the conversion appears to be stable and irreversible. Only a partial modulation of the cell phenotype is often seen, but sometimes a complete switch to a new phenotype occurs, and morphological, biochemical and functional characteristics of the parent cells can be abrogated. In some in vivo models development of sarcomatous tumours can be seen in animals transplanted with several types of carcinoma, and it is possible that in some of these experiments an epithelial-to-mesenchymal conversion has occurred too. In normal embryonic development as well as in pathological lesions including tissue repair, tumour invasion, and some malignant biphasic tumours, changes similar to the ones observed in experimental epithelial-mesenchymal interconversion seem to take place. Therefore, it is conceivable that experimentally-induced phenotype conversions reflect an inherent potential of cells, and that under some experimental circumstances normally silent genetic programs for epithelial or mesenchymal differentiation are activated, thus recapitulating a phenomenon that occurs in physiopathological circumstances in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Guarino
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital of Vimercate, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Herrmann ME, Rydstedt LL, Talpos GB, Ratner S, Wolman SR, Lalley PA. Chromosomal aberrations in two adrenocortical tumors, one with a rearrangement at 11p15. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1994; 75:111-6. [PMID: 8055473 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(94)90161-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Adrenocortical tumors are detected with increasing frequency, but symptomatic cases with excessive hormone production are rare. We investigated cytogenetically one benign aldosterone-producing tumor (Conn Syndrome)(case 1) and one malignant cortisol-producing tumor (Cushing Syndrome)(case 2). Radioimmunoassay of cell culture supernatant of case 2 detected cortisol secretion during 2 months in culture. Flow cytometry of spill-out cells from case 2 showed a bimodal pattern (DNA Index 1.0, 1.4). Case 1 revealed a marker chromosome in 4/25 cells analyzed; the marker was a long acrocentric partially derived from chromosome 2,der(2q). In case 2, a cytogenetic harvest was achieved after prolonged culture time (6 weeks) and a marker chromosome, add(11)(p15), was detected in 16/22 cells. A breakpoint of 11p13, as well as loss of heterozygosity of alleles on 11p15, has been reported in the literature for other malignant adrenocortical cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M E Herrmann
- Center for Molecular Biology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Blasius S, Edel G, Grünert J, Böcker W, Schmid KW. Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma with osteosarcomatous differentiation. Pathol Res Pract 1994; 190:507-10; discussion 511-2. [PMID: 7991471 DOI: 10.1016/s0344-0338(11)80217-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A case of a thyroid tumour with the cytological and histological pattern of anaplastic carcinoma with extensive osteosarcomatous differentiation in a 54-year-old Kaukasian woman is presented. Immunohistochemical examination revealed keratin-vimentin co-expression in anaplastic tumour areas. According to the WHO classification of thyroid tumours the present tumour has to be classified as an anaplastic carcinoma. A retrospective survey revealed only twenty-four comparable cases in the literature. The present tumour most likely represents an example of a neoplastic epithelial-mesenchymal metaplasia. The possible mechanisms of the occurrence of thyroid tumours with mixed epithelial-mesenchymal differentiation are briefly discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Blasius
- Department of Pathology, Westfälische Wilhelms-University of Münster, FRG
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Herrmann ME, Rydstedt LL, Talpos GB, Trevor KT, Wolman SR, Mohamed AN, Ratner S, Lalley PA. Chromosomal aberrations in two sporadic gastrinomas. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1993; 67:44-9. [PMID: 8504398 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(93)90042-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Results of cell culture and cytogenetic analysis (standard and fluorescent in situ hybridization, FISH) of two sporadic gastrinomas are reported. Maintenance of hormonal activity was assessed by detection of gastrin levels during the first 3 months in culture. Case 1 showed clonal aberrations consisting of two marker chromosomes: marker 1 is a large metacentric chromosome and marker 2 is a small acrocentric chromosome. Case 2 showed a constitutional polymorphism with chromosome 15p+ and a clone in the tumor cell culture with trisomy for chromosome 3. To our knowledge, this is the first cytogenetic report of sporadic gastrinomas (Zollinger-Ellison syndrome).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M E Herrmann
- Center for Molecular Biology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|