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Lee J, Kim SY, Lim YJ. A Case of B-cell Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia with the t(14;22)(q32;q11) Presenting Hyperleukocytosis. CLINICAL PEDIATRIC HEMATOLOGY-ONCOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.15264/cpho.2022.29.2.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jianne Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sun Young Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yeon Jung Lim
- Department of Pediatrics, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
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2
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Azoulay D, Sonkin V, Akria L, Rozano Gorelick A, Trakhtenbrot L, Hershkovitz D, Shaoul E, Rozen S, Dementiev E, Cohen HI, Suriu C, Braester A. Hairy cell leukemia-variant without typical morphology and with near-tetraploid DNA content. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2017; 94:169-171. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Azoulay
- Department of Hematology; Galilee Medical Center; Nahariya Israel
| | - Vadim Sonkin
- Department of Pathology; Galilee Medical Center; Nahariya Israel
| | - Luiza Akria
- Department of Hematology; Galilee Medical Center; Nahariya Israel
| | | | | | - Dov Hershkovitz
- Department of Pathology; Rambam Health Care Campus; Haifa Israel
| | - Ety Shaoul
- Department of Hematology; Galilee Medical Center; Nahariya Israel
| | - Simona Rozen
- Department of Hematology; Galilee Medical Center; Nahariya Israel
| | - Eugene Dementiev
- Department of Pathology; Galilee Medical Center; Nahariya Israel
| | - Hector I Cohen
- Department of Pathology; Galilee Medical Center; Nahariya Israel
| | - Celia Suriu
- Department of Hematology; Galilee Medical Center; Nahariya Israel
| | - Andrei Braester
- Department of Hematology; Galilee Medical Center; Nahariya Israel
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3
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Arons E, Zhou H, Edelman DC, Gomez A, Steinberg SM, Petersen D, Wang Y, Meltzer PS, Kreitman RJ. Impact of telomere length on survival in classic and variant hairy cell leukemia. Leuk Res 2015; 39:1360-6. [PMID: 26520623 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2015.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Telomeres, which protect the ends of chromosomes, are shortened in several hematologic malignancies, often with adverse prognostic implications, but their effect on prognosis of classic and variant hairy cell leukemia (HCL and HCLv) has not been reported. HCL/HCLv genomic DNA from 46 patients was studied by PCR to determine the ratio of telomere to single copy gene number (T/S). T/S was unrelated to diagnosis of HCL or HCLv (p=0.27), but shorter T/S was associated with unmutated immunoglobulin rearrangements (p=0.033) and age above the median at diagnosis (p=0.017). Low T/S was associated with shorter overall survival from diagnosis (OS), particularly T/S <0.655 (p=0.0064, adjusted p=0.019). Shorter OS was also associated with presence of unmutated (p<0.0001) or IGHV4-34+ (p<0.0001) rearrangements, or increasing age (p=0.0002). Multivariable analysis with Cox modeling showed that short T/S along with either unmutated or IGHV4-34+ rearrangements remained associated with reduced OS (p=0.0071, p=0.0024, respectively) after age adjustment. While T/S is relatively long in HCL and the disease usually indolent with excellent survival, shortened telomeres in HCL/HCLv are associated with decreased survival. Shortened T/S could represent a risk factor needing further investigation/intervention to determine if non-chemotherapy treatment options, in addition to or instead of chemotherapy, might be particularly useful.
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MESH Headings
- Age Factors
- Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/therapeutic use
- Combined Modality Therapy
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Female
- Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte, Heavy Chain
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/genetics
- Immunophenotyping
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Leukemia, Hairy Cell/classification
- Leukemia, Hairy Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Hairy Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Hairy Cell/mortality
- Leukemia, Hairy Cell/surgery
- Leukocyte Count
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Prognosis
- Proportional Hazards Models
- Risk Factors
- Splenectomy
- Telomere/ultrastructure
- Telomere Homeostasis
- Telomere Shortening
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Arons
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, United States
| | - Hong Zhou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, United States
| | | | | | - Seth M Steinberg
- Biostatistics and Data Management Section, Office of the Clinical Director, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike, 37/5124b, Bethesda, MD 20892-4255, United States
| | | | | | | | - Robert J Kreitman
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, United States.
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4
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Robak T. Hairy-cell leukemia variant: recent view on diagnosis, biology and treatment. Cancer Treat Rev 2010; 37:3-10. [PMID: 20558005 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2010.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2010] [Revised: 05/20/2010] [Accepted: 05/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Hairy-cell leukemia variant (HCl-V) is a district clinico-pathological entity with intermediate features between classical HCl (HCl-C) and B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia. HCl-V is now included in the World Health Organization (WHO) classification as a provisional entity. It is an uncommon disorder accounting for approximately 0.4% of chronic lymphoid malignancies and 10% of all HCl cases. In contrast to HCl-C, HCl-V is a more aggressive disease and according to the new WHO classification it is no longer considered to be biologically related to HCl-C. Patients with HCl-V have an elevated white blood count, easy-to-aspirate bone marrow and weak reactivity to tartrate - resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). Immunophenotypically, HCl-V cells are positive for CD103 and CD11c and negative for CD25. The HCl-V cells express also the B-cell antigens, CD19, CD20 and CD22. The HCl-V patients have frequently an unmutated Ig gene configuration. Currently, the principles of therapy for this rare disease derive from uncontrolled single institutional studies, or even single case reports. In contrast to HCl-C, the HCl-V response to purine nucleoside analogs (PNA) is limited to partial responses in approximately 50% of patients. However, complete responses were observed in patients treated with rituximab and anti-CD22 immunotoxins. In Japan, a distinct subtype of HCl known as HCl-Japanese variant (HCl-JV) has been identified. As with HCl-V, patients with HCl-JV have leukocytosis, weak TRAP activity in leukemic cells, and lack of CD25 antigen. In this review, the biology, diagnostic criteria, and current therapeutic options in HCl-V and HCl-JV are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadeusz Robak
- Department of Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, Copernicus Memorial Hospital, 93-510 Lodz, Ul. Ciolkowskiego 2, Poland.
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5
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Coupland LA, Brun M, Jammu V, D'Rozario JM. A variant chronic B-cell lymphoma characterized by villous cells with novel immunophenotypic and cytogenetic profiles. Leuk Lymphoma 2005; 47:129-34. [PMID: 16321837 DOI: 10.1080/10428190500277126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The less common chronic B-cell lymphomas include hairy cell leukemia, hairy cell leukemia variant and splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes. These disease entities can sometimes cause a diagnostic dilemma; however, immunophenotypic markers have been identified as disease specific and scoring systems have been proposed to assist the process. This study reports a case of a chronic B-cell lymphoma with long cytoplasmic projections which does not fit into any of the published disease categories based upon a combination of clinical and morphological features and immunophenotyping. Furthermore, this case featured a combination of cytogenetic abnormalities not previously described in the published literature in association with a B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Coupland
- Haematology Department, The Canberra Hospital, Garran, ACT, Australia.
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6
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Abstract
Hairy-cell leukaemia-variant (HCL-variant) is a rare B-cell disorder which accounts for 10% of HCL cases. It affects elderly or middle-aged males. The main features are splenomegaly, lymphocytosis and cytopenias without monocytopenia. The circulating cells have a morphology intermediate between prolymphocytes and hairy cells. The immunophenotype shows a mature B-cell phenotype with expression of the B-cell antigens CD11c and CD103-but unlike typical HCL the cells are CD25- and HC2-negative. The histology of bone marrow and spleen shows a pattern of infiltration similar to that in HCL. There is no recurrent chromosomal abnormality but complex karyotypes and monoallelic p53 deletion by fluorescence in situ hybridization are common. Patients are resistant to alkylating agents and interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) and only half achieve partial responses to pentostatin and/or cladribine. Splenectomy results in long-lasting partial responses in over two-thirds of the patients and is a good palliative treatment. Despite the lack of response to most therapies, the clinical course of HCL-variant is chronic. The median survival is 9 years and 42% of patients die of unrelated causes. Transformation to large cell is seen in 6% of patients. The inferior survival in HCL-variant compared with typical HCL cases may reflect the chemotherapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Matutes
- Academic Department of Haematology and Cytogenetics, The Royal Marsden Hospital, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JJ, UK.
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7
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Sambani C, Trafalis DT, Mitsoulis-Mentzikoff C, Poulakidas E, Makropoulos V, Pantelias GE, Mecucci C. Clonal chromosome rearrangements in hairy cell leukemia: personal experience and review of literature. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 2001; 129:138-44. [PMID: 11566344 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(01)00448-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Cytogenetic studies in hairy cell leukemia (HCL) are rare. In the present report, cytogenetic investigations were performed on marrow cells obtained from 21 HCL male patients with a mean age of 57 years and active disease. Karyotypic analysis was successful in 18 of the 21 patients, either at diagnosis or in relapse after treatment with IFNa. Clonal chromosome abnormalities were detected in eight of 18 cases. The chromosome most frequently involved in the rearranged karyotypes was chromosome 14. Results are discussed with respect to 79 abnormal HCL cases obtained from an extensive review of the literature from 1978 to 2000.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sambani
- Laboratory of Health Physics & Environmental Hygiene, I/NT-RP, NCSR "Demokritos," 153 10 Aghia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece.
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8
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König EA, Kusser WC, Day C, Porzsolt F, Glickman BW, Messer G, Schmid M, de Châtel R, Marcsek ZL, Demeter J. p53 mutations in hairy cell leukemia. Leukemia 2000; 14:706-11. [PMID: 10764158 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2401721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We have studied the frequency of p53 mutations in genomic DNA extracted from peripheral blood or the spleen of 61 patients with hairy cell leukemia using PCR-SSCP and automated cycle sequencing. We identified exon 5-8 mutations in 17 cases, corresponding to a frequency of 28%. In four cases, mutations were localized in exon 5; one patient with atypical HCL had a mutation in exon 6 at the 3' boundary; five cases showed mutations in exon 7, while exon 8 was found to be mutated in seven cases. The mutations found could be divided into three major categories: structural (n=9), inactivating (n= 6), and neutral (n= 2) mutations. None of the three transitions found occurred at CpG dinucleotides. The rate of p53 mutations found in this large cohort of HCL patients is unexpectedly high as in other non-Hodgkin lymphomas p53 mutations predict for poor treatment outcome. The character of the mutations we have found is entirely different from that described in other hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A König
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Semmelweis University, School of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
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9
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Vallianatou K, Brito-Babapulle V, Matutes E, Atkinson S, Catovsky D. p53 gene deletion and trisomy 12 in hairy cell leukemia and its variant. Leuk Res 1999; 23:1041-5. [PMID: 10576509 DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(99)00127-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The deletion or mutation of the p53 tumour suppressor gene on chromosome 17p13 is known to be associated with aggressive disease in several B-cell malignancies. The present study describes the p53 gene status in 20 cases of hairy cell leukemia (HCL) and in 12 cases of its morphological variant (HCL-V) by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). A high incidence of p53 deletion was found in both diseases (75-100% of cases). However, a significant difference was observed between the proportion of cells with p53 deletion in HCL-V cases (mean 31%) and HCL cases (mean 12%) P value < 0.01. The observed difference correlates with the well known tendency for transformation and poor response to therapy in HCL-V and seven cases of HCL-V with greater than 22% of cells with p53 deletion showed features of disease progression and transformation. Trisomy 12 was present in 8.5% of the cells in one case of HCL-V and in 6-8% of cells in three cases of HCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Vallianatou
- Academic Department of Haematology and Cytogenetics, Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Trust/Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
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10
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Solé F, Woessner S, Florensa L, Espinet B, Lloveras E, Pedro C, Besses C, Sabrafen JS. Cytogenetic findings in five patients with hairy cell leukemia. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1999; 110:41-3. [PMID: 10198621 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(98)00178-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We studied five cases of hairy cell leukemia (HCL) using conventional cytogenetics. All patients were diagnosed with typical HCL. Chromosome analysis was carried out on a 72-hour culture of peripheral blood. Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) mitogen was used. Clonal chromosome abnormalities were found in 2/5 patients (40%), a complex abnormality being identified in one of them. The chromosomes involved were: 1, 6, 7, 8, and 17. No patient showed trisomy 12 or a 14q+. An interesting result was the finding of del(7)(q32) as a sole anomaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Solé
- Laboratori de Citologia Hematològica, Hospital de l'Esperança, Institut Muncipal d'Investigació Sanitària (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Wong KF, Kwong YL, Hui PK. Hairy cell leukemia variant with t(2;8)(p12;q24) abnormality. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1997; 98:102-5. [PMID: 9332472 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(96)00415-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Hairy cell leukemia variant is an uncommon chronic B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder characterized clinically by splenomegaly and marked leukocytosis. Cytologically, the leukemic cells are distinguishable from those of classical hairy cell leukemia by the presence of single, central, and vesicular nucleoli. Cytogenetic information for this uncommon leukemia is scanty, although structural abnormalities involving 7q34 have been reported in few cases. We report a patient with hairy cell leukemia variant who has t(2;8)(p12;q34) but without [corrected] c-MYC oncogene rearrangement.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8
- Gene Rearrangement
- Genes, myc
- Humans
- Karyotyping
- Leukemia, Hairy Cell/blood
- Leukemia, Hairy Cell/genetics
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/ultrastructure
- Male
- Microscopy, Electron
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- K F Wong
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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12
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Donner LR. Cytogenetics of lymphomas: a brief review of its theoretical and practical significance. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1997; 94:20-6. [PMID: 9078287 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(96)00213-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L R Donner
- Department of Pathology, Scott & White Clinic, Temple, TX 76508, USA
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