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Andrushchenko TA, Goncharov SV, Dosenko VE, Stroy DO, Ishchejkin KE. Allelic polymorphisms of DNA repairing genes as markers of resistance to asbestos-containing aerosols. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj91.06.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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GENETIC PREDISPOSITION TO BRONCHOPULMONARY PATHOLOGY. WORLD OF MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.26724/2079-8334-2019-2-68-7-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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TURGEON JACQUES, MURRAY KATHERINET, RODEN DANM. Effects of Drug Metabolism, Metabolites, and Stereoselectivity on Antiarrhythmic Drug Action. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8167.1990.tb01065.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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O'Neill SC, Luta G, Peshkin BN, Abraham A, Walker LR, Tercyak KP. Adolescent medical providers' willingness to recommend genetic susceptibility testing for nicotine addiction and lung cancer risk to adolescents. J Pediatr Psychol 2008; 34:617-26. [PMID: 18687733 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsn086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the influences of disease, lifestyle, and other factors on adolescent medical providers' willingness to recommend genetic susceptibility testing (GST). METHOD Providers attending a national conference completed a self-report survey (n = 232) about their willingness to recommend hypothetical GSTs, differentiated by disease (nicotine addiction/lung cancer), patient lifestyle (nonsmoker/smoker), and other contextual factors. RESULTS Compared to recommending GST unconditionally, providers were more willing to recommend GST with parental/patient consent/assent, and in the presence of a preexisting illness and substance abuse history. Compared to offering nicotine addiction GST to a nonsmoker, providers were more willing to offer this type of testing to a smoker and were more willing to offer GST for lung cancer regardless of patient lifestyle. CONCLUSIONS Providers' willingness to recommend GSTs is sensitive to many factors. Efforts to integrate GST into adolescent preventive care likely will need to address these and other influences on provider behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne C O'Neill
- Cancer Control Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington DC 20007, USA.
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Carpenter MJ, Strange C, Jones Y, Dickson MR, Carter C, Moseley MA, Gilbert GE. Does genetic testing result in behavioral health change? Changes in smoking behavior following testing for alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. Ann Behav Med 2007; 33:22-8. [PMID: 17291167 DOI: 10.1207/s15324796abm3301_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As genetic testing for health risk becomes increasingly available, it becomes important to study the prospective impact of testing on modifiable health behavior. PURPOSE This study examines the impact of genetic testing for alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency, a condition that usually results in emphysema in individuals exposed to cigarette smoke. We evaluated whether AAT testing, performed in the home and with minimal contact (reading materials including advice on cessation), results in quit attempts and abstinence. METHODS Identified smokers (N = 199) from a larger study of genetic testing were surveyed 3 months following receipt of their AAT genotype. The primary endpoint was the incidence of quit attempts. RESULTS Smokers who tested severely AAT deficient were significantly more likely to report a 24-hr quit attempt (59%) than were those who tested normal (26%). Carriers had a 34% quit attempt rate. Severely AAT deficient smokers were more likely than both carriers and normals to seek information on treatment, use pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation, and report greater reductions in their smoking. There were no group differences in 3-month abstinence rates. CONCLUSIONS Knowledge of severe AAT deficiency, but not carrier status, may motivate smokers toward cessation. The AAT testing experience may have consequences for outcomes of other genetic conditions with modifiable health behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Carpenter
- Medical University of South Carolina, Hollings Cancer Center, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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Hatagima A. Genetic polymorphisms and metabolism of endocrine disruptors in cancer susceptibility. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2002; 18:357-77. [PMID: 11923879 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-311x2002000200002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have estimated that approximately 80% of all cancers are related to environmental factors. Individual cancer susceptibility can be the result of several host factors, including differences in metabolism, DNA repair, altered expression of tumor suppressor genes and proto-oncogenes, and nutritional status. Xenobiotic metabolism is the principal mechanism for maintaining homeostasis during the body's exposure to xenobiotics. The balance of xenobiotic absorption and elimination rates in metabolism can be important in the prevention of DNA damage by chemical carcinogens. Thus the ability to metabolize and eliminate xenobiotics can be considered one of the body's first protective mechanisms. Variability in individual metabolism has been related to the enzymatic polymorphisms involved in activation and detoxification of chemical carcinogens. This paper is a contemporary literature review on genetic polymorphisms involved in the metabolism of endocrine disruptors potentially related to cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Hatagima
- Laboratório de Genética Humana, Departamento de Genética, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21045-900, Brasil.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Williams
- Portex Department of Anaesthesia, Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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Khoury MJ, Beaty TH, Cohen BH. Scope and strategies of genetic epidemiology: analysis of articles published in Genetic Epidemiology, 1984-1991. Genet Epidemiol 1993; 10:321-9. [PMID: 8224810 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.1370100505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Genetic epidemiology is a relatively new discipline that seeks to unravel the role of genetic factors and their interactions with environmental factors in the etiology of diseases, using population and family study approaches. To characterize the overall direction and emphasis of research strategies used in this field, we reviewed original research articles published in the journal Genetic Epidemiology since its inception in 1984 until the end of 1991. Of 259 published original articles, 92 (35%) focused primarily on methodologic/statistical developments, most commonly in the area of linkage analysis/gene mapping, and 167 (65%) articles were applied or data-derived. Only 42 articles (16%) were population studies, and 217 (84%) were family studies. Most family studies dealt with genetic analysis of pedigree data using segregation and linkage analyses. Of the 137 applied family studies, 73 (53%) were drawn from well-defined populations, and only 40 (29%) considered specific environmental factors in their analyses. These findings clearly indicate a rapid growth in the methodologic and statistical aspects of genetic epidemiology, and in the emphasis on family-based studies and genetic analysis methods. Further developments in genetic epidemiology will require greater integration of epidemiologic approaches of study design and analyses into population and family studies of disease etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Khoury
- Birth Defects and Genetic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Guttendorf
- Pharmacokinetics/Drug Metabolism Department, Parke-Davis Pharmaceutical Research Division, Warner-Lambert Co., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
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Smith CJ, Sears SB, Walker JC, DeLuca PO. Environmental tobacco smoke: current assessment and future directions. Toxicol Pathol 1992; 20:289-303; discussion 303-5. [PMID: 1475591 DOI: 10.1177/019262339202000217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Scientific information on environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is critically reviewed. Key areas addressed are: differences in chemical composition between mainstream smoke, sidestream smoke, and ETS; techniques for measurement of ETS; epidemiology; in vitro and in vivo toxicology; and chamber and field studies of perceptual or physiological effects. Questions concerning estimation of ETS exposure, suitability of various biomarkers, calculation of lifetime dose, control of confounding variables, use of meta-analysis, and the relationship between ETS concentrations and human responses all emphasize the need for additional research in order to assess potential effects of ETS on health or comfort.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Smith
- R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, Research & Development, Bowman Gray Technical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27102
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Turgeon J, Evans WE, Relling MV, Wilkinson GR, Roden DM. Phenotypic debrisoquine 4-hydroxylase activity among extensive metabolizers is unrelated to genotype as determined by the Xba-I restriction fragment length polymorphism. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1991; 32:283-8. [PMID: 1685663 PMCID: PMC1368519 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1991.tb03900.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
1. The major pathway for 4-hydroxylation of debrisoquine in man is polymorphic and under genetic control. More than 90% of subjects (extensive metabolizers, EMs) have active debrisoquine 4-hydroxylase (cytochrome P450IID6) while in the remainder (poor metabolizers, PMs), cytochrome P450IID6 activity is greatly impaired. 2. Within the EM group, cytochrome P450IID6-mediated metabolism of a range of substrates varies widely. Some of this intra-phenotype non-uniformity may be explained by the presence of two subsets of subjects with different genotypes (heterozygotes and homozygotes). 3. Cytochrome P450IID6 substrates have not differentiated between these two genotypes. However, a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) which identifies mutant alleles of cytochrome P450IID6 locus has been described and can definitively assign genotype in some heterozygous EM subjects. 4. In this study, we used RFLP analysis and encainide as a model substrate to determine if non-uniformity in cytochrome P450IID6 activity among EMs is related to genotype. We tested the hypothesis that heterozygotes exhibit intermediate metabolic activity and that homozygous dominants exhibit the highest activity. We proposed encainide as a useful substrate for this purpose since cytochrome P450IID6 catalyzes not only its biotransformation to O-desmethyl encainide (ODE) but also the subsequent metabolism of ODE to 3-methoxy-O-desmethyl encainide (MODE). 5. A single 50 mg oral dose of encainide was administered to 139 normal volunteers and 14 PMs were identified. Urinary ratios among encainide, ODE and MODE in the remaining 125 EM subjects revealed a wide range of cytochrome P450IID6 activity. However, Southern blotting of genomic DNA digested with XbaI identified obligate heterozygotes in both extremes of all ratio distributions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- J Turgeon
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6602
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Green-Gallo LA, Buivys DM, Fisher KL, Caporaso N, Slawson RG, Elias G, Didolkar MS, Ivusich WJ, Resau JH. A protocol for the safe administration of debrisoquine in biochemical epidemiologic research protocols for hospitalized patients. Cancer 1991; 68:206-10. [PMID: 2049747 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(19910701)68:1<206::aid-cncr2820680138>3.0.co;2-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The genetically determined ability to metabolize the antihypertensive drug debrisoquine has been proposed as a genetic risk factor for primary carcinomas of the lung. To test this hypothesis, the metabolism of the drug was evaluated in a case control study. The subjects were characterized by their ability to metabolize debrisoquine after receiving a test dose of the drug followed by the collection of an 8-hour urine sample. They were classified by laboratory analysis into one of the following three groups: extensive, intermediate, and poor metabolizers. Poor metabolizers comprise 10% of the population and are unable to hydroxylate the drug. This group was expected to be at highest risk for deleterious effects from this medication. A protocol was created that included patient education and blood pressure monitoring to administer this medication safely to a group of patients with cancer who were already compromised. Although poor metabolizers showed a small decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, no significant hypotensive episodes or clinical sequelae were observed in any of the groups. These data suggest that debrisoquine can be administered safely in a controlled clinical setting and will be useful for the characterization of lung cancer patients in biochemical epidemiology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Green-Gallo
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore 21201
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Ladero JM, Benítez J, González JF, Vargas E, Díaz-Rubio M. Oxidative polymorphism of debrisoquine is not related to human colo-rectal cancer. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1991; 40:525-7. [PMID: 1884729 DOI: 10.1007/bf00315234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The oxidative polymorphism of debrisoquine (DBQ) has been determined in 89 patients with colo-rectal cancer and in 556 normal control subjects. Four patients and 34 controls, with a metabolic ratio greater than 12.6, were classified as poor metabolisers of DBQ (n.s.). No difference was found in the distribution of the frequencies of the MR of DBQ between patients and controls. It is concluded that polymorphic oxidation of DBQ is not related to the risk of developing colo-rectal cancer in human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Ladero
- Department of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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Benítez J, Ladero JM, Jara C, Carrillo JA, Cobaleda J, Llerena A, Vargas E, Muñoz JJ. Polymorphic oxidation of debrisoquine in lung cancer patients. Eur J Cancer 1991; 27:158-61. [PMID: 1827280 DOI: 10.1016/0277-5379(91)90477-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative polymorphism of debrisoquine (DBQ) was assessed in 84 patients (81 male) with histologically proven bronchogenic carcinoma and in 143 healthy male smokers. 80 (95%) patients and 133 (93%) controls, with a metabolic ratio (MR) below 12.6, were classified as extensive metabolisers of DBQ (no significant difference between patients and controls). Only 1 of the 73 patients with epidermoid or microcytic carcinomas was classified as a poor metaboliser (PM) (P = 0.031 compared with controls). 63 patients (75%) and 110 controls (77%) showed a very fast oxidative rate, with MR values under 1 (not significant). The EM phenotype of DBQ might be a secondary genetic risk factor for developing bronchogenic carcinoma in male smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Benítez
- Department of Pharmacology and Psychiatry, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
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Tamai S, Sugimura H, Caporaso NE, Resau JH, Trump BF, Weston A, Harris CC. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the L-myc gene locus in a case-control study of lung cancer. Int J Cancer 1990; 46:411-5. [PMID: 1975565 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910460314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The L-myc DNA-restriction fragment length polymorphism, revealed by EcoRI, has been studied in both a lung cancer case-control framework and a cohort of 40 non-diseased unrelated individuals. No association was found between the L-myc allelic frequencies and disease status, tumor stage or lung cancer histology. A strong association was, however, observed between the L-myc allelic frequencies and ethnic origin (black or white) of the subjects. Among American whites the allelic distribution at the L-myc proto-oncogene locus was almost identical to that previously reported for Japanese subjects. Among the American black population there was a significantly higher frequency of the presence of the polymorphic EcoRI restriction site in the second intron of the L-myc proto-oncogene. These data emphasize the importance of conducting epidemiologic studies that control for ethnic factors and indicate that L-myc EcoRI allelotypes do not appear to be predictive of lung cancer risk or disease status in American blacks and whites.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tamai
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
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Caporaso N, Idle JR. The rationale for case-control methodology in epidemiological studies of cancer risk (response to Speirs et al., 1990). Br J Clin Pharmacol 1990; 30:149-50. [PMID: 2390425 PMCID: PMC1368288 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1990.tb03756.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- N Caporaso
- Environmental Epidemiology Branch, DCE, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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