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Ho LT, Hsu YP, Hsiao CF, Ting CT, Shih KC, Chuang LM, Masaki K, Grove J, Quertermous T, Juan CC, Lin MW, Chiang SC, Chen YDI. Endothelin Type A Receptor Genotype is a Determinant of Quantitative Traits of Metabolic Syndrome in Asian Hypertensive Families: A SAPPHIRe Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2013; 4:172. [PMID: 24348460 PMCID: PMC3842518 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2013.00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Co-heritability of hypertension and insulin resistance (IR) within families not only implies genetic susceptibility may be responsible for these complex traits but also suggests a rational that biological candidate genes for hypertension may serve as markers for features of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). Thus we determined whether the T323C polymorphism (rs5333) of endothelin type A (ETA) receptor, a predominant receptor evoking potent vasoconstrictive action of endothelin-1, contributes to susceptibility to IR-associated hypertension in 1694 subjects of Chinese and Japanese origins. Blood pressures (BPs) and biochemistries were measured. Fasting insulin level, insulin-resistance homeostasis model assessment (HOMAIR) score, and area under curve of insulin concentration (AUCINS) were selected for assessing insulin sensitivity. Genotypes were obtained by methods of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Foremost findings were that minor allele frequency of the T323C polymorphism was noticeable lower in our overall Asian subjects compared to multi-national population reported in gene database; moreover both the genotypic and allelic frequencies of the polymorphism were significantly different between the two ethnic groups we studied. The genotype distributions at TT/TC/CC were 65, 31, 4% in Chinese and 51, 41, 8% in Japanese, respectively (p < 0.0001). Additionally, carriers of the C homozygote revealed characteristics of IR, namely significantly higher levels of fasting insulin, HOMAIR score, and AUCINS at 29.3, 35.3, and 39.3%, respectively, when compared to their counterparts with TT/TC genotypes in Chinese. Meanwhile, the CC genotype was associated with a higher level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol in Japanese. No association of the polymorphism with BP was observed. This study demonstrated for the first time that T323C polymorphism of ETA receptor gene was associated with an adverse insulin response in Chinese and a favorite atherogenic index in Japanese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Low-Tone Ho
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Physiology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Low-Tone Ho, Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201 Shih-Pai Road Section 2, Taipei 11217, Taiwan e-mail:
| | - Yung-Pei Hsu
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Fu Hsiao
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Tai Ting
- Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Chung Shih
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Ming Chuang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - John Grove
- Department of Public Health Sciences and Epidemiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii and Pacific Health Research Institute, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Thomas Quertermous
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Falk Cardiovascular Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chi-Chung Juan
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Physiology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Wei Lin
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chiung Chiang
- Information Service Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yii-Der I. Chen
- Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Sung H, Ji F, Levy DL, Matthysse S, Mendell NR. The power of linkage analysis of a disease-related endophenotype using asymmetrically ascertained sib pairs. Comput Stat Data Anal 2009; 53:1829-1842. [PMID: 20160849 DOI: 10.1016/j.csda.2008.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A linkage study of a qualitative disease endophenotype in a sample of sib pairs, consisting of one disease affected proband and one sibling is considered. The linkage statistic compares marker allele sharing with the proband in siblings with an abnormal endophenotype to siblings with the normal endophenotype. Expressions for the distribution of this linkage statistic, in terms of the recombination fraction are derived and (1) the genetic parameter values (allele frequency and endophenotype and disease penetrance) and (2) the abnormal endophenotype rates in the population and in classes of relatives of disease affected probands. It is then shown that when either the disease or the abnormal endophenotype has additive penetrance, the expressions simplify to a monotonic function of the difference between abnormal endophenotype rates in siblings and in the population. Thought disorder is considered as a putative schizophrenia endophenotype. Forty sets of genetic parameter values that correspond to the known prevalence values for thought disorder in schizophrenic patients, siblings of schizophrenics and the general population are evaluated. For these genetic parameter values, numerical results show that the test statistic has>70% power (α = 0.0001) in general with a sample of 200 or more proband-sibling pairs to detect the linkage between a marker (θ = 0.01), and a locus pleiotropic for schizophrenia and thought disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heejong Sung
- Genometric Section, IDRB, NHGRI, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Gu CC, Flores HR, de las Fuentes L, Dávila-Román VG. Enhanced detection of genetic association of hypertensive heart disease by analysis of latent phenotypes. Genet Epidemiol 2008; 32:528-38. [PMID: 18435473 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.20326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension and hypertensive heart disease (HHD) are inter-related phenotypes frequently observed with other comorbidities such as diabetes, obesity, and dyslipidemia, which probably reflect the complex gene-gene and/or gene-environment interactions resulting in HHD. The complexity of HHD led us to examine intermediate phenotypes (e.g., echocardiographically-derived measures) for simpler clues to the genetic underpinnings of the disease. We applied the method of independent component analysis to a prospective study of the metabolic predictors of left ventricular hypertrophy and extracted latent traits of HHD from panels of multi-dimensional anthropomorphic, hemodynamic echocardiographic and metabolic data. Based on the latent trait values, classification of subjects into different risk groups for HHD captured meaningful subtypes of the disease as reflected in the distributions of primary clinical indicators. Furthermore, we detected genetic associations of the latent HHD traits with single nucleotide polymorphisms in three candidate genes in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors complex, for which no significant association was found with the original clinical indicators of HHD. Consensus analysis of the results from repeated independent component analysis runs showed satisfactory robustness and estimated about 3-4 separate unseen sources for the observed HHD-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Charles Gu
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
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