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Zhao Y, Ou M, Liu J, Jiang J, Zhang D, Ke B, Wu Y, Chen Y, Jiang R, Hemmings HC, Zhu T, Zhou C. Astrocytes Modulate a Specific Paraventricular Thalamus→Prefrontal Cortex Projection to Enhance Consciousness Recovery from Anesthesia. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1808232024. [PMID: 38926088 PMCID: PMC11340278 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1808-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Current anesthetic theory is mostly based on neurons and/or neuronal circuits. A role for astrocytes also has been shown in promoting recovery from volatile anesthesia, while the exact modulatory mechanism and/or the molecular target in astrocytes is still unknown. In this study by animal models in male mice and electrophysiological recordings in vivo and in vitro, we found that activating astrocytes of the paraventricular thalamus (PVT) and/or knocking down PVT astrocytic Kir4.1 promoted the consciousness recovery from sevoflurane anesthesia. Single-cell RNA sequencing of the PVT reveals two distinct cellular subtypes of glutamatergic neurons: PVT GRM and PVT ChAT neurons. Patch-clamp recording results proved astrocytic Kir4.1-mediated modulation of sevoflurane on the PVT mainly worked on PVT ChAT neurons, which projected mainly to the mPFC. In summary, our findings support the novel conception that there is a specific PVT→prefrontal cortex projection involved in consciousness recovery from sevoflurane anesthesia, which is mediated by the inhibition of sevoflurane on PVT astrocytic Kir4.1 conductance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Research Institution of Anesthesiology, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Mengchan Ou
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Research Institution of Anesthesiology, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Research Institution of Anesthesiology, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jingyao Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Research Institution of Anesthesiology, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Donghang Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Research Institution of Anesthesiology, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bowen Ke
- Research Institution of Anesthesiology, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yujie Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Research Institution of Anesthesiology, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yali Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Research Institution of Anesthesiology, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ruotian Jiang
- Research Institution of Anesthesiology, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hugh C Hemmings
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Research Institution of Anesthesiology, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Hastings RL, Valdez G. Origin, identity, and function of terminal Schwann cells. Trends Neurosci 2024; 47:432-446. [PMID: 38664109 PMCID: PMC11168889 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2024.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
The highly specialized nonmyelinating glial cells present at somatic peripheral nerve endings, known collectively as terminal Schwann cells (TSCs), play critical roles in the development, function and repair of their motor and sensory axon terminals and innervating tissue. Over the past decades, research efforts across various vertebrate species have revealed that while TSCs are a diverse group of cells, they share a number of features among them. In this review, we summarize the state-of-knowledge about each TSC type and explore the opportunities that TSCs provide to treat conditions that afflict peripheral axon terminals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Louis Hastings
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Gregorio Valdez
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Center for Translational Neuroscience, Robert J. and Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science, and Center on the Biology of Aging, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
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Ling J, He C, Zhang S, Zhao Y, Zhu M, Tang X, Li Q, Xu L, Yang Y. Progress in methods for evaluating Schwann cell myelination and axonal growth in peripheral nerve regeneration via scaffolds. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1308761. [PMID: 38162183 PMCID: PMC10755477 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1308761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is a neurological disorder caused by trauma that is frequently induced by accidents, war, and surgical complications, which is of global significance. The severity of the injury determines the potential for lifelong disability in patients. Artificial nerve scaffolds have been investigated as a powerful tool for promoting optimal regeneration of nerve defects. Over the past few decades, bionic scaffolds have been successfully developed to provide guidance and biological cues to facilitate Schwann cell myelination and orientated axonal growth. Numerous assessment techniques have been employed to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of nerve scaffolds in promoting the growth of Schwann cells and axons upon the bioactivities of distinct scaffolds, which have encouraged a greater understanding of the biological mechanisms involved in peripheral nerve development and regeneration. However, it is still difficult to compare the results from different labs due to the diversity of protocols and the availability of innovative technologies when evaluating the effectiveness of novel artificial scaffolds. Meanwhile, due to the complicated process of peripheral nerve regeneration, several evaluation methods are usually combined in studies on peripheral nerve repair. Herein, we have provided an overview of the evaluation methods used to study the outcomes of scaffold-based therapies for PNI in experimental animal models and especially focus on Schwann cell functions and axonal growth within the regenerated nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Ling
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Ministry of Education and Jiangsu Province, Co-Innovation Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chang He
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Ministry of Education and Jiangsu Province, Co-Innovation Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Shuxuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Ministry of Education and Jiangsu Province, Co-Innovation Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yahong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Ministry of Education and Jiangsu Province, Co-Innovation Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Meifeng Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Ministry of Education and Jiangsu Province, Co-Innovation Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Qiaoyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Ministry of Education and Jiangsu Province, Co-Innovation Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Liming Xu
- Institute of Medical Device Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yumin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Ministry of Education and Jiangsu Province, Co-Innovation Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Konnova EA, Deftu AF, Chu Sin Chung P, Pertin M, Kirschmann G, Decosterd I, Suter MR. Characterisation of GFAP-Expressing Glial Cells in the Dorsal Root Ganglion after Spared Nerve Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15559. [PMID: 37958541 PMCID: PMC10647921 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Satellite glial cells (SGCs), enveloping primary sensory neurons' somas in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG), contribute to neuropathic pain upon nerve injury. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) serves as an SGC activation marker, though its DRG satellite cell specificity is debated. We employed the hGFAP-CFP transgenic mouse line, designed for astrocyte studies, to explore its expression within the peripheral nervous system (PNS) after spared nerve injury (SNI). We used diverse immunostaining techniques, Western blot analysis, and electrophysiology to evaluate GFAP+ cell changes. Post-SNI, GFAP+ cell numbers increased without proliferation, and were found near injured ATF3+ neurons. GFAP+ FABP7+ SGCs increased, yet 75.5% of DRG GFAP+ cells lacked FABP7 expression. This suggests a significant subset of GFAP+ cells are non-myelinating Schwann cells (nmSC), indicated by their presence in the dorsal root but not in the ventral root which lacks unmyelinated fibres. Additionally, patch clamp recordings from GFAP+ FABP7-cells lacked SGC-specific Kir4.1 currents, instead displaying outward Kv currents expressing Kv1.1 and Kv1.6 channels specific to nmSCs. In conclusion, this study demonstrates increased GFAP expression in two DRG glial cell subpopulations post-SNI: GFAP+ FABP7+ SGCs and GFAP+ FABP7- nmSCs, shedding light on GFAP's specificity as an SGC marker after SNI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena A. Konnova
- Pain Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexandru-Florian Deftu
- Pain Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paul Chu Sin Chung
- Pain Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marie Pertin
- Pain Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Guylène Kirschmann
- Pain Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Decosterd
- Pain Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marc R. Suter
- Pain Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
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5
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Guzman SD, Abu-Mahfouz A, Davis CS, Ruiz LP, Macpherson PC, Brooks SV. Decoding muscle-resident Schwann cell dynamics during neuromuscular junction remodeling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.06.561193. [PMID: 38370853 PMCID: PMC10871306 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.06.561193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Understanding neuromuscular junction (NMJ) repair mechanisms is essential for addressing degenerative neuromuscular conditions. Here, we focus on the role of muscle-resident Schwann cells in NMJ reinnervation. In young Sod1-/- mice, a model of progressive NMJ degeneration, we identified a clear NMJ 'regenerative window' that allowed us to define regulators of reinnervation and crossing Sod1-/- mice with S100GFP-tg mice permitted visualization and analysis of Schwann cells. High-resolution imaging and single-cell RNA sequencing provide a detailed analysis of Schwann cell number, morphology, and transcriptome revealing multiple subtypes, including a previously unrecognized terminal Schwann cell (tSC) population expressing a synapse promoting signature. We also discovered a novel SPP1-driven cellular interaction between myelin Schwann cells and tSCs and show that it promotes tSC proliferation and reinnervation following nerve injury in wild type mice. Our findings offer important insights into molecular regulators critical in NMJ reinnervation that are mediated through tSCs to maintain NMJ function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve D Guzman
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ahmad Abu-Mahfouz
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Carol S Davis
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lloyd P Ruiz
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Peter C Macpherson
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Susan V Brooks
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Gunsch G, Paradie E, Townsend KL. Peripheral nervous system glia in support of metabolic tissue functions. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2023; 34:622-639. [PMID: 37591710 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
The peripheral nervous system (PNS) relays information between organs and tissues and the brain and spine to maintain homeostasis, regulate tissue functions, and respond to interoceptive and exteroceptive signals. Glial cells perform support roles to maintain nerve function, plasticity, and survival. The glia of the central nervous system (CNS) are well characterized, but PNS glia (PNSG) populations, particularly tissue-specific subtypes, are underexplored. PNSG are found in large nerves (such as the sciatic), the ganglia, and the tissues themselves, and can crosstalk with a range of cell types in addition to neurons. PNSG are also subject to phenotypic changes in response to signals from their local tissue environment, including metabolic changes. These topics and the importance of PNSG in metabolically active tissues, such as adipose, muscle, heart, and lymphatic tissues, are outlined in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilian Gunsch
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Emma Paradie
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kristy L Townsend
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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