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Henderson C, Rehill A, Brooker D, Evans SC, Evans SB, Bray J, Saibene FL, Scorolli C, Szcześniak D, d'Arma A, Lion K, Atkinson T, Farina E, Rymaszewska J, Chattat R, Meiland F, Dröes RM, Knapp M. Costs and cost-effectiveness of the meeting centres support programme for people living with dementia and carers in Italy, Poland and the UK: The MEETINGDEM study. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2021; 29:1756-1768. [PMID: 33506538 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We examined the costs and cost-effectiveness of the Meeting Centre Support Programme (MCSP) implemented and piloted in the UK, Poland and Italy, replicating the Dutch Meeting Centre model. Dutch Meeting Centres combine day services for people with dementia with carer support. Data were collected over 2015-2016 from MCSP and usual care (UC) participants (people with dementia-carer dyads) at baseline and 6 months. We examined participants' health and social care (HSC), and societal costs, including Meeting Centre (MC) attendances. Costs and outcomes in MCSP and UC groups were compared. Primary outcomes: Persons with dementia: quality-adjusted life years (EQ-5D-5L-derived); QOL-AD. DQoL was examined as a secondary outcome. Carers: Short Sense of Competence Questionnaire (SSCQ). Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER) and cost-effectiveness acceptability curves were obtained by bootstrapping outcome and cost regression estimates. Eighty-three MCSP and 69 UC dyads were analysed. The 6-month cost of providing MCSP was €4,703; participants with dementia attended MC a mean of 45 times and carers 15 times. Including intervention costs, adjusted 6-month HSC costs were €5,941higher in MCSP than in UC. From the HSC perspective: in terms of QALY, the probability of cost-effectiveness was zero over willingness-to-pay (WTP) ranging from €0 to €350,000. On QOL-AD, the probability of cost-effectiveness of MCSP was 50% at WTP of €5,000 for a one-point increase. A one-point gain in the DQoL positive affect subscale had a probability of cost-effectiveness of 99% at WTP over €8,000. On SSCQ, no significant difference was found between MCSP and UC. Evidence for cost-effectiveness of MCSP was mixed but suggests that it may be cost-effective in relation to gains in dementia-specific quality of life measures. MCs offer effective tailored post-diagnostic support services to both people with dementia and carers in a context where few evidence-based alternatives to formal home-based social services may be available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Henderson
- Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Amritpal Rehill
- Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Dawn Brooker
- Association for Dementia Studies, University of Worcester, Worcester, UK
| | - Simon C Evans
- Association for Dementia Studies, University of Worcester, Worcester, UK
| | - Shirley B Evans
- Association for Dementia Studies, University of Worcester, Worcester, UK
| | - Jennifer Bray
- Association for Dementia Studies, University of Worcester, Worcester, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Teresa Atkinson
- Association for Dementia Studies, University of Worcester, Worcester, UK
| | | | | | | | - Franka Meiland
- Amsterdam University Medical Centres, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rose-Marie Dröes
- Amsterdam University Medical Centres, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Knapp
- Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
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Cajanus A, Solje E, Koikkalainen J, Lötjönen J, Suhonen NM, Hallikainen I, Vanninen R, Hartikainen P, de Marco M, Venneri A, Soininen H, Remes AM, Hall A. The Association Between Distinct Frontal Brain Volumes and Behavioral Symptoms in Mild Cognitive Impairment, Alzheimer's Disease, and Frontotemporal Dementia. Front Neurol 2019; 10:1059. [PMID: 31632342 PMCID: PMC6786130 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Our aim was to investigate the association between behavioral symptoms of agitation, disinhibition, irritability, elation, and aberrant motor behavior to frontal brain volumes in a cohort with various neurodegenerative diseases. A total of 121 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n = 58), Alzheimer's disease (AD, n = 45) and behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD, n = 18) were evaluated with a Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). A T1-weighted MRI scan was acquired for each participant and quantified with a multi-atlas segmentation method. The volumetric MRI measures of the frontal lobes were associated with neuropsychiatric symptom scores with a linear model. In the regression model, we included CDR score and TMT B time as covariates to account for cognitive and executive functions. The brain volumes were corrected for age, gender and head size. The total behavioral symptom score of the five symptoms of interest was negatively associated with the volume of the subcallosal area (β = −0.32, p = 0.002). High disinhibition scores were associated with reduced volume in the gyrus rectus (β = −0.30, p = 0.002), medial frontal cortex (β = −0.30, p = 0.002), superior frontal gyrus (β = −0.28, p = 0.003), inferior frontal gyrus (β = −0.28, p = 0.005) and subcallosal area (β = −0.28, p = 0.005). Elation scores were associated with reduced volumes of the medial orbital gyrus (β = −0.30, p = 0.002) and inferior frontal gyrus (β = −0.28, p = 0.004). Aberrant motor behavior was associated with atrophy of frontal pole (β = −0.29, p = 0.005) and the subcallosal area (β = −0.39, p < 0.001). No significant associations with frontal brain volumes were found for agitation and irritability. We conclude that the subcallosal area may be common neuroanatomical area for behavioral symptoms in neurodegenerative diseases, and it appears to be independent of disease etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti Cajanus
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Neurocenter, Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Eino Solje
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Neurocenter, Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | | | | | - Ilona Hallikainen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ritva Vanninen
- Department of Radiology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Matteo de Marco
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Annalena Venneri
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Hilkka Soininen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anne M Remes
- MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, Neurology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anette Hall
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Van der Mussele S, Mariën P, Saerens J, Somers N, Goeman J, De Deyn PP, Engelborghs S. Psychosis associated behavioral and psychological signs and symptoms in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's dementia. Aging Ment Health 2016; 19:818-28. [PMID: 25323000 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2014.967170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of psychosis in mild cognitive impairment (MCI, Petersen's criteria) and patients with Alzheimer's dementia, and to characterize the associated behavioral and psychological signs and symptoms of dementia (BPSD). METHOD A cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from an ongoing, prospective, longitudinal study on BPSD was performed, including 270 MCI and 402 AD patients. BPSD assessment was performed through Middelheim Frontality Score (MFS), Behave-AD, Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI) and Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (CSDD). Psychosis was considered to be clinically relevant when delusions and/or hallucinations occurred at least once in the last two weeks prior to the BPSD assessment. RESULTS The prevalence of psychosis in AD (40%) was higher than in MCI (14%; p < 0.001). AD patients with psychosis showed more severe frontal lobe, BPSD, agitation and depressive symptoms (MFS, Behave-AD, CMAI and CSDD total scores), whereas MCI patients with psychosis only showed more severe frontal lobe and physically non-aggressive agitated behavior. In addition, only in psychotic AD patients, all BPSD and types of agitation were more severe compared to non-psychotic AD patients. Comparing MCI and AD patients, MCI patients with psychosis did not show more severe frontal lobe, behavioral and psychological (Behave-AD), depressive symptoms or agitation than AD patients without psychosis. CONCLUSION AD patients clearly display psychosis associated BPSD, whereas MCI patients only display more severe frontal lobe symptoms and physically non-aggressive agitated behavior, but also less pronounced than in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Van der Mussele
- a Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge , University of Antwerp (UAntwerp) , Antwerp , Belgium
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Paterson RW, Toombs J, Slattery CF, Nicholas JM, Andreasson U, Magdalinou NK, Blennow K, Warren JD, Mummery CJ, Rossor MN, Lunn MP, Crutch SJ, Fox NC, Zetterberg H, Schott JM. Dissecting IWG-2 typical and atypical Alzheimer's disease: insights from cerebrospinal fluid analysis. J Neurol 2015; 262:2722-30. [PMID: 26410752 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-015-7904-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Pathobiological factors underlying phenotypic diversity in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are incompletely understood. We used an extended cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) panel to explore differences between "typical" with "atypical" AD and between amnestic, posterior cortical atrophy, logopenic aphasia and frontal variants. We included 97 subjects fulfilling International Working Group-2 research criteria for AD of whom 61 had "typical" AD and 36 "atypical" syndromes, and 30 controls. CSF biomarkers included total tau (T-tau), phosphorylated tau (P-tau), amyloid β1-42, amyloid βX-38/40/42, YKL-40, neurofilament light (NFL), and amyloid precursor proteins α and β. The typical and atypical groups were matched for age, sex, severity and rate of cognitive decline and had similar biomarker profiles, with the exception of NFL which was higher in the atypical group (p = 0.03). Sub-classifying the atypical group into its constituent clinical syndromes, posterior cortical atrophy was associated with the lowest T-tau [604.4 (436.8-675.8) pg/mL], P-tau (79.8 ± 21.8 pg/L), T-tau/Aβ1-42 ratio [2.3 (1.4-2.6)], AβX-40/X-42 ratio (22.1 ± 5.8) and rate of cognitive decline [1.9 (0.75-4.25) MMSE points/year]. Conversely, the frontal variant group had the highest levels of T-tau [1185.4 (591.7-1329.3) pg/mL], P-tau (116.4 ± 45.4 pg/L), T-tau/Aβ1-42 ratio [5.2 (3.3-6.9)] and AβX-40/X-42 ratio (27.9 ± 7.5), and rate of cognitive decline. Whilst on a group level IWG-2 "typical" and "atypical" AD share similar CSF profiles, which are very different from controls, atypical AD is a heterogeneous entity with evidence for subtle differences in amyloid processing and neurodegeneration between different clinical syndromes. These findings also have practical implications for the interpretation of clinical CSF biomarker results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross W Paterson
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
| | - Jamie Toombs
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | | | - Jennifer M Nicholas
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Ulf Andreasson
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | | | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Jason D Warren
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Cath J Mummery
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Martin N Rossor
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Michael P Lunn
- Department of Clinical Neuroimmunology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | | | - Nick C Fox
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Jonathan M Schott
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK. .,Box 16 National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.
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Role of semiquantitative assessment of regional binding potential in 123I-FP-CIT SPECT for the differentiation of frontotemporal dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, and Alzheimer's dementia. Clin Nucl Med 2015; 40:e27-33. [PMID: 25140560 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000000554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION I-FP-CIT SPECT is increasingly used to differentiate between Alzheimer's dementia (AD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). The role of I-FP-CIT SPECT in frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is rather unclear, albeit nigrostriatal involvement may occur. The aim of this study was to evaluate its role in the differentiation of FTD, DLB, and AD. METHODS We analyzed 34 patients with clinical diagnosis of FTD (n = 13), DLB (n = 12), and AD (n = 9) undergoing combined F-FDG PET and I-FP-CIT SPECT. We performed a semiquantitative region of interest-based analysis to determine the binding potential values in caudate nucleus, putamen, and whole striatum including the caudate/putamen binding potential ratio and asymmetry indices. The receiver operating characteristic analyses and multinomial logistic regression were conducted to assess discrimination accuracy. RESULTS The putaminal binding potential separated DLB from AD with high accuracy (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC], 0.94). It also discriminated FTD from DLB with high accuracy (AUC, 0.92), whereas differentiation between FTD and AD was less accurate (AUC, 0.74). The binding potential ratio also provided high accuracy for differentiation of FTD and DLB (AUC, 0.91). Combination of these 2 parameters yielded slightly higher results for differentiation of FTD and DLB (AUC, 0.97). In a group including all patients, accuracy remained very high for DLB (AUC, 0.95), whereas values for FTD (AUC, 0.81) and AD (AUC, 0.80) were lower. CONCLUSIONS Semiquantitative assessment of striatal dopamine transporter availability can differentiate between FTD and DLB as well as DLB and AD with high accuracy, whereas discrimination between AD and FTD is limited.
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Van der Mussele S, Le Bastard N, Saerens J, Somers N, Mariën P, Goeman J, De Deyn PP, Engelborghs S. Agitation-associated behavioral symptoms in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's dementia. Aging Ment Health 2015; 19:247-57. [PMID: 24962058 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2014.924900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of agitation in mild cognitive impairment (MCI, Petersen's criteria) and patients with Alzheimer's dementia (AD), and to characterize the associated behavioral symptoms. METHOD A cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from a prospective, longitudinal study on behavioral symptoms was performed, including 268 MCI and 393 AD patients. Behavioral assessment was performed through Middelheim Frontality Score (MFS), Behavioral Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease Rating Scale (Behave-AD) and Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (CSDD). Agitated behavior was considered to be clinically relevant when one or more items of the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI) occurred at least once a week. RESULTS The prevalence of agitation in AD (76%) was higher than in MCI (60%; p < 0.001). Patients with agitation showed more severe frontal lobe, behavioral and depressive symptoms (MFS, Behave-AD and CSDD total scores). In agitated AD patients, all behavioral symptoms and types of agitation were more severe compared to non-agitated AD patients, but in agitated MCI patients only for diurnal rhythm disturbances. This resulted in more severe Behave-AD global scores in patients with agitation as compared to patients without agitation. Comparing MCI and AD patients, MCI patients with agitation showed more severe behavioral and depressive symptoms than AD patients without agitation. The structure of agitation in AD consisted of more aggressive and physically non-aggressive behavior than in MCI. CONCLUSION Frontal lobe, behavioral and depressive symptoms are more severe in MCI and AD patients with clinically relevant agitation as compared to patients without agitation. However, this association is less pronounced in MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Van der Mussele
- a Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Reference Centre for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Institute Born-Bunge , University of Antwerp (UA) , Antwerp , Belgium
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7
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Van der Mussele S, Bekelaar K, Le Bastard N, Vermeiren Y, Saerens J, Somers N, Mariën P, Goeman J, De Deyn PP, Engelborghs S. Prevalence and associated behavioral symptoms of depression in mild cognitive impairment and dementia due to Alzheimer's disease. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2013; 28:947-58. [PMID: 23255479 DOI: 10.1002/gps.3909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a clinical concept that categorizes subjects who are in an intermediate cognitive state between normal aging and dementia. The aims of this study are to determine the prevalence of significant depressive symptoms in MCI and Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and to characterize the behavior associated with significant depressive symptoms in MCI and AD patients. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from a prospective, longitudinal study on behavioral symptoms of dementia and MCI was performed. The study population consisted of 270 MCI and 402 AD patients. Behavioral assessment was performed by means of Middelheim Frontality Score, Behavioral Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease Rating Scale (Behave-AD) and Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory. The presence of significant depressive symptoms was defined as a Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia total score >7. RESULTS The prevalence of significant depressive symptoms in AD patients (25%) was higher compared with MCI patients (16%) (p = 0.005). Patients with significant depressive symptoms showed an increased severity of frontal lobe symptoms, behavioral symptoms and agitation (Middelheim Frontality Score, Behave-AD and Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory total scores; p < 0.001). Also, most of the individual frontal lobe and behavioral symptoms were more prevalent and severe, resulting in higher Behave-AD global scores. Mild cognitive impairment patients with depressive symptoms showed more severe behavioral symptoms and more severe verbally agitated behavior than AD patients without depressive symptoms (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Frontal lobe and behavioral symptoms are more prevalent and severe in MCI and AD patients with significant depressive symptoms as compared with patients without depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Van der Mussele
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Peavy GM, Salmon DP, Edland SD, Tam S, Hansen LA, Masliah E, Galasko D, Hamilton JM. Neuropsychiatric features of frontal lobe dysfunction in autopsy-confirmed patients with lewy bodies and "pure" Alzheimer disease. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2013; 21:509-19. [PMID: 23567425 PMCID: PMC3664517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2012.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Revised: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare patients with autopsy-confirmed Alzheimer disease (AD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) on the frequency of behaviors related to frontal system dysfunction and the association of these behaviors with dementia severity. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional survey of a longitudinal cohort at a university research center for AD on a volunteer sample of 19 DLB and 38 AD participants with autopsy-confirmed diagnoses, similar in age (DLB: 77.3, AD: 77.5), education (DLB: 15.2, AD: 14.7), and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score (DLB: 20.6, AD: 20.5), with impairment ranging from mild deficits to moderate dementia. The Frontal Systems Behavior Scale (FrSBe)-Family Rating Form assessing patient apathy, disinhibition, and executive dysfunction by a knowledgeable informant was used. RESULTS A two-way analysis of variance with the FrSBe total as the dependent variable revealed a significant MMSE by diagnosis interaction (F(1,53) = 9.34, p = 0.004). Mean FrSBe total for AD patients showed significant impairment across the range of dementia severity, whereas it was relatively preserved for DLB patients in the early stage of disease. The interaction term showed the same pattern for the executive dysfunction (F(1,53) = 7.62, p = 0.008), disinhibition (F(1,53) = 4.90, p = 0.031), and apathy (F(1,53) = 9.77, p = 0.003) subscales. CONCLUSION Although frontal behavioral symptoms in AD patients were present regardless of stage of dementia, DLB patients showed significant frontal dysfunction only in later stages. Results suggest that frontal subcortical circuits associated with behaviors assessed by the FrSBe are affected early in AD but not until later stages in DLB. Assessing specific behaviors related to frontal systems, coupled with stage of cognitive decline, may aid in clinical differentiation of AD and DLB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guerry M. Peavy
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego
| | - David P. Salmon
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego
| | | | - Steven Tam
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine
| | - Lawrence A. Hansen
- Departments of Pathology and Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Departments of Pathology and Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego
| | - Douglas Galasko
- Neurology Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego
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Van der Mussele S, Le Bastard N, Vermeiren Y, Saerens J, Somers N, Mariën P, Goeman J, De Deyn PP, Engelborghs S. Behavioral symptoms in mild cognitive impairment as compared with Alzheimer's disease and healthy older adults. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2013; 28:265-75. [PMID: 22549770 DOI: 10.1002/gps.3820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a clinical concept that categorizes subjects who are in an intermediate cognitive state between normal aging and dementia. The aim of this study is to characterize behavior in MCI compared with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and healthy older patients. DESIGN A cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from a prospective, longitudinal study on behavioral symptoms of dementia and MCI was performed. The study population consisted of 270 MCI, 402 AD patients, and 108 healthy controls. Behavioral assessment was performed by means of Middelheim Frontality Score, Behavioral Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease Rating Scale, Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory, and Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia. RESULTS Moderate-to-severe behavioral symptoms were present in 13% of MCI patients, as compared with 39% in AD patients and 3% in controls (p < 0.001). The general severity of behavioral symptoms was intermediate between controls and AD patients. The three most frequent symptoms in MCI patients were aggressiveness (49%), affective disturbance (45%), and anxiety (38%); in AD patients, the most frequent symptoms were aggressiveness (60%), activity disturbances (54%), and psychosis (40%). The prevalence and severity of frontal lobe symptoms, aggressiveness, activity disturbances, and delusions was intermediate between normal aging and AD. In addition, the severity of physically non-aggressive and verbally agitated behavior and the severity of depressive symptoms were also intermediate. CONCLUSIONS The behavioral profile of MCI patients is characterized as an intermediate state between normal aging and AD for the prevalence and severity of certain behavioral symptoms. Follow-up is ongoing to test the hypothesis that behavioral disturbances in MCI predict progression to dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Van der Mussele
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Coppe S, Orban de Xivry JJ, Yüksel D, Ivanoiu A, Lefèvre P. Dramatic impairment of prediction due to frontal lobe degeneration. J Neurophysiol 2012; 108:2957-66. [PMID: 22956792 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00582.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prediction is essential for motor function in everyday life. For instance, predictive mechanisms improve the perception of a moving target by increasing eye speed anticipatively, thus reducing motion blur on the retina. Subregions of the frontal lobes play a key role in eye movements in general and in smooth pursuit in particular, but their precise function is not firmly established. Here, the role of frontal lobes in the timing of predictive action is demonstrated by studying predictive smooth pursuit during transient blanking of a moving target in mild frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. While control subjects and AD patients predictively reaccelerated their eyes before the predicted time of target reappearance, FTLD patients did not. The difference was so dramatic (classification accuracy >90%) that it could even lead to the definition of a new biomarker. In contrast, anticipatory eye movements triggered by the disappearance of the fixation point were still present before target motion onset in FTLD patients and visually guided pursuit was normal in both patient groups compared with controls. Therefore, FTLD patients were only impaired when the predicted timing of an external event was required to elicit an action. These results argue in favor of a role of the frontal lobes in predictive movement timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Coppe
- ICTEAM, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
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