Liu M, McCurry SM, Belza B, Buchanan DT, Dobra A, Korff MV, Vitiello MV. Effects of Pain, Insomnia, and Depression on Psychoactive Medication Supply in Older Adults With Osteoarthritis.
Med Care 2018;
56:1024-1031. [PMID:
30256279 PMCID:
PMC6380364 DOI:
10.1097/mlr.0000000000000982]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Determinants of prescribing psychoactive medications for symptom management in older adults remain underexamined despite known risks and cautions concerning these medications.
OBJECTIVE
To examine independent and combined effects of pain, concurrent insomnia and depression symptoms on psychoactive medications supplied to older adults with osteoarthritis (OA).
RESEARCH DESIGN
Survey data on pain, insomnia, and depression obtained from OA patients screened for a randomized controlled trial were used to identify predictors of psychoactive medication supply [opioids, sedatives, tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), and non-TCAs] over a 4-year period.
SUBJECTS
Group Health Cooperative patients with a diagnosis of OA (N=2976).
MEASURES
Survey data on pain (Graded Chronic Pain Scale), insomnia (Insomnia Severity Index), and depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-8); and medications supply assessed from electronic medical records.
RESULTS
In negative binomial models, pain [incidence rate ratio (IRR), 2.8-3.5; P<0.001], insomnia (IRR, 2.0; P<0.001), and depression (IRR, 1.5; P<0.05) each independently predicted opioid supply. Insomnia (IRR, 3.2; P<0.001) and depression (IRR, 3.0; P<0.001) each independently predicted sedative supply. Pain (IRR, 2.1; P<0.05) and insomnia (IRR, 2.0; P<0.05) independently predicted TCA supply, whereas only depression (IRR, 2.2; P<0.001) independently predicted non-TCA supply. Combined effects of pain and insomnia/depression on these medications were additive and increased the rate of medication supply 1.5-7.5 times. Combined effects increased with insomnia or depression severity.
CONCLUSIONS
Concurrent insomnia and depressive symptoms predicted increased supply of opioids, sedatives, and antidepressants after accounting for pain, indicating the importance of sleep and mood disorders as factors increasing supply of these medications.
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