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Mao F, Jin C, Wang J, Yang H, Yan X, Li X, Xu X. A one-step base-free synthesis of N-arylamides via modified pivaloyl mixed anhydride mediated amide coupling. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:3825-3828. [PMID: 37083033 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00452j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Pivalic anhydride is shown to be an effective reagent for direct amidation of carboxylic acids with N-alkyl anilines. The only by-product of this reaction is nontoxic pivalic acid, which can be easily removed by aqueous workup. The reactions are conducted under mild conditions and found to be compatible with a range of carboxylic acids, including aromatic, heterocyclic, acrylic, and aliphatic carboxylic acids and amino acids generating the desired amides in short reaction times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Mao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Can Jin
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Jie Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Hui Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Xinhuan Yan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Xiangsheng Xu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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2
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Zhu L, Deng L, Xie Y, Liu L, Ma X, Liu R. Mechanochemistry, Solvent-free and scale-up: Application toward coupling of Acids and Amines to Amides. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2023.100882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
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3
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Lu M, Fan H, Liu Q, Sun X. A Facile Synthetic Method for Anhydride from Carboxylic Acid with the Promotion of Triphenylphosphine Oxide and Oxaloyl Chloride. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:34352-34358. [PMID: 36188305 PMCID: PMC9520564 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A highly efficient synthesis reaction of carboxylic anhydrides catalyzed by triphenylphosphine oxide is described for the quick synthesis of a range of symmetric carboxylic anhydrides and cyclic anhydrides under mild and neutral conditions with a high yield. The system adopts the strong reactive intermediate Ph3PCl2 as the catalyst of carboxylic acid salt; driven by catalytic reaction, the synthesis takes a relatively short time to complete.
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4
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Ren JW, Tong MN, Zhao YF, Ni F. Synthesis of Dipeptide, Amide, and Ester without Racemization by Oxalyl Chloride and Catalytic Triphenylphosphine Oxide. Org Lett 2021; 23:7497-7502. [PMID: 34553596 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An efficient triphenylphosphine oxide-catalyzed amidation and esterification for the rapid synthesis of a series of dipeptides, amides, and esters is described. This reaction is applicable to challenging couplings of hindered carboxylic acids with weakly nucleophilic amines or alcohols, giving the products in good yields (67-90%) without racemization. This system employs the highly reactive intermediate Ph3PCl2 as the activator of the carboxylate in a catalytic manner and drives the reaction to completion in a short reaction time (less than 10 min).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Wei Ren
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P. R. China.,Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P. R. China
| | - Meng-Nan Tong
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Fen Zhao
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P. R. China.,Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P. R. China
| | - Feng Ni
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P. R. China.,Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P. R. China
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5
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Patel KP, Gayakwad EM, Shankarling GS. Graphene Oxide as a Metal‐free Carbocatalyst for Direct Amide Synthesis from Carboxylic Acid and Amine Under Solvent‐Free Reaction Condition. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202000870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khushbu P. Patel
- Department of Dyestuff Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, N. P. Marg, Mat Department of Dyestuff Technology Institute of Chemical Technology, N. P. Marg, Matunga Mumbai 400019 India
| | - Eknath M. Gayakwad
- Department of Dyestuff Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, N. P. Marg, Mat Department of Dyestuff Technology Institute of Chemical Technology, N. P. Marg, Matunga Mumbai 400019 India
| | - Ganapati S. Shankarling
- Department of Dyestuff Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, N. P. Marg, Mat Department of Dyestuff Technology Institute of Chemical Technology, N. P. Marg, Matunga Mumbai 400019 India
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Irving C, Floreancig JT, Laulhé S. Amide Synthesis through the In Situ Generation of Chloro- and Imido-Phosphonium Salts. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:15734-15745. [PMID: 32637849 PMCID: PMC7331200 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We describe a methodology for the amidation of carboxylic acids by generating phosphonium salts in situ from N-chlorophthalimide and triphenylphosphine. Aliphatic, benzylic, and aromatic carboxylic acids can be transformed into their amide counter parts using primary and secondary amines. This functional group interconversion is achieved at room temperature in good to excellent yields. Mechanistic work shows the in situ formation of chloro- and imido-phosphonium salts that react as activating agents for carboxylic acids and generate an acyloxy-phosphonium species.
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7
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Li G, Nykaza TV, Cooper JC, Ramirez A, Luzung MR, Radosevich AT. An Improved P III/P V═O-Catalyzed Reductive C-N Coupling of Nitroaromatics and Boronic Acids by Mechanistic Differentiation of Rate- and Product-Determining Steps. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:6786-6799. [PMID: 32178514 PMCID: PMC7146866 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
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Experimental,
spectroscopic, and computational studies are reported
that provide an evidence-based mechanistic description of an intermolecular
reductive C–N coupling of nitroarenes and arylboronic acids
catalyzed by a redox-active main-group catalyst (1,2,2,3,4,4-hexamethylphosphetane P-oxide, i.e., 1·[O]). The central observations
include the following: (1) catalytic reduction of 1·[O]
to PIII phosphetane 1 is kinetically fast
under conditions of catalysis; (2) phosphetane 1 represents
the catalytic resting state as observed by 31P NMR spectroscopy;
(3) there are no long-lived nitroarene partial-reduction intermediates
observable by 15N NMR spectroscopy; (4) the reaction is
sensitive to solvent dielectric, performing best in moderately polar
solvents (viz. cyclopentylmethyl ether); and (5) the reaction is largely
insensitive with respect to common hydrosilane reductants. On the
basis of the foregoing studies, new modified catalytic conditions
are described that expand the reaction scope and provide for mild
temperatures (T ≥ 60 °C), low catalyst
loadings (≥2 mol%), and innocuous terminal reductants (polymethylhydrosiloxane).
DFT calculations define a two-stage deoxygenation sequence for the
reductive C–N coupling. The initial deoxygenation involves
a rate-determining step that consists of a (3+1) cheletropic addition
between the nitroarene substrate and phosphetane 1; energy
decomposition techniques highlight the biphilic character of the phosphetane
in this step. Although kinetically invisible, the second deoxygenation
stage is implicated as the critical C–N product-forming event,
in which a postulated oxazaphosphirane intermediate is diverted from
arylnitrene dissociation toward heterolytic ring opening with the
arylboronic acid; the resulting dipolar intermediate evolves by antiperiplanar
1,2-migration of the organoboron residue to nitrogen, resulting in
displacement of 1·[O] and formation of the target
C–N coupling product upon in situ hydrolysis.
The method thus described constitutes a mechanistically well-defined
and operationally robust main-group complement to the current workhorse
transition-metal-based methods for catalytic intermolecular C–N
coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Li
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Trevor V Nykaza
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Julian C Cooper
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Antonio Ramirez
- Chemical and Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Michael R Luzung
- Chemical and Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Alexander T Radosevich
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Lecomte M, Lipshultz JM, Kim-Lee SH, Li G, Radosevich AT. Driving Recursive Dehydration by P III/P V Catalysis: Annulation of Amines and Carboxylic Acids by Sequential C-N and C-C Bond Formation. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:12507-12512. [PMID: 31345031 PMCID: PMC6693942 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b06277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
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A method
for the annulation of amines and carboxylic acids to form
pharmaceutically relevant azaheterocycles via organophosphorus PIII/PV redox catalysis is reported. The method employs
a phosphetane catalyst together with a mild bromenium oxidant and
terminal hydrosilane reductant to drive successive C–N and
C–C bond-forming dehydration events via the serial action of
a catalytic bromophosphonium intermediate. These results demonstrate
the capacity of PIII/PV redox catalysis to enable
iterative redox-neutral transformations in complement to the common
reductive driving force of the PIII/PV couple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Lecomte
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 02139 Cambridge , Massachusetts , United States
| | - Jeffrey M Lipshultz
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 02139 Cambridge , Massachusetts , United States
| | - Shin-Ho Kim-Lee
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 02139 Cambridge , Massachusetts , United States.,Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - Gen Li
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 02139 Cambridge , Massachusetts , United States
| | - Alexander T Radosevich
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 02139 Cambridge , Massachusetts , United States
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9
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Mohammadkhani L, Heravi MM. Oxalyl Chloride: A Versatile Reagent in Organic Transformations. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201900120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Mohammadkhani
- Department of Chemistry, School of SciencesAlzahra University Vanak, Tehran Iran
| | - Majid M. Heravi
- Department of Chemistry, School of SciencesAlzahra University Vanak, Tehran Iran
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Jia L, Miao C, Dong F, Li W, Wang M, Zheng QH, Xu Z. Facile synthesis of carbon-11-labeled sEH/PDE4 dual inhibitors as new potential PET agents for imaging of sEH/PDE4 enzymes in neuroinflammation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:1654-1659. [PMID: 31047754 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
To develop PET tracers for imaging of neuroinflammation, new carbon-11-labeled sEH/PDE4 dual inhibitors have been synthesized. The reference standard N-(4-methoxy-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl)benzamide (1) and its corresponding desmethylated precursor N-(4-hydroxy-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl)benzamide (2) were synthesized from (4-methoxy-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)methanamine and benzoic acid in one and two steps with 84% and 49% overall chemical yield, respectively. The standard N-(4-methoxy-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl)-1-propionylpiperidine-4-carboxamide (MPPA, 4) and its precursor N-(4-hydroxy-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl)-1-propionylpiperidine-4-carboxamide (5) were synthesized from methyl 4-piperidinecarboxylate, propionyl chloride and (4-methoxy-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)methanamine in two and three steps with 62% and 34% overall chemical yield, respectively. The target tracers N-(4-[11C]methoxy-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl)benzamide ([11C]1) and N-(4-[11C]methoxy-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl)-1-propionylpiperidine-4-carboxamide ([11C]MPPA, [11C]4) were prepared from their corresponding precursors 2 and 5 with [11C]CH3OTf through O-[11C]methylation and isolated by HPLC combined with SPE in 25-35% radiochemical yield, based on [11C]CO2 and decay corrected to end of bombardment (EOB). The radiochemical purity was >99%, and the molar activity (AM) at EOB was 370-740 GBq/μmol with a total synthesis time of 35-40-minutes from EOB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limeng Jia
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China
| | - Caihong Miao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China
| | - Fugui Dong
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1345 West 16(th) Street, Room 202, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Qi-Huang Zheng
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1345 West 16(th) Street, Room 202, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Zhidong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China; College of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Medicine of Hebei Province, Hebei University of Science & Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050018, China; Shijiazhuang Vince Pharmatech Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050030, China.
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Patel KP, Gayakwad EM, Patil VV, Shankarling GS. Graphene Oxide: A Metal‐Free Carbocatalyst for the Synthesis of Diverse Amides under Solvent‐Free Conditions. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201801673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khushbu P. Patel
- Department of Dyestuff TechnologyInstitute of Chemical Technology, N. P. Marg, Matunga, Mumbai – 400019 India
| | - Eknath M. Gayakwad
- Department of Dyestuff TechnologyInstitute of Chemical Technology, N. P. Marg, Matunga, Mumbai – 400019 India
| | - Vilas V. Patil
- Department of Dyestuff TechnologyInstitute of Chemical Technology, N. P. Marg, Matunga, Mumbai – 400019 India
| | - Ganapati S. Shankarling
- Department of Dyestuff TechnologyInstitute of Chemical Technology, N. P. Marg, Matunga, Mumbai – 400019 India
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12
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Recent Advances in Homogeneous Metal-Catalyzed Aerobic C–H Oxidation of Benzylic Compounds. Catalysts 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/catal8120640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Csp3–H oxidation of benzylic methylene compounds is an established strategy for the synthesis of aromatic ketones, esters, and amides. The need for more sustainable oxidizers has encouraged researchers to explore the use of molecular oxygen. In particular, homogeneous metal-catalyzed aerobic oxidation of benzylic methylenes has attracted much attention. This account summarizes the development of this oxidative strategy in the last two decades, examining key factors such as reaction yields, substrate:catalyst ratio, substrate scope, selectivity over other oxidation byproducts, and reaction conditions including solvents and temperature. Finally, several mechanistic proposals to explain the observed results will be discussed.
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Jia M, Jiang L, Niu F, Zhang Y, Sun X. A novel and highly efficient esterification process using triphenylphosphine oxide with oxalyl chloride. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:171988. [PMID: 29515897 PMCID: PMC5830786 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.171988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Triphenylphosphine oxide (TPPO) and oxalyl chloride ((COCl)2) are used as novel and high-efficiency coupling reagents for the esterification of alcohols with carboxylic acids via the TPPO/(COCl)2 system at room temperature for 1 h. The reaction represents the first TPPO-promoted esterification under mild and neutral conditions with excellent yields. Furthermore, we proposed a plausible mechanism with the help of 31P NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xiaoling Sun
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 201418, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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14
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Synthesis and structural characterization of a highly substituted triazine ring comprising a sterically flexible methylene linker and coordinating substituents. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.05.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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