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Chen P, Duan Y, Lu X, Chen L, Zhang W, Wang H, Hu R, Liu S. RB1CC1 functions as a tumor-suppressing gene in renal cell carcinoma via suppression of PYK2 activity and disruption of TAZ-mediated PDL1 transcription activation. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 70:3261-3275. [PMID: 33837850 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-021-02913-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Rb1-inducible coiled-coil 1 (RB1CC1) has been demonstrated to function as an inhibitor of proline-rich/Ca-activated tyrosine kinase 2 (PYK2) by binding to the kinase domain of PYK2, which promotes the proliferation, invasion, and migration of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells. Additionally, in breast cancer, PYK2 positively regulates the expression of transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) which in turn can enhance PDL1 levels in breast and lung cancer cells. The current study was performed to decipher the impact of RB1CC1 in the progression of RCC via regulation of the PYK2/TAZ/PDL1 signaling axis. Expression of RB1CC1 and PYK2 was quantified in clinical tissue samples from RCC patients. The relationship between TAZ and PYK2, TAZ and PDL1 was then validated. The cellular processes of doxorubicin (DOX)-induced human RCC cell lines including the abilities of proliferation, colony formation, sphere formation and apoptosis, as well as the tumorigenicity of transfected cells, were evaluated after the alteration of RB1CC1 expression. RB1CC1 exhibited decreased expression in RCC tissues and was positively correlated with patient survival. RB1CC1 could inhibit the activity of PYK2, which in turn stimulated the stability of TAZ protein by phosphorylating TAZ. Meanwhile, TAZ protein activated PDL1 transcription by binding to the promoter region of PDL1. RB1CC1 overexpression or PYK2 knockdown could help everolimus (EVE) to inhibit tumor proliferation and activate immune response. Taken together, RB1CC1 can potentially augment the response of RCC cells to immunotherapy by suppressing the PYK2/TAZ/PDL1 signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingfeng Chen
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, No. 69, Chuanshan Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Youjun Duan
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, No. 69, Chuanshan Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinsheng Lu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, No. 69, Chuanshan Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Libo Chen
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, No. 69, Chuanshan Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Zhang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, No. 69, Chuanshan Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, No. 69, Chuanshan Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Hu
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, No. 69, Chuanshan Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shimin Liu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, No. 69, Chuanshan Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.
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Kerins MJ, Liu P, Tian W, Mannheim W, Zhang DD, Ooi A. Genome-Wide CRISPR Screen Reveals Autophagy Disruption as the Convergence Mechanism That Regulates the NRF2 Transcription Factor. Mol Cell Biol 2019; 39:e00037-19. [PMID: 31010806 PMCID: PMC6580702 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00037-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear factor (erythroid 2)-like 2 (NRF2 or NFE2L2) transcription factor regulates the expression of many genes that are critical in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Its deregulation has been implicated in many diseases, including cancer and metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. While several mechanisms by which NRF2 can be activated have gradually been identified over time, a more complete regulatory network of NRF2 is still lacking. Here we show through a genome-wide clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) screen that a total of 273 genes, when knocked out, will lead to sustained NRF2 activation. Pathway analysis revealed a significant overrepresentation of genes (18 of the 273 genes) involved in autophagy. Molecular validation of a subset of the enriched genes identified 8 high-confidence genes that negatively regulate NRF2 activity irrespective of cell type: ATG12, ATG7, GOSR1, IFT172, NRXN2, RAB6A, VPS37A, and the well-known negative regulator of NRF2, KEAP1 Of these, ATG12, ATG7, KEAP1, and VPS37A are known to be involved in autophagic processes. Our results present a comprehensive list of NRF2 negative regulators and reveal an intimate link between autophagy and NRF2 regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Kerins
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Wang Tian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - William Mannheim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Donna D Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Aikseng Ooi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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Randhawa R, Sehgal M, Singh TR, Duseja A, Changotra H. Unc-51 like kinase 1 (ULK1) in silico analysis for biomarker identification: a vital component of autophagy. Gene 2015; 562:40-9. [PMID: 25701603 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a degradation pathway involving lysosomal machinery for degradation of damaged organelles like the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria into their building blocks to maintain homeostasis within the cell. ULK1, a serine/threonine kinase, is conserved across species, from yeasts to mammals, and plays a central role in autophagy pathway. It receives signals from upstream modulators such as TIP60, mTOR and AMPK and relays them to its downstream substrates like Ambra1 and ZIP kinase. The activity of this complex is regulated through protein-protein interactions and post-translational modifications. Applying in silico analysis we identified (i) conserved patterns of ULK1 that showed its evolutionary relationship between the species which were closely related in a family compared to others. (ii) A total of 23 TFBS distributed throughout ULK1 and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived) 2 (NFE2) is of utmost significance because of its high importance rate. NEF2 has already been shown experimentally to play a role in the autophagy pathway. Most of these were of zinc coordinating class and we suggest that this information could be utilized to modulate this pathway by modifying interactions of these TFs with ULK1. (iii) CATTT haplotype was prominently found with frequency 0.774 in the studied population and nsSNPs which could have harmful effect on ULK1 protein and these could further be tested. (iv) A total of 83 phosphorylation sites were identified; 26 are already known and 57 are new that include one at tyrosine residue which could further be studied for its involvement in ULK1 regulation and hence autophagy. Furthermore, 4 palmitoylation sites at positions 426, 927, 1003 and 1049 were also found which could further be studied for protein-protein interactions as well as in trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Randhawa
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan 1732 34 Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Manika Sehgal
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan 1732 34 Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Tiratha Raj Singh
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan 1732 34 Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ajay Duseja
- Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160 012, India
| | - Harish Changotra
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan 1732 34 Himachal Pradesh, India.
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Wang L, Yao L, Zheng YZ, Xu Q, Liu XP, Hu X, Wang P, Shao ZM. Expression of autophagy-related proteins ATG5 and FIP200 predicts favorable disease-free survival in patients with breast cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 458:816-22. [PMID: 25689718 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a self-digesting process that is primarily responsible for the removal and recycling of long-lived proteins and damaged organelles to maintain the homeostasis of the cell. Recent studies have indicated dual roles for autophagy in cancer: suppression of tumor progression and promotion of survival. In this study, we sought to investigate the prognostic value of two autophagy-related proteins, autophagy-related gene 5 (ATG5) and FAK family kinase-interacting protein of 200 kDa (FIP200), in patients with operable breast cancer. More specifically, the expression of ATG5 and FIP200 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in surgical specimens collected from 200 patients who were diagnosed with histologically proven invasive ductal breast cancer. A stepwise Cox multivariate analysis was then performed to construct a risk prediction model. In this retrospective cohort study, both ATG5 (HR = 0.465, 95% CI 0.247-0.872, P = 0.017) and FIP200 (HR = 0.521, 95% CI 0.278-0.979, P = 0.043) correlated with prolonged disease-free survival (DFS). In a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, the addition of ATG5 and FIP200 expression led to a significantly improved area under the time-dependent ROC curve (AUC) at 3 years (0.748 versus 0.680, P < 0.001) and 5 years (0.756 versus 0.699, P < 0.001). Collectively, our findings established the prognostic significance of ATG5 and FIP200 in patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Yao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Zi Zheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Xu
- Department of Finance and Control Sciences, School of Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiu-Ping Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Hu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhi-Ming Shao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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O’Connor R, Mitchell DA, Brennan PA. Focused review of investigation, management and outcomes of salivary gland disease in specialty-specific journals. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2014; 52:483-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2014.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Li X, Wan X, Chen H, Yang S, Liu Y, Mo W, Meng D, Du W, Huang Y, Wu H, Wang J, Li T, Li Y. Identification of miR-133b and RB1CC1 as independent predictors for biochemical recurrence and potential therapeutic targets for prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:2312-25. [PMID: 24610824 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-1588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the contribution of microRNA-133b (miR-133b) in prostate cancer cell proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis. We also examined expression of miR-133b in prostate cancer tissues, and evaluated the prognostic significance of miR-133b, as well as its target gene RB1CC1 in patients with prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN miR-133b mimics (miR-133bm) and anti-miR-133b were transfected into LNCaP and PC-3 cells. CCK-8 was used to look at cell proliferation, flow cytometric analysis was carried out to study cell cycle, and apoptosis was determined by caspase-3 activity. miR-133b expression was assessed by real-time reverse transcription PCR and in situ hybridization in prostatic cell lines and 178 prostate tissue samples, respectively. The protein level of RB1CC1 was examined by Western blot and immunohistochemistry in prostatic cell lines and prostate tissue samples, respectively. RESULTS Overexpression of miR-133b in LNCaP cells boosted cell proliferation and cell-cycle progression, but inhibited apoptosis; in contrast, miR-133bm promoted cell apoptosis, but suppressed cell proliferation and cell-cycle progression in PC-3 cells. In LNCaP cells, silencing of RB1CC1, a target of miR-133b, inhibited cell apoptosis, and promoted cell-cycle progression. Moreover, miR-133b expression was significantly inversely correlated with RB1CC1 expression in prostate cancer tissues. Multivariate Cox analysis indicated that miR-133b and RB1CC1 might be two independent prognostic factors of biochemical recurrence. CONCLUSIONS miR-133b might enhance tumor-promoting properties in less aggressive LNCaP cells, whereas this miR may act as a tumor suppressor in more aggressive PC-3 cells. miR-133b and RB1CC1 were independent prognostic indicators for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- Authors' Affiliations: State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University; Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai; and Department of Urology, Hefei First People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
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8
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Nagao T, Sato E, Inoue R, Oshiro H, H. Takahashi R, Nagai T, Yoshida M, Suzuki F, Obikane H, Yamashina M, Matsubayashi J. Immunohistochemical analysis of salivary gland tumors: application for surgical pathology practice. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2012; 45:269-82. [PMID: 23209336 PMCID: PMC3496863 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.12019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland tumors are relatively uncommon and there exists a considerable diagnostic difficulty owing to their diverse histological features in individual lesions and the presence of a number of types and variants, in addition to overlapping histological patterns similar to those observed in different tumor entities. The classification is complex, but is closely relevant to the prognostic and therapeutic aspects. Although hematoxylin-eosin staining is still the gold standard method used for the diagnosis, immunohistochemistry (IHC) can enhance the accuracy and be a helpful tool when in cases to investigate the subjects that cannot be assessed by histological examination, such as the cell nature and differentiation status, cell proliferation, and tumor protein expression. This review depicts on the practical diagnostic utility of IHC in salivary gland tumor pathology under the following issues: assessment of cell differentiation, focusing on neoplastic myoepithelial cells; discrimination of histologically mimic tumor groups; diagnosis of specific tumor types, e.g., pleomorphic adenoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, and salivary duct carcinoma; and evaluation of malignancy and prognostic factors. IHC plays a limited, even though important, role in the diagnosis of salivary gland tumors, but is often useful to support the histological assessment. However, unfortunately few tumor type-specific markers are still currently available. For these reasons, IHC should be considered a method that can be used to assist the final diagnosis, and its results themselves do not directly indicate a definitive diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshitaka Nagao
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University
| | - Eiichi Sato
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University
| | - Rie Inoue
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University
| | - Hisashi Oshiro
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University
| | - Reisuke H. Takahashi
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University
| | - Takeshi Nagai
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University
| | - Maki Yoshida
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University
| | - Fumie Suzuki
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University
| | - Hiyo Obikane
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University
| | - Mitsumasa Yamashina
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University
| | - Jun Matsubayashi
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University
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Hama Y, Chano T, Inui T, Matsumoto K, Okabe H. Preparation of mouse monoclonal antibody for RB1CC1 and its clinical application. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32052. [PMID: 22396748 PMCID: PMC3291565 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
RB1-inducible coiled-coil 1 (RB1CC1; also known as FIP200) plays important roles in several biological pathways such as cell proliferation and autophagy. Evaluation of RB1CC1 expression can provide useful clinical information on various cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. In order to realize the clinical applications, it is necessary to establish a stable supply of antibody and reproducible procedures for the laboratory examinations. In the present study, we have generated mouse monoclonal antibodies for RB1CC1, and four kinds of antibodies (N1-8, N1-216, N3-2, and N3-42) were found to be optimal for clinical applications such as ELISA and immunoblots and work as well as the pre-existing polyclonal antibodies. N1-8 monoclonal antibody provided the best recognition of RB1CC1 in the clinico-pathological examination of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. These monoclonal antibodies will help to generate new opportunities in scientific examinations in biology and clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Hama
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Tokuhiro Chano
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Takuma Inui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | | | - Hidetoshi Okabe
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
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