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Identification of germline cancer predisposition variants in pediatric sarcoma patients from somatic tumor testing. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2959. [PMID: 36805510 PMCID: PMC9941115 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29982-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic predisposition is an important risk factor for cancer in children and adolescents but detailed associations of individual genetic mutations to childhood cancer are still under intense investigation. Among pediatric cancers, sarcomas can arise in the setting of cancer predisposition syndromes. The association of sarcomas with these syndromes is often missed, due to the rarity and heterogeneity of sarcomas and the limited search of cancer genetic syndromes. This study included 43 pediatric and young adult patients with different sarcoma subtypes. Tumor profiling was undertaken using the Oncomine Childhood Cancer Research Assay (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Sequencing results were reviewed for potential germline alterations in clinically relevant genes associated with cancer predisposition syndromes. Jongmans´ criteria were taken into consideration for the patient selection. Fifteen patients were selected as having potential pathogenic germline variants due to tumor sequencing that identified variants in the following genes: CDKN2A, NF1, NF2, RB1, SMARCA4, SMARCB1 and TP53. The variants found in NF1 and CDKN2A in two different patients were detected in the germline, confirming the diagnosis of a cancer predisposition syndrome. We have shown that the results of somatic testing can be used to identify those at risk of an underlying cancer predisposition syndrome.
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2
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Drbohlavová T, Argalácsová S, Soukupová J, Vočka M. Germline Pathogenic Variants in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck. Folia Biol (Praha) 2023; 69:107-115. [PMID: 38410968 DOI: 10.14712/fb2023069040107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) presents a significant global health problem with variable geographic distribution and risk factors, including tobacco and alcohol abuse, human papillomavirus infections, and genetic predisposition. While the majority of cases are sporadic, several well-defined hereditary syndromes have been associated with a higher risk of developing HNSCC including Li-Fraumeni syndrome, Fanconi anaemia, Bloom syndrome, familial atypical multiple mole melanoma, and dyskeratosis congenita. There is also evidence of familial clusters of HNSCC, suggesting a genetic component in the development of the disease. Germ-line genetic testing in HNSCC using next-generation sequencing has revealed a wide range of germline variants, some of which were not anticipated based on standard guidelines. These variants may influence treatment decisions and have the potential to be targeted with precision medicine in the future. Despite these advances, routine germline genetic testing for HNSCC is not currently recommended and remains reserved for HNSCC cases with early onset or strong family cancer history. However, the increasing availability of germline genetic testing warrants development of more comprehensive and standardized testing protocols. Germline genetic testing also has the potential to influence precision-guided treatment in HNSCC patients carrying germline pathogenic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Drbohlavová
- Institute of Radiation Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Bulovka University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Soňa Argalácsová
- Department of Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Soukupová
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Vočka
- Department of Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
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3
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Gołąbek K, Rączka G, Gaździcka J, Miśkiewicz-Orczyk K, Zięba N, Krakowczyk Ł, Misiołek M, Strzelczyk JK. Expression Profiles of CDKN2A, MDM2, E2F2 and LTF Genes in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123011. [PMID: 36551770 PMCID: PMC9775533 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most commonly detected neoplasms worldwide. Not all mechanisms associated with cell cycle disturbances are known in OSCC. Examples of genes involved in the control of the cell cycle are CDKN2A, MDM2, E2F2 and LTF. The aim of this study was to examine the possible association between CDKN2A, MDM2, E2F2 and LTF mRNA expression and influence on clinical variables. METHODS The study group consisted of 88 Polish patients. The gene expression levels were assessed by quantitative reverse transcription PCR. RESULTS We found no statistically significant differences in the expression level of CDKN2A, MDM2, E2F2 and LTF genes in tumour samples compared to margin samples. No association was found between the gene expression levels and clinical parameters, except E2F2. The patients with G2 tumours had a significantly higher gene expression level of E2F2 than patients with low-grade G1 tumours. CONCLUSIONS We have not demonstrated that a change in expression profiles of genes has a significant impact on the pathogenesis of OSCC. It may also be useful to conduct further studies on the use of E2F2 expression profile changes as a factor to describe the invasiveness and dynamics of OSCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Gołąbek
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 19 Jordana Str., 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Grzegorz Rączka
- Department of Forest Management Planning, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 71 C Wojska Polskiego Str., 60-625 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Gaździcka
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 19 Jordana Str., 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Miśkiewicz-Orczyk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Oncological Laryngology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 10 C Skłodowskiej Str., 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Natalia Zięba
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Oncological Laryngology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 10 C Skłodowskiej Str., 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Łukasz Krakowczyk
- Clinic of Oncological and Reconstructive Surgery, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 15 Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej Str., 44-102 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Maciej Misiołek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Oncological Laryngology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 10 C Skłodowskiej Str., 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Joanna Katarzyna Strzelczyk
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 19 Jordana Str., 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
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4
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Rare presentations can suggest more than one rare condition: Striking personal and family cancer history in a patient with both CDKN2A and BRCA1 pathogenic variants. JAAD Case Rep 2022; 31:42-45. [PMID: 36505034 PMCID: PMC9731975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2022.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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5
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Jeong AR, Forbes K, Orosco RK, Cohen EEW. Hereditary oral squamous cell carcinoma associated with CDKN2A germline mutation: a case report. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2022; 51:5. [PMID: 35123577 PMCID: PMC8818223 DOI: 10.1186/s40463-022-00556-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Germline CDKN2A mutations are a well-known cause of familial atypical multiple mole melanoma (OMIM #155601) and melanoma-pancreatic cancer syndrome (OMIM #606719). Increased risk of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), particularly oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in those with germline CDKN2A mutations, has been described. However, screening for HNSCC is not a routine practice in patients with CDKN2A germline mutations and these mutations are not a conventional test for HNSCC patients without obvious risk factors. CASE PRESENTATION We describe a female with no smoking history who developed oral squamous cell carcinoma at age 39 and had a complex clinical course of recurrent multifocal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and carcinoma in situ of the oral cavity and oropharynx. Detailed family history demonstrated that her mother was diagnosed with OSCC and melanoma in her 40 s, and her maternal grandfather was diagnosed with metastatic melanoma in his 40 s. Genetic testing of the patient and her mother revealed CDKN2A c.301G>T mutation. She was referred to genetic counseling as well as to dermatology, gastroenterology, and neurology for cancer surveillance. She was treated with resections and has no evidence of disease 3 years after diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS We report a family with a CDKN2A c.301 G>T mutation who also have significant history of OSCC, adding to the growing body of literature suggesting increased risk of HNSCC, particularly OSCC, in CDKN2A germline mutation carriers. It is important to consider CDKN2A mutation testing in familial HNSCC and young patients without obvious risk factors. Moreover, surveillance for HNSCC should be routine practice in those with a CDKN2A germline mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ah-Reum Jeong
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0960, USA
| | - Kimberly Forbes
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0960, USA
| | - Ryan K Orosco
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.,Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Ezra E W Cohen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0960, USA. .,Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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Pachuau L, Zami Z, Nunga T, Zodingliana R, Zoramthari R, Lalnuntluanga R, Sangi Z, Rinmawii L, Kumar NS, Lalhruaitluanga H. First-degree family history of cancer can be a potential risk factor among head and neck cancer patients in an isolated Mizo tribal population, northeast India. CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GLOBAL HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2021.100954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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7
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Germline variants in DNA repair genes are associated with young-onset head and neck cancer. Oral Oncol 2021; 122:105545. [PMID: 34598035 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2021.105545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The genetic predisposition to head and neck carcinomas (HNSCC) and how the known risk factors (papillomavirus infection, alcohol, and tobacco consumption) contribute to the early-onset disease are barely explored. Although HNSCC at early onset is rare, its frequency is increasing in recent years. Germline and somatic variants were assessed to build a comprehensive genetic influence pattern in HNSCC predisposition and patient outcome. Whole-exome sequencing was performed in 45 oral and oropharynx carcinomas paired with normal samples of young adults (≤49 years). We found FANCG, CDKN2A, and TPP germline variants previously associated with HNSCC risk. At least one germline variant in DNA repair pathway genes was detected in 67% of cases. Germline and somatic variants (including copy number variations) in FAT1 gene were identified in 9 patients (20%) and 12 tumors (30%), respectively. Somatic variants were found in HNSCC associated genes, such as TP53, CDKN2A, and PIK3CA. To date, 55 of 521 cases from the large cohort of TCGA presented < 49 years old. A comparison between the somatic alterations of TCGA-HNSCC at early onset and our dataset revealed strong similarities. Protein-protein interaction analysis between somatic and germline altered genes revealed a central role of TP53. Altogether, germline alterations in DNA repair genes potentially contribute to an increased risk of developing HNSCC at early-onset, while FAT1 could impact the prognosis.
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8
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Wang S, Li T, Liu H, Wei W, Yang Y, Wang C, Li B, Han Z, Feng Z. A Combined Prediction Model for Lymph Node Metastasis Based on a Molecular Panel and Clinicopathological Factors in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:660615. [PMID: 33968767 PMCID: PMC8100439 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.660615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Lymph node metastasis is the most important factor influencing the prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients. However, there is no proper method for predicting lymph node metastasis. This study aimed to construct and validate a preoperative prediction model for lymph node metastasis and guide personalized neck management based on the gene expression profile and clinicopathological parameters of OSCC. Methods Based on a previous study of related genes in OSCC, the mRNA expression of candidate genes was evaluated by real-time PCR in OSCC specimens. In this retrospective study, the gene expression profile and clinicopathological parameters of 112 OSCC patients were combined to construct the best prediction model for lymph node metastasis of OSCC. The model was validated with 95 OSCC samples in this study. Logistic regression analysis was used. The area under the curve (AUC) ultimately determined the diagnostic value of the prediction model. Results The two genes CDKN2A + PLAU were closely related to lymph node metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma. The model with the combination of CDKN2A, PLAU, T stage and pathological grade was the best in predicting lymph node metastasis (AUC = 0.807, 95% CI: 0.713-0.881, P=0.0001). The prediction model had a specificity of 96% and sensitivity of 72.73% for stage T1 and T2 OSCC (AUC = 0.855, 95% CI: 0.697-0.949, P=0.0001). Conclusions High expression of CDKN2A and PLAU was associated with lymph node metastasis in OSCC. The prediction model including CDKN2A, PLAU, T stage and pathological grade can be used as the best diagnostic model for lymph node metastasis in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Tiancheng Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Clinical Epidemiology and EBM Unit, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chong Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengxue Han
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhien Feng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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9
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Chan SH, Chiang J, Ngeow J. CDKN2A germline alterations and the relevance of genotype-phenotype associations in cancer predisposition. Hered Cancer Clin Pract 2021; 19:21. [PMID: 33766116 PMCID: PMC7992806 DOI: 10.1186/s13053-021-00178-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although CDKN2A is well-known as a susceptibility gene for melanoma and pancreatic cancer, germline variants have also been anecdotally associated with a broader range of neoplasms including neural system tumors, head and neck squamous cell carcinomas, breast carcinomas, as well as sarcomas. The CDKN2A gene encodes for two distinct tumor suppressor proteins, p16INK4A and p14ARF, however, the independent association of germline alterations affecting these two proteins with cancer is under-appreciated. Here, we reviewed CDKN2A germline alterations reported among individuals and families with cancer in the literature, specifically addressing the cancer phenotypes in relation to the molecular consequence on p16INK4A and p14ARF. While melanoma is observed to associate with variants affecting both p16INK4A and p14ARF transcripts, it is noted that variants affecting p14ARF are more frequently observed with a heterogenous range of cancers. Finally, we reflected on the implications of this inferred genotype-phenotype association in clinical practice and proposed that clinical management of CDKN2A germline variant carriers should involve dedicated cancer genetics services, with multidisciplinary input from various healthcare professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sock Hoai Chan
- Cancer Genetics Service, Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Jianbang Chiang
- Cancer Genetics Service, Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Joanne Ngeow
- Cancer Genetics Service, Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, 169610, Singapore.
- Oncology Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, 308232, Singapore.
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10
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Zhang WL, Zhu ZL, Huang MC, Tang YJ, Tang YL, Liang XH. Susceptibility of Multiple Primary Cancers in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer: Nature or Nurture? Front Oncol 2019; 9:1275. [PMID: 31824853 PMCID: PMC6882292 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple primary cancers (MPCs) are major obstacles to long-term survival in head and neck cancer (HNSCC), however, the molecular mechanism underlying multiple carcinogenesis remains unclear. “Field cancerization” is a classical theory to elaborate the malignant progression of MPCs. Apart from environmental and immune factors, genetic factors may have great potential as molecular markers for MPCs risk prediction. This review focuses on inherited and acquired gene mutations in MPCs, including germ-line mutation, single-nucleotide polymorphism, chromosomal instability, microsatellite instability and DNA methylation. And definition and prognosis of MPCs have also been discussed. These may pave the way for the early detection, prevention and effective treatment of MPCs in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Long Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhuo-Li Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mei-Chang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya-Jie Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ya-Ling Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin-Hua Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Potjer TP, Helgadottir H, Leenheer M, van der Stoep N, Gruis NA, Höiom V, Olsson H, van Doorn R, Vasen HFA, van Asperen CJ, Dekkers OM, Hes FJ. CM-Score: a validated scoring system to predict CDKN2A germline mutations in melanoma families from Northern Europe. J Med Genet 2018; 55:661-668. [PMID: 29661971 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2017-105205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several factors have been reported that influence the probability of a germline CDKN2A mutation in a melanoma family. Our goal was to create a scoring system to estimate this probability, based on a set of clinical features present in the patient and his or her family. METHODS Five clinical features and their association with CDKN2A mutations were investigated in a training cohort of 1227 Dutch melanoma families (13.7% with CDKN2A mutation) using multivariate logistic regression. Predefined features included number of family members with melanoma and with multiple primary melanomas, median age at diagnosis and presence of pancreatic cancer or upper airway cancer in a family member. Based on these five features, a scoring system (CDKN2A Mutation(CM)-Score) was developed and subsequently validated in a combined Swedish and Dutch familial melanoma cohort (n=421 families; 9.0% with CDKN2A mutation). RESULTS All five features were significantly associated (p<0.05) with a CDKN2A mutation. At a CM-Score of 16 out of 49 possible points, the threshold of 10% mutation probability is approximated (9.9%; 95% CI 9.8 to 10.1). This probability further increased to >90% for families with ≥36 points. A CM-Score under 16 points was associated with a low mutation probability (≤4%). CM-Score performed well in both the training cohort (area under the curve (AUC) 0.89; 95% CI 0.86 to 0.92) and the external validation cohort (AUC 0.94; 95% CI 0.90 to 0.98). CONCLUSION We developed a practical scoring system to predict CDKN2A mutation status among melanoma-prone families. We suggest that CDKN2A analysis should be recommended to families with a CM-Score of ≥16 points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Potjer
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hildur Helgadottir
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mirjam Leenheer
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nienke van der Stoep
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nelleke A Gruis
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Veronica Höiom
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Håkan Olsson
- Department of Oncology, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Remco van Doorn
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hans F A Vasen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Christi J van Asperen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Olaf M Dekkers
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Frederik J Hes
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
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12
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Gingerich MA, Smith JD, Michmerhuizen NL, Ludwig M, Devenport S, Matovina C, Brenner C, Chinn SB. Comprehensive review of genetic factors contributing to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma development in low-risk, nontraditional patients. Head Neck 2018; 40:943-954. [PMID: 29427520 DOI: 10.1002/hed.25057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The past 2 decades have seen an increased incidence of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in a nontraditional, low-risk patient population (ie, ≤45 years of age, no substance use history), owing to a combination of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and individual genetic variation. METHODS Articles positing genetic variants as contributing factors in HNSCC incidence in low-risk, nontraditional patients were identified using a PubMed search, reviewed in detail, and concisely summarized herein. RESULTS Recent data suggest that common polymorphisms in DNA repair enzymes, cell-cycle control proteins, apoptotic pathway members, and Fanconi anemia-associated genes likely modulate susceptibility to HNSCC development in low-risk, nontraditional patients. CONCLUSION At present, there is a lack of robust, comprehensive data on genetic drivers of oncogenesis in low-risk patients and a clear need for further research on genetic alterations underlying the rising incidence of HNSCC in low-risk, nontraditional patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan A Gingerich
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Joshua D Smith
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Nicole L Michmerhuizen
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Megan Ludwig
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Samantha Devenport
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Chloe Matovina
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Chad Brenner
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Steven B Chinn
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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13
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Ribeiro IP, Marques F, Barroso L, Miguéis J, Caramelo F, Santos A, Julião MJ, Melo JB, Carreira IM. Genetic and epigenetic characterization of the tumors in a patient with a tongue primary tumor, a recurrence and a pharyngoesophageal second primary tumor. Mol Cytogenet 2017; 10:13. [PMID: 28413448 PMCID: PMC5387319 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-017-0310-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The choice of therapeutic modality for oral carcinoma in recurrent or second primary tumors remains controversial, as the treatment modalities available might be reduced by the treatment of the first tumor, and the overall survival is lower when compared with patients with a single or first tumor. Identifying biomarkers that predict the risk of relapse and the response to treatment is an emerging clinical issue. Case presentation A Caucasian 49-years-old man was treated with chemotherapy followed by chemoradiotherapy for a primary left side tongue tumor, achieving a complete response. After 49-months of follow-up, a local recurrence was diagnosed. After 3 months, a second primary tumor at the pharyngoesophageal region was detected. Genomic and epigenetic characterization of these three tumors was performed using array Comparative Genomic Hybridization, Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) and Methylation Specific MLPA. Results The three tumors of this patient shared several imbalances in all chromosomes excluding chromosomes 9, 20 and 22, where genes related to important functional mechanisms of tumorigenesis are mapped. The shared genomic imbalances, such as losses at 1p, 2p, 3p, 4q, 5q, 6q, 7q, 8p, 10p, 11q, 12p, 12q, 13q, 15q, 16p, 16q, 17p, 17q, 18q, 19p, 19q, 21q and Xp and gains at 3q, 7q, 14q and 15q showed a common clonal origin for the diagnosed relapses. We identified some chromosomal imbalances and genes mapped in the chromosomes 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 11, 14, 17, 18 and 22 as putative linked to chemoradioresistance and chemoradiosensitivity. We also observed that gains in short arm of chromosomes 6, 7, 8 and 18 were acquired after treatment of the primary tumor. We identified losses of VHL gene and promoter methylation of WT1 and GATA5 genes, as predictors of relapses. Conclusions A common clonal origin for the diagnosed relapses was observed and we identified some putative candidate biomarkers of prognosis, relapse risk and treatment response that could guide the development of management strategies for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilda P Ribeiro
- Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Polo Ciências da Saúde, Coimbra, 3000-354 Portugal.,CIMAGO - Center of Investigation on Environment Genetics and Oncobiology - Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3000-354 Portugal
| | - Francisco Marques
- CIMAGO - Center of Investigation on Environment Genetics and Oncobiology - Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3000-354 Portugal.,Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3000-075 Portugal.,Stomatology Unit, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, CHUC, Coimbra, 3000-075 EPE Portugal
| | - Leonor Barroso
- Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, CHUC, Coimbra, 3000-075 EPE Portugal
| | - Jorge Miguéis
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, CHUC, Coimbra, EPE Portugal
| | - Francisco Caramelo
- Laboratory of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, IBILI - Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3000-354 Portugal
| | - André Santos
- Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Polo Ciências da Saúde, Coimbra, 3000-354 Portugal
| | - Maria J Julião
- Department of Pathology, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, CHUC, Coimbra, 3000-075 EPE Portugal
| | - Joana B Melo
- Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Polo Ciências da Saúde, Coimbra, 3000-354 Portugal.,CIMAGO - Center of Investigation on Environment Genetics and Oncobiology - Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3000-354 Portugal
| | - Isabel M Carreira
- Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Polo Ciências da Saúde, Coimbra, 3000-354 Portugal.,CIMAGO - Center of Investigation on Environment Genetics and Oncobiology - Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3000-354 Portugal
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14
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Chan SH, Lim WK, Michalski ST, Lim JQ, Ishak NDB, Met-Domestici M, Young CNC, Vikstrom K, Esplin ED, Fulbright J, Ang MK, Wee J, Sittampalam K, Farid M, Lincoln SE, Itahana K, Abdullah S, Teh BT, Ngeow J. Germline hemizygous deletion of CDKN2A-CDKN2B locus in a patient presenting with Li-Fraumeni syndrome. NPJ Genom Med 2016; 1:16015. [PMID: 29263814 PMCID: PMC5685299 DOI: 10.1038/npjgenmed.2016.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Li–Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) is a rare cancer predisposition syndrome usually associated with TP53 germline alterations. Its genetic basis in TP53 wild-type pedigrees is less understood. Using whole-genome sequencing, we identified a germline hemizygous deletion ablating CDKN2A–CDKN2B in a TP53 wild-type patient presenting with high-grade sarcoma, laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and a family history suggestive of LFS. Patient-derived cells demonstrated reduced basal gene and protein expression of the CDKN2A-encoded tumour suppressors p14ARF and p16INK4A with concomitant decrease in p21 and faster cell proliferation, implying potential deregulation of p53-mediated cell cycle control. Review of 13 additional patients with pathogenic CDKN2A variants suggested associations of germline CDKN2A mutations with an expanded spectrum of non-melanoma familial cancers. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a germline gross deletion of the CDKN2A–CDKN2B locus in an LFS family. These findings highlight the potential contribution of germline CDKN2A deletions to cancer predisposition and the importance of interrogating the full extent of CDKN2A locus in clinical testing gene panels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sock Hoai Chan
- Cancer Genetics Service, Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Weng Khong Lim
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Jing Quan Lim
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nur Diana Binte Ishak
- Cancer Genetics Service, Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marie Met-Domestici
- Cancer Genetics Service, Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cedric Ng Chuan Young
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | | | - Mei Kim Ang
- Cancer Genetics Service, Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joseph Wee
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Mohamad Farid
- Cancer Genetics Service, Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Koji Itahana
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Bin Tean Teh
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, ASTAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joanne Ngeow
- Cancer Genetics Service, Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Oncology Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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Prospective risk of cancer and the influence of tobacco use in carriers of the p16-Leiden germline variant. Eur J Hum Genet 2014; 23:711-4. [PMID: 25227142 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2014.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The p16-Leiden germline variant in the CDKN2A gene is associated with a high risk of melanoma and pancreatic cancer. The aims of this study were to assess the risk of developing other cancers and to determine whether tobacco use would alter cancer risk in carriers of such a variant. We therefore prospectively evaluated individuals with a p16-Leiden germline variant, participating in a pancreatic surveillance programme, for the occurrence of cancer (n=150). Tobacco use was assessed at the start of the surveillance programme. We found a significantly increased risk for melanoma (relative risk (RR) 41.3; 95% confidence interval (CI) 22.9-74.6) and pancreatic cancer (RR 80.8; 95% CI 44.7-146). In addition, increased risks were found for cancers of the lip, mouth and pharynx (RR 18.8; 95% CI 6.05-58.2) and respiratory tumours (RR 4.56; 95% CI 1.71-12.1). Current smokers developed significantly more cancers of the lip, mouth and pharynx, respiratory system and pancreas compared with former and never-smokers. In conclusion, this study shows that carriers of a p16-Leiden variant have an increased risk of developing various types of cancer, and smoking significantly increases the risk of frequently occurring cancers. Smoking cessation should be an integral part of the management of p16-Leiden variant carriers.
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16
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Potrony M, Puig-Butillé JA, Aguilera P, Badenas C, Carrera C, Malvehy J, Puig S. Increased prevalence of lung, breast, and pancreatic cancers in addition to melanoma risk in families bearing the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A mutation: implications for genetic counseling. J Am Acad Dermatol 2014; 71:888-95. [PMID: 25064638 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2014.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) is the major high-risk susceptibility gene for melanoma. OBJECTIVE We sought to evaluate the effect of CDKN2A mutations in Spanish patients with a high risk of developing melanoma and the association with clinical and family history features. METHODS A cross-sectional study design was used to analyze the CDKN2A impact in 702 Spanish patients with a high risk of developing melanoma. RESULTS The CDKN2A mutation prevalence was 8.5% in patients with sporadic multiple primary melanoma and 14.1% in familial melanoma. Number of cases in the family, number of primary melanomas, and age of onset were associated with the presence of CDKN2A mutation. Having a CDKN2A mutation in the family increased the prevalence of other cancers (prevalence ratio [PR] 2.99, P=.012) and prevalence of pancreatic (PR 2.97, P=.006), lung (PR 3.04, P<.001), and breast (PR 2.19, P=.018) cancers but not nephrourologic or colon cancer. LIMITATIONS Smoking status was not assessed in the individuals with lung cancer. CONCLUSIONS Melanoma-prone families with mutations in CDKN2A have an increased prevalence of a broad spectrum of cancers including lung, pancreatic, and breast cancer. This information should be included in genetic counseling and cancer prevention programs for CDKN2A mutation carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Potrony
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain; Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Anton Puig-Butillé
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain; Biochemical and Molecular Genetics Service, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Aguilera
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain; Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Celia Badenas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain; Biochemical and Molecular Genetics Service, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Carrera
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain; Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Malvehy
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain; Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Puig
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain; Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain.
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17
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Helgadottir H, Höiom V, Jönsson G, Tuominen R, Ingvar C, Borg A, Olsson H, Hansson J. High risk of tobacco-related cancers in CDKN2A mutation-positive melanoma families. J Med Genet 2014; 51:545-52. [PMID: 24935963 PMCID: PMC4112445 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2014-102320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Germline mutations in the tumour suppressor gene CDKN2A occur in 5-20% of familial melanoma cases. A single founder mutation, p.Arg112dup, accounts for the majority of CDKN2A mutations in Swedish carriers. In a national program, carriers of p.Arg112dup mutation have been identified. The aim of this study was to assess cancer risks in p.Arg112dup carriers and their first degree relatives (FDRs) and second degree relatives (SDRs). METHODS In this prospective cohort study, cancer diagnoses in carriers (n=120), non-carriers (n=111), carriers' FDRs (n=275) and SDRs (n=321) and controls (n=3976) were obtained from the Swedish Cancer Registry. Relative risks (RRs) for cancers were calculated (number of cancers/person years). Two-sided 95% CIs were calculated for all RRs. RESULTS In carriers prospective RR for non-melanoma cancers was 5.0 (95% CI 3.7 to 7.3), for pancreatic cancer 43.8 (95% CI 13.8 to 139.0), for cancers in upper digestive tissues 17.1 (95% CI 6.3 to 46.5), and in respiratory tissues 15.6 (5.4 to 46.0). In FDRs and SDRs RRs were significantly elevated for cancers in pancreas, respiratory and upper digestive tissues. In ever-smoking carriers compared with never-smoking carriers, the odds ratio (OR) of cancers in pancreas, respiratory or upper digestive tissues was 9.3 (95% CI 1.9 to 44.7). CONCLUSIONS CDKN2A p.Arg112dup mutation carriers from melanoma-prone families and their FDRs and SDRs have elevated risk for pancreatic, lung, head and neck and gastro-oesophageal carcinomas. These cancers were mainly seen in ever-smoking carriers. Germline CDKN2A mutations may confer an increased sensitivity to carcinogens in tobacco smoke. CDKN2A mutation carriers should be counselled to abstain from smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hildur Helgadottir
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Veronica Höiom
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Göran Jönsson
- Department of Oncology, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Rainer Tuominen
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christian Ingvar
- Department of Oncology, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ake Borg
- Department of Oncology, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Håkan Olsson
- Department of Oncology, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Hansson
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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18
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Genetic Susceptibility to Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014; 89:38-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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19
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Puig-Butille JA, Escámez MJ, Garcia-Garcia F, Tell-Marti G, Fabra À, Martínez-Santamaría L, Badenas C, Aguilera P, Pevida M, Dopazo J, del Río M, Puig S. Capturing the biological impact of CDKN2A and MC1R genes as an early predisposing event in melanoma and non melanoma skin cancer. Oncotarget 2014; 5:1439-51. [PMID: 24742402 PMCID: PMC4039222 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Germline mutations in CDKN2A and/or red hair color variants in MC1R genes are associated with an increased susceptibility to develop cutaneous melanoma or non melanoma skin cancer. We studied the impact of the CDKN2A germinal mutation p.G101W and MC1R variants on gene expression and transcription profiles associated with skin cancer. To this end we set-up primary skin cell co-cultures from siblings of melanoma prone-families that were later analyzed using the expression array approach. As a result, we found that 1535 transcripts were deregulated in CDKN2A mutated cells, with over-expression of immunity-related genes (HLA-DPB1, CLEC2B, IFI44, IFI44L, IFI27, IFIT1, IFIT2, SP110 and IFNK) and down-regulation of genes playing a role in the Notch signaling pathway. 3570 transcripts were deregulated in MC1R variant carriers. In particular, genes related to oxidative stress and DNA damage pathways were up-regulated as well as genes associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's, Alzheimer and Huntington. Finally, we observed that the expression signatures indentified in phenotypically normal cells carrying CDKN2A mutations or MC1R variants are maintained in skin cancer tumors (melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma). These results indicate that transcriptome deregulation represents an early event critical for skin cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Anton Puig-Butille
- Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clinic & IDIBAPS (Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi i Sunyer), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - María José Escámez
- Regenerative Medicine Unit. Epithelial Biomedicine Division. Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Bioengineering. Universidad Carlos III (UC3M), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Garcia-Garcia
- Functional Genomics Node, National Institute of Bioinformatics, CIPF Valencia, Spain
- Department of Bioinformatics, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gemma Tell-Marti
- Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clinic & IDIBAPS (Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi i Sunyer), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Àngels Fabra
- Biological Clues of the Invasive and Metastatic Phenotype Group. Molecular Oncology Lab, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucía Martínez-Santamaría
- Regenerative Medicine Unit. Epithelial Biomedicine Division. Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Bioengineering. Universidad Carlos III (UC3M), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Celia Badenas
- Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clinic & IDIBAPS (Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi i Sunyer), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Aguilera
- Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clinic & IDIBAPS (Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi i Sunyer), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Pevida
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Tissue Engineering Unit. Centro Comunitario de Sangre y Tejidos del Principado de Asturias (CCST), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Joaquín Dopazo
- Functional Genomics Node, National Institute of Bioinformatics, CIPF Valencia, Spain
- Department of Bioinformatics, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
| | - Marcela del Río
- Regenerative Medicine Unit. Epithelial Biomedicine Division. Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Bioengineering. Universidad Carlos III (UC3M), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Puig
- Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clinic & IDIBAPS (Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi i Sunyer), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
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20
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Genome stability pathways in head and neck cancers. Int J Genomics 2013; 2013:464720. [PMID: 24364026 PMCID: PMC3834617 DOI: 10.1155/2013/464720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic instability underlies the transformation of host cells toward malignancy, promotes development of invasion and metastasis and shapes the response of established cancer to treatment. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of genomic stability in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC), with an emphasis on DNA repair pathways. HNSCC is characterized by distinct profiles in genome stability between similarly staged cancers that are reflected in risk, treatment response and outcomes. Defective DNA repair generates chromosomal derangement that can cause subsequent alterations in gene expression, and is a hallmark of progression toward carcinoma. Variable functionality of an increasing spectrum of repair gene polymorphisms is associated with increased cancer risk, while aetiological factors such as human papillomavirus, tobacco and alcohol induce significantly different behaviour in induced malignancy, underpinned by differences in genomic stability. Targeted inhibition of signalling receptors has proven to be a clinically-validated therapy, and protein expression of other DNA repair and signalling molecules associated with cancer behaviour could potentially provide a more refined clinical model for prognosis and treatment prediction. Development and expansion of current genomic stability models is furthering our understanding of HNSCC pathophysiology and uncovering new, promising treatment strategies.
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