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Lei H, He A, Jiang Y, Ruan M, Han N. Targeting DNA damage response as a potential therapeutic strategy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1031944. [PMID: 36338767 PMCID: PMC9634729 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1031944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells experience both endogenous and exogenous DNA damage daily. To maintain genome integrity and suppress tumorigenesis, individuals have evolutionarily acquired a series of repair functions, termed DNA damage response (DDR), to repair DNA damage and ensure the accurate transmission of genetic information. Defects in DNA damage repair pathways may lead to various diseases, including tumors. Accumulating evidence suggests that alterations in DDR-related genes, such as somatic or germline mutations, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and promoter methylation, are closely related to the occurrence, development, and treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Despite recent advances in surgery combined with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or immunotherapy, there has been no substantial improvement in the survival rate of patients with HNSCC. Therefore, targeting DNA repair pathways may be a promising treatment for HNSCC. In this review, we summarized the sources of DNA damage and DNA damage repair pathways. Further, the role of DNA damage repair pathways in the development of HNSCC and the application of small molecule inhibitors targeting these pathways in the treatment of HNSCC were focused.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Lei
- School of Stomatology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Ading He
- School of Stomatology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yingying Jiang
- School of Stomatology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Min Ruan
- School of Stomatology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Department of Oral Maxillofacio-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Nannan Han
- School of Stomatology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Department of Oral Maxillofacio-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Szymonowicz KA, Chen J. Biological and clinical aspects of HPV-related cancers. Cancer Biol Med 2020; 17:864-878. [PMID: 33299640 PMCID: PMC7721094 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-related diseases represent the second overall cause of death worldwide. Human papilloma virus (HPV) is an infectious agent which is mainly sexually transmitted and may lead to HPV-associated cancers in both men and women. Almost all cervical cancers are HPV-associated, however, an increasing number of head and neck cancers (HNCs), especially oropharyngeal cancer, can be linked to HPV infection. Moreover, anogenital cancers, including vaginal, vulvar, penial, and anal cancers, represent a subset of HPV-related cancers. Whereas testing and prevention of cervical cancer have significantly improved over past decades, anogenital cancers remain more difficult to confirm. Current clinical trials including patients with HPV-related cancers focus on finding proper testing for all HPV-associated cancers as well as improve the currently applied treatments. The HPV viral oncoproteins, E6 and E7, lead to degradation of, respectively, p53 and pRb resulting in entering the S phase without G1 arrest. These high-risk HPV viral oncogenes alter numerous cellular processes, including DNA repair, angiogenesis, and/or apoptosis, which eventually result in carcinogenesis. Additionally, a comprehensive analysis of gene expression and alteration among a panel of DNA double strand breaks (DSB) repair genes in HPV-negative and HPV-positive HNC cancers reveals differences pointing to HPV-dependent modifications of DNA repair processes in these cancers. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge regarding HPV-related cancers, current screening, and treatment options as well as DNA damage response-related biological aspects of the HPV infection and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Anna Szymonowicz
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Junjie Chen
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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He SS, Chen Y, Shen XM, Wang HZ, Sun P, Dong J, Guo GF, Chen JG, Xia LP, Hu PL, Qiu HJ, Liu SS, Zhou YX, Wang W, Hu WH, Cai XY. DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit functions in metastasis and influences survival in advanced-stage laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. J Cancer 2017; 8:2410-2416. [PMID: 28819445 PMCID: PMC5560160 DOI: 10.7150/jca.20069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) is known to function in several types of cancer. In this study, we investigated the expression and clinicopathologic significance of DNA-PKcs in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 208 patients with advanced-stage LSCC treated at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China. We assessed DNA-PKcs and p16INK4a (p16) status using immunohistochemistry. We examined the association between DNA-PKcs expression and clinicopathologic features and survival outcomes. To evaluate the independent prognostic relevance of DNA-PKcs, we used univariate and multivariate Cox regression models. We estimated overall survival (OS) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that 163/208 (78.4%) of the LSCC tissue samples exhibited high DNA-PKcs expression. High DNA-PKcs expression was significantly associated with survival outcomes (P = 0.016) and distant metastasis (P = 0.02; chi-squared test). High DNA-PKcs expression was associated with a significantly shorter OS and DMFS than low DNA-PKcs expression (P = 0.029 and 0.033, respectively; log-rank test), and was associated with poor OS in the p16-positive subgroup (P = 0.047). Multivariate analysis identified DNA-PKcs as an independent prognostic indicator of OS and DMFS in all patients (P = 0.039 and 0.037, respectively). Conclusions: Our results suggest that patients with LSCC in whom DNA-PKcs expression is elevated have a higher incidence of distant metastasis and a poorer prognosis. DNA-PKcs may represent a marker of tumor progression in patients with p16-positive LSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha-Sha He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou.,Department of Radiation, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou.,Department of Radiation, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou.,Department of Radiology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan (The affiliated Foshan Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University), Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong-Zhi Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Peng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou.,Department of Pathology, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou.,Department of VIP Region, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gui-Fang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou.,Department of VIP Region, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ju-Gao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou
| | - Liang-Ping Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou.,Department of VIP Region, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei-Li Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou.,Department of VIP Region, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Juan Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou.,Department of VIP Region, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shou-Sheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou.,Department of VIP Region, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Xin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou.,Department of VIP Region, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou.,Department of Gastric Surgery, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Han Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou.,Department of Radiation, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiu-Yu Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou.,Department of VIP Region, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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