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Song HY, Shen R, Mahasin H, Guo YN, Wang DG. DNA replication: Mechanisms and therapeutic interventions for diseases. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e210. [PMID: 36776764 PMCID: PMC9899494 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate and integral cellular DNA replication is modulated by multiple replication-associated proteins, which is fundamental to preserve genome stability. Furthermore, replication proteins cooperate with multiple DNA damage factors to deal with replication stress through mechanisms beyond their role in replication. Cancer cells with chronic replication stress exhibit aberrant DNA replication and DNA damage response, providing an exploitable therapeutic target in tumors. Numerous evidence has indicated that posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of replication proteins present distinct functions in DNA replication and respond to replication stress. In addition, abundant replication proteins are involved in tumorigenesis and development, which act as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in some tumors, implying these proteins act as therapeutic targets in clinical. Replication-target cancer therapy emerges as the times require. In this context, we outline the current investigation of the DNA replication mechanism, and simultaneously enumerate the aberrant expression of replication proteins as hallmark for various diseases, revealing their therapeutic potential for target therapy. Meanwhile, we also discuss current observations that the novel PTM of replication proteins in response to replication stress, which seems to be a promising strategy to eliminate diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Yun Song
- School of Basic Medical Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou Gansu China
| | - Rong Shen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou Gansu China
| | - Hamid Mahasin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou Gansu China
| | - Ya-Nan Guo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou Gansu China
| | - De-Gui Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou Gansu China
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Almadori G, Coli A, De Corso E, Mele DA, Settimi S, Di Cintio G, Brigato F, Scannone D, Lauriola L, Ranelletti FO. Parathyroid hormone-related peptide and parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor type 1 in locally advanced laryngeal cancer as prognostic indicators of relapse and survival. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:704. [PMID: 35761298 PMCID: PMC9235225 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09748-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) overexpression and poor patient outcome have been reported for many human tumors, but no studies are available in laryngeal cancer. Therefore, we studied the expression of PTHrP and its receptor, parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor type 1 (PTH1R), in primary locally advanced laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas (LALSCC) also in relation to the clinical outcome of patients. Methods We conducted a retrospective exploratory study, using immunohistochemistry, on PTHrP, PTH1R and HER1 expressions in LALSCC of 66 patients treated with bio-radiotherapy with cetuximab. Results The expressions of PTHrP and PTH1R in LALSCC were associated with the degree of tumor differentiation (p = 0.01 and 0.04, respectively). Poorly differentiated tumors, with worse prognosis, expressed PTHrP at nuclear level and were PTH1R negative. PTHrP and PTH1R were expressed at cytoplasmic level in normal larynx epithelium and more differentiated laryngeal cancer cells, suggesting an autocrine/paracrine role of PTHrP in squamous cell differentiation of well differentiated tumors with good prognosis. Eighty-one percent HER1 positive tumors expressed PTHrP (p < 0.0001), mainly at nuclear level, consistent with the known up-regulation of PTHrP gene by HER1 signaling. In multivariable analyses, patients with PTHrP positive tumors had a higher relative risk of relapse (HR = 5.49; CI 95% = 1.62–22.24; p = 0.006) and survival (HR = 8.21; CI 95% = 1.19–105.00; p = 0.031) while those with PTH1R positive tumors showed a lower relative risk of relapse (HR = 0.18; CI 95% = 0.04–0.62; p = 0.002) and survival (HR = 0.18; CI 95% = 0.04–0.91; p = 0.029). Conclusions In LALSCC nuclear PTHrP and absence of PTH1R expressions could be useful in predicting response and/or resistance to cetuximab in combined therapies, contributing to an aggressive behavior of tumor cells downstream to HER1. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-09748-1.
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Almadori G, Coli A, De Corso E, Mele DA, Settimi S, Di Cintio G, Brigato F, Scannone D, Carey TE, Paludetti G, Lauriola L, Ranelletti FO. Nuclear HER3 expression improves the prognostic stratification of patients with HER1 positive advanced laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. J Transl Med 2021; 19:408. [PMID: 34579737 PMCID: PMC8477517 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-03081-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Compared to the other members of human epidermal growth factor family receptors (HER), the role of HER3 has not been well defined in laryngeal cancer. The predictive and prognostic role of HER3 has been the focus of clinical attention but the research findings are contradictory, especially in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). The variable localization of HER3 within cancer cells and the role of HER3 in primary and acquired resistance to HER1-targeted therapies remain unclear. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of two cohorts of 66 homogeneous consecutive untreated primary advanced LSCC patients, in which co-expression of HER1, HER2 and HER3 receptors was investigated by semi-quantitative immunohistochemistry. The association of their pattern of expression with survival was evaluated by Kaplan–Meier and Cox’s proportional hazard analyses. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were developed to predict median 2- and 3-year RFS and 2.5- and 5-year OS. The Akaike information criterion technique and backwards stepwise procedure were used for model selections. The performance of the final Cox models was assessed with respect to calibration and discrimination. Results Immunohistochemical labeling for HER1 and HER2 was localized both in the cell membrane and in the cytoplasm, while HER3 labeling was observed both in the cell cytoplasm and in the nucleus. HER3 expression was inversely correlated with HER1 positivity. The expression patterns of HERs were associated with tumor differentiation. In both cohorts of patients, HER1 expression was associated with reduced relapse-free (RFS) and overall survival (OS). In HER1 positive tumors, the co-expression with nuclear HER3 was associated with better RFS and OS, compared with HER3 negative tumors or tumors expressing HER3 at cytoplasmic level. HER3 expressing tumors had a higher Geminin/MCM7 ratio than HER3 negative ones, regardless of HER1 co-expression. Multivariable analyses identified age at diagnosis, tumor site, HER1, HER3 and age at diagnosis, tumor stage, HER1, HER3, as covariates significantly associated with RFS and OS, respectively. Bootstrapping verified the good fitness of these models for predicting survivals and the optimism-corrected C-indices were 0.76 and 0.77 for RFS and OS, respectively. Conclusions Nuclear HER3 expression was strongly associated with favourable prognosis and allows to improve the prognostic stratification of patients with HER1 positive advanced LSCC carcinoma. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-021-03081-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Almadori
- Unit of Head and Neck Oncology, "A. Gemelli" University Hospital Foundation IRCCS-Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy. .,Unit of Otorhinolaryngology, "A. Gemelli" University Hospital Foundation IRCCS, Roma, Italy. .,Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy.
| | - Antonella Coli
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy.,Unit of Anatomic Pathology, "A. Gemelli" University Hospital Foundation IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Eugenio De Corso
- Unit of Otorhinolaryngology, "A. Gemelli" University Hospital Foundation IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Dario Antonio Mele
- Unit of Otorhinolaryngology, "A. Gemelli" University Hospital Foundation IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Stefano Settimi
- Unit of Otorhinolaryngology, "A. Gemelli" University Hospital Foundation IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Cintio
- Unit of Otorhinolaryngology, "A. Gemelli" University Hospital Foundation IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Francesca Brigato
- Unit of Otorhinolaryngology, "A. Gemelli" University Hospital Foundation IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Domenico Scannone
- Unit of Anatomic Pathology, "A. Gemelli" University Hospital Foundation IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Thomas E Carey
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gaetano Paludetti
- Unit of Otorhinolaryngology, "A. Gemelli" University Hospital Foundation IRCCS, Roma, Italy.,Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Libero Lauriola
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy.,Unit of Anatomic Pathology, "A. Gemelli" University Hospital Foundation IRCCS, Roma, Italy
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Mitsuda J, Tsujikawa T, Yoshimura K, Saburi S, Suetsugu M, Kitamoto K, Takenaka M, Ohmura G, Arai A, Ogi H, Itoh K, Hirano S. A 14-Marker Multiplexed Imaging Panel for Prognostic Biomarkers and Tumor Heterogeneity in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:713561. [PMID: 34490110 PMCID: PMC8417535 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.713561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances made in treatment for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) highlight the need for new prediction tools to guide therapeutic strategies. In this study, we aimed to develop a HNSCC-targeting multiplex immunohistochemical (IHC) panel that can evaluate prognostic factors and the intratumor heterogeneity of HNSCC. To identify IHC-based tissue biomarkers that constitute new multiplex IHC panel, a systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to analyze reported IHC biomarkers in laryngeal and pharyngeal SCC in the period of 2008–2018. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Reactome pathway databases were used to validate the prognostic and functional significance of the identified biomarkers. A 14-marker chromogenic multiplex IHC panel including identified biomarkers was used to analyze untreated HNSCC tissue. Forty-five high-quality studies and thirty-one candidate tissue biomarkers were identified (N = 7062). Prognostic validation in TCGA laryngeal and pharyngeal SCC cohort (N = 205) showed that β-catenin, DKK1, PINCH1, ADAM10, and TIMP1 were significantly associated with poor prognosis, which were related to functional categories such as immune system, cellular response, cell cycle, and developmental systems. Selected biomarkers were assembled to build a 14-marker panel, evaluating heterogeneity and polarized expression of tumor biomarkers in the tissue structures, which was particularly related to activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Integrated IHC analysis based on a systemic review and meta-analysis provides an in situ proteomics tool to assess the aggressiveness and intratumor heterogeneity of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Mitsuda
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tsujikawa
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Kanako Yoshimura
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sumiyo Saburi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaho Suetsugu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kayo Kitamoto
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mari Takenaka
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Gaku Ohmura
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akihito Arai
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ogi
- Department of Pathology and Applied Neurobiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,SCREEN Holdings Co., Ltd., Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kyoko Itoh
- Department of Pathology and Applied Neurobiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigeru Hirano
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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MCMs in Cancer: Prognostic Potential and Mechanisms. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2020; 2020:3750294. [PMID: 32089988 PMCID: PMC7023756 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3750294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Enabling replicative immortality and uncontrolled cell cycle are hallmarks of cancer cells. Minichromosome maintenance proteins (MCMs) exhibit helicase activity in replication initiation and play vital roles in controlling replication times within a cell cycle. Overexpressed MCMs are detected in various cancerous tissues and cancer cell lines. Previous studies have proposed MCMs as promising proliferation markers in cancers, while the prognostic values remain controversial and the underlying mechanisms remain unascertained. This review provides an overview of the significant findings regarding the cellular and tumorigenic functions of the MCM family. Besides, current evidence of the prognostic roles of MCMs is retrospectively reviewed. This work also offers insight into the mechanisms of MCMs prompting carcinogenesis and adverse prognosis, providing information for future research. Finally, MCMs in liver cancer are specifically discussed, and future perspectives are provided.
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Gou K, Liu J, Feng X, Li H, Yuan Y, Xing C. Expression of Minichromosome Maintenance Proteins (MCM) and Cancer Prognosis: A meta-analysis. J Cancer 2018; 9:1518-1526. [PMID: 29721062 PMCID: PMC5929097 DOI: 10.7150/jca.22691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Minichromosome maintenance proteins (MCM) played a critical role in replication and cell cycle progression. However, their prognostic roles in cancer remain controversial. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to investigate the prognostic value of MCMs in cancers. Totally 31 eligible articles with 7653 cancer patients were included in this meta-analysis. We evaluated the relationship between MCMs expression and overall survival (OS) in various cancer patients by using pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The meta-analysis showed that carriers with high expression of MCM5 and MCM7 were significantly associated with short OS for pooled HR (HR=1.04, 95% CI=1.01-1.08, P=0.020, HR=1.78, 95% CI=1.04-3.02, P=0.035, respectively). For pooled RR, individuals with increased MCM2 and MCM7 expression were significantly correlated with poor OS (RR=2.30, 95% CI=1.14-4.63, P=0.019; RR=3.52, 95% CI=2.01-6.18, P<0.001, respectively). The findings suggest that high expression of MCM2, MCM5 and MCM7 might serve as predictive biomarkers for poor prognosis in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaihua Gou
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention (China Medical University), Liaoning Provincial Education Department, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Jingwei Liu
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention (China Medical University), Liaoning Provincial Education Department, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Xue Feng
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention (China Medical University), Liaoning Provincial Education Department, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Hao Li
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention (China Medical University), Liaoning Provincial Education Department, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention (China Medical University), Liaoning Provincial Education Department, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Chengzhong Xing
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention (China Medical University), Liaoning Provincial Education Department, Shenyang 110001, China
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