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Nabi Z, Manchu C, Reddy DN. Robotics in interventional endoscopy-evolution and the way forward. Indian J Gastroenterol 2024:10.1007/s12664-024-01663-6. [PMID: 39172182 DOI: 10.1007/s12664-024-01663-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
The integration of robotics into gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy represents a transformative advancement and bears the potential to bridge the gap between traditional limitations by offering unprecedented precision and control in diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. This review explores the historical progression, current applications and future potential of robotic platforms in GI endoscopy. Originally designed for surgical applications, robotic systems have expanded their reach into endoscopy, potentially enhancing procedural accuracy and reducing ergonomic strain on practitioners. Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery (NOTES) emerged as a promising technique, leveraging natural orifices to perform minimally invasive surgeries. Despite its initial potential, several factors, including limitations of the available instrumentations and lack of reliable closure techniques, hindered its widespread adoption and progress. Conventional endoscopic tools often fall short in terms of triangulation, traction and degrees of freedom, necessitating the adoption of robotic interventions. Over recent decades, robotic endoscopy has significantly evolved, focusing on both diagnostic and complex therapeutic procedures such as endoscopic sub-mucosal dissection (ESD) and endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFTR). Various robotic platforms demonstrate enhanced safety and efficiency in GI procedures. As the field progresses, the emphasis on clinical validation, advanced training and the exploration of new applications remains crucial. Continuous innovation in robotic technology and endoscopic techniques promises to overcome existing limitations, further revolutionizing the management of GI diseases and improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaheer Nabi
- Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, 500 082, India
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2
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Gamal A, Moschovas MC, Jaber AR, Saikali S, Perera R, Headley C, Patel E, Rogers T, Roche MW, Leveillee RJ, Albala D, Patel V. Clinical applications of robotic surgery platforms: a comprehensive review. J Robot Surg 2024; 18:29. [PMID: 38231279 DOI: 10.1007/s11701-023-01815-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Robotic surgery has expanded globally across various medical specialties since its inception more than 20 years ago. Accompanying this expansion were significant technological improvements, providing tremendous benefits to patients and allowing the surgeon to perform with more precision and accuracy. This review lists some of the different types of platforms available for use in various clinical applications. We performed a literature review of PubMed and Web of Science databases in May 2023, searching for all available articles describing surgical robotic platforms from January 2000 (the year of the first approved surgical robot, da Vinci® System, by Intuitive Surgical) until May 1st, 2023. All retrieved robotic platforms were then divided according to their clinical application into four distinct groups: soft tissue robotic platforms, orthopedic robotic platforms, neurosurgery and spine platforms, and endoluminal robotic platforms. Robotic surgical technology has undergone a rapid expansion over the last few years. Currently, multiple robotic platforms with specialty-specific applications are entering the market. Many of the fields of surgery are now embracing robotic surgical technology. We review some of the most important systems in clinical practice at this time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Gamal
- Adventhealth Global Robotics Institute, 380 Celebration Place, Orlando, FL, 34747, USA.
| | - Marcio Covas Moschovas
- Adventhealth Global Robotics Institute, 380 Celebration Place, Orlando, FL, 34747, USA
- University of Central Florida (UCF), Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Abdel Rahman Jaber
- Adventhealth Global Robotics Institute, 380 Celebration Place, Orlando, FL, 34747, USA
| | - Shady Saikali
- Adventhealth Global Robotics Institute, 380 Celebration Place, Orlando, FL, 34747, USA
| | - Roshane Perera
- Adventhealth Global Robotics Institute, 380 Celebration Place, Orlando, FL, 34747, USA
| | - Chris Headley
- Adventhealth Global Robotics Institute, 380 Celebration Place, Orlando, FL, 34747, USA
| | - Ela Patel
- Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Travis Rogers
- Adventhealth Global Robotics Institute, 380 Celebration Place, Orlando, FL, 34747, USA
| | - Martin W Roche
- Department of Arthroplasty, Hospital for Special Surgery Florida, West Palm Beach, FL, USA
| | | | - David Albala
- Associated Medical Professionals, Urology, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Vipul Patel
- Adventhealth Global Robotics Institute, 380 Celebration Place, Orlando, FL, 34747, USA
- University of Central Florida (UCF), Orlando, FL, USA
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Culmone C, Jager DJ, Breedveld P. MemoBox: A mechanical follow-the-leader system for minimally invasive surgery. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 4:938643. [PMID: 36340589 PMCID: PMC9632848 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2022.938643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increase in Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery procedures, there is an increasing demand for surgical instruments with additional degrees of freedom, able to travel along tortuous pathways and guarantee dexterity and high accuracy without compromising the surrounding environment. The implementation of follow-the-leader motion in surgical instruments allows propagating the decided shape through its body and moving through curved paths avoiding sensitive areas. Due to the limited operational area and therefore the instrument size, the steerable shaft of these instruments is usually driven by cables that are externally actuated. However, a large number of degrees of freedom requires a great number of actuators, increasing the system complexity. Therefore, our goal was to design a new memory system able to impose a follow-the-leader motion to the steerable shaft of a medical instrument without using actuators. We present a memory mechanism to control and guide the cable displacements of a cable-driven shaft able to move along a multi-curved path. The memory mechanism is based on a programmable physical track with a mechanical interlocking system. The memory system, called MemoBox, was manufactured as a proof-of-concept demonstration model, measuring 70 mm × 64 mm × 6 mm with 11 programmable elements and featuring a minimum resolution of 1 mm. The prototype shows the ability to generate and shift complex 2D pathways in real-time controlled by the user.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costanza Culmone
- BITE Group, Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
- Correspondence: Costanza Culmone
| | - David J. Jager
- Department of Electronic and Mechanical Support Division, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Paul Breedveld
- BITE Group, Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
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Nakadate R, Iwasa T, Onogi S, Arata J, Oguri S, Okamoto Y, Akahoshi T, Eto M, Hashizume M. Surgical Robot for Intraluminal Access: An Ex Vivo Feasibility Study. CYBORG AND BIONIC SYSTEMS 2020; 2020:8378025. [PMID: 37063410 PMCID: PMC10097415 DOI: 10.34133/2020/8378025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Early-stage gastrointestinal cancer is often treated by endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) using a flexible endoscope. Compared with conventional percutaneous surgery, ESD is much less invasive and provides a high quality of life for the patient because it does not require a skin incision, and the organ is preserved. However, the operator must be highly skilled because ESD requires using a flexible endoscope with energy devices, which have limited degrees of freedom. To facilitate easier manipulation of these flexible devices, we developed a surgical robot comprising a flexible endoscope and two articulating instruments. The robotic system is based on a conventional flexible endoscope, and an extrapolated motor unit moves the endoscope in all its degrees of freedom. The instruments are thin enough to allow insertion of two instruments into the endoscope channel, and each instrument has a bending section that allows for up–down, right–left, and forward–backward motion. In this study, we performed an ex vivo feasibility evaluation using the proposed robotic system for ESD in a porcine stomach. The procedure was successfully performed by five novice operators without complications. Our findings demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed robotic system and, furthermore, suggest that even operators with limited experience can use this system to perform ESD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryu Nakadate
- Center for Advanced Medical Innovation, Kyushu University, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Iwasa
- Kitakyushu Municipal Medical Center, Kyushu University, Japan
| | - Shinya Onogi
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Jumpei Arata
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyushu University, Japan
| | - Susumu Oguri
- Department of Advanced Medicine and Innovative Technology, Kyushu University Hospital, Japan
| | | | - Tomohiko Akahoshi
- Department of Advanced Medicine and Innovative Technology, Kyushu University Hospital, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Eto
- Center for Advanced Medical Innovation, Kyushu University, Japan
- Department of Advanced Medicine and Innovative Technology, Kyushu University Hospital, Japan
- Department of Urology, Kyushu University, Japan
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Spriano G, Mercante G, Manciocco V, Cristalli G, Sanguineti G, Ferreli F. A new lateral cervical approach for salvage total laryngo-pharyngectomy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 39:61-64. [PMID: 30936580 PMCID: PMC6444169 DOI: 10.14639/0392-100x-1753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Total laryngectomy with subtotal pharyngectomy is the standard treatment of persistent/recurrent laryngeal and/or pharyngeal cancer. Salvage surgery can be complicated by pharyngo-cutaneous fistula because of previous treatment. The aim of this paper was to verify the feasibility of salvage total laryngectomy with subtotal pharyngectomy with a minimally invasive technique through a lateral cervical approach using the same skin incision used for resection of primary, synchronous neck dissection and pharyngeal flap reconstruction. This approach allowed harvesting of the anterior-myocutaneous flap including skin, subcutaneous tissue, platysma, anterior jugular veins, sterno- and homohyoid muscle in order to preserve as much tissue not involved by the tumour as possible. This technique is feasible and safe; further studies should confirm its advantages in terms of reduction of complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Spriano
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery
| | - G Mercante
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery
| | - V Manciocco
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery
| | - G Cristalli
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery
| | - G Sanguineti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - F Ferreli
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery
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Orosco RK, Tam K, Nakayama M, Holsinger FC, Spriano G. Transoral supraglottic laryngectomy using a next‐generation single‐port robotic surgical system. Head Neck 2019; 41:2143-2147. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.25676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan K. Orosco
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of SurgeryUniversity of California San Diego California
| | - Kenric Tam
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of OtolaryngologyStanford University California
| | - Meijin Nakayama
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryYokohama City University Yokohama Japan
| | | | - Giuseppe Spriano
- Department of Otolaryngology ‐ Head & Neck Surgery“Regina Elena” National Cancer Institute Rome Italy
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Persky MJ, Issa M, Bonfili JR, Goyal N, Goldenberg D, Duvvuri U. Transoral surgery using the Flex Robotic System: Initial experience in the United States. Head Neck 2018; 40:2482-2486. [PMID: 30303588 DOI: 10.1002/hed.25375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This multicenter, retrospective review documents the initial experience using the Flex system for transoral surgery in 2 United States academic centers. METHODS All patients who underwent transoral robotic surgery using the Medrobotics Flex Robotic System (Raynham, MA) between September 2015 and May 2017 were reviewed. Rates of successful surgery and complications were evaluated. RESULTS Thirty-six men and 32 women were enrolled in the study. The average age was 55.6 years (range 17-82 years). The Flex system was used successfully in surgery of the tongue base, the palatine tonsils, the supraglottis, the glottis, the hypopharynx, the oral tongue, and the soft palate. Only 6 cases (7.6%) required readmission after discharge. There were no intraoperative or immediate postoperative complications, with no cases of intraoperative hemorrhage. CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in the United States evaluating the use of the Flex system to safely resect lesions in the oral cavity, larynx, and pharynx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Persky
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Mohamad Issa
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jennifer R Bonfili
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Neerav Goyal
- Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - David Goldenberg
- Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Umamaheswar Duvvuri
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Cottrill EE, Funk EK, Goldenberg D, Goyal N. Transoral Thyroidectomy Using A Flexible Robotic System: A Preclinical Cadaver Feasibility Study. Laryngoscope 2018; 129:1482-1487. [PMID: 30284264 DOI: 10.1002/lary.27543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Traditionally, most thyroid surgery utilizes a curvilinear cervical incision with a resulting permanent scar. Minimally invasive and remote access thyroid surgery techniques continue to evolve. Transoral approaches through a vestibular incision have been developed at several centers throughout the world, obviating the need for a cutaneous incision and optimizing aesthetics. To date this technique has been performed using rigid endoscopes or a linear robotic platform. The goal of this study was to test the feasibility of a novel flexible robotic system to perform a transvestibular thyroidectomy in a preclinical cadaver model. STUDY DESIGN Preclinical feasibility study. METHODS Right and left thyroid lobectomies were successfully performed via a transvestibular approach in four cadavers. RESULTS A single vestibular incision between bilateral mental nerves allowed entrance of the flexible robot in a subplatysmal plane in both male and female cadavers. The recurrent laryngeal nerves and parathyroids were identified and preserved. The flexible three-dimensional camera allowed excellent visualization and could be easily repositioned for optimal visualization of right and left structures. The flexible and wristed instruments enabled an atraumatic approach and allowed for precise surgical technique. CONCLUSIONS The transoral vestibular approach to the central neck is a promising technique for thyroidectomy with optimal cosmesis and can be successfully accomplished using this novel flexible robotic system. Improvements in visualization and access offered by this system may improve application of this technique. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA Laryngoscope, 129:1482-1487, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth E Cottrill
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Penn State University Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A
| | - Emily K Funk
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - David Goldenberg
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Penn State University Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Neerav Goyal
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Penn State University Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
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Woods RSR, Geyer L, Ionescu A, Callanan D, Sheahan P. Outcomes of transoral laser microsurgery for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma in Ireland and review of the literature on transoral approaches. Ir J Med Sci 2018; 188:397-403. [PMID: 29926338 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-018-1842-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The optimal treatment for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is controversial. There is increasing evidence that, in selected cases, minimally invasive transoral surgery can offer improved functional outcomes, with equivalent oncologic outcomes, compared to chemoradiotherapy. AIMS We report the outcomes of transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) for treatment of OPSCC at our institution. METHODS Patients with OPSCC undergoing TLM at the South Infirmary Victoria University Hospital, Cork, between 2010 and 2016, were identified from an institutional database. Human papillomavirus (HPV) status was determined by p16 immunohistochemistry. Survival outcomes were analysed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Complications following surgery and gastrostomy tube dependence were evaluated. RESULTS The study cohort consisted of 26 patients, with mean age of 56 years (range 29-71). Primary tumours were located in the tonsil (18), base of tongue (4) and other subsites (4). Seventeen cases were p16-positive. Complications included haemorrhage necessitating return to theatre (1) and aspiration pneumonia (1). Four patients underwent tracheostomy, all of whom were successfully decannulated. One patient underwent gastrostomy tube insertion during postoperative radiotherapy. No patient was gastrostomy dependent at latest follow-up. Twenty-two patients received adjuvant treatment, with radiation alone (21) or chemoradiotherapy (2). Mean follow-up was 27 months. Five-year locoregional control was 92% and disease-specific survival was 81%. CONCLUSIONS In selected patients with OPSCC, TLM offers excellent functional and survival outcomes, and as such offers an alternative approach to chemoradiotherapy as primary treatment. We compare TLM to other transoral approaches and discuss its potential use in the Irish healthcare system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robbie S R Woods
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, South Infirmary Victoria University Hospital, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Lina Geyer
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, South Infirmary Victoria University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ana Ionescu
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, South Infirmary Victoria University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Deirdre Callanan
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, South Infirmary Victoria University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Patrick Sheahan
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, South Infirmary Victoria University Hospital, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Saadi R, Goldenberg D, Goldenberg D. Using Technology in Global Otolaryngology. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2018; 51:555-561. [PMID: 29472013 DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Technology is integral to the diverse diagnostics and interventions of Otolaryngology. Historically, major advances in this field derive from advances of associated technologies. Challenges of visualization and surgical access are increasingly overcome by integrating endoscopic, electronic, and robotic instruments. Otolaryngology is often limited to urban areas and large academic centers, making it difficult to allocate care and resources to many underserved populations. The widespread use of technology has important implications in regards to global access to this field as telemedicine is most effectively applied to specialties that are heavily reliant on data and visuals that may be electronically disseminated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Saadi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, PO Box 850 H091, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Dana Goldenberg
- Tulane University, 6823 Street, Charles Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - David Goldenberg
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, PO Box 850 H091, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
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Review of emerging surgical robotic technology. Surg Endosc 2018; 32:1636-1655. [PMID: 29442240 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-018-6079-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of laparoscopic and robotic procedures has increased in general surgery. Minimally invasive robotic surgery has made tremendous progress in a relatively short period of time, realizing improvements for both the patient and surgeon. This has led to an increase in the use and development of robotic devices and platforms for general surgery. The purpose of this review is to explore current and emerging surgical robotic technologies in a growing and dynamic environment of research and development. METHODS This review explores medical and surgical robotic endoscopic surgery and peripheral technologies currently available or in development. The devices discussed here are specific to general surgery, including laparoscopy, colonoscopy, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, and thoracoscopy. Benefits and limitations of each technology were identified and applicable future directions were described. RESULTS A number of FDA-approved devices and platforms for robotic surgery were reviewed, including the da Vinci Surgical System, Sensei X Robotic Catheter System, FreeHand 1.2, invendoscopy E200 system, Flex® Robotic System, Senhance, ARES, the Single-Port Instrument Delivery Extended Research (SPIDER), and the NeoGuide Colonoscope. Additionally, platforms were reviewed which have not yet obtained FDA approval including MiroSurge, ViaCath System, SPORT™ Surgical System, SurgiBot, Versius Robotic System, Master and Slave Transluminal Endoscopic Robot, Verb Surgical, Miniature In Vivo Robot, and the Einstein Surgical Robot. CONCLUSIONS The use and demand for robotic medical and surgical platforms is increasing and new technologies are continually being developed. New technologies are increasingly implemented to improve on the capabilities of previously established systems. Future studies are needed to further evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of each robotic surgical device and platform in the operating suite.
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Goyal N, Funk E, Goldenberg D. Reply to Letter to the Editor regarding "Robotic or non-robotic transoral laryngectomy". Head Neck 2017; 40:214. [PMID: 29149475 DOI: 10.1002/hed.25010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Granell J, Fernandez-Fernandez M, Gutierrez-Fonseca R. Letter to the Editor regarding "Robotic or non-robotic transoral laryngectomy". Head Neck 2017; 40:213. [PMID: 29149536 DOI: 10.1002/hed.25006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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14
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Atallah S. Assessment of a flexible robotic system for endoluminal applications and transanal total mesorectal excision (taTME): Could this be the solution we have been searching for? Tech Coloproctol 2017; 21:809-814. [PMID: 29063220 DOI: 10.1007/s10151-017-1697-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Atallah
- Center for Colon and Rectal Surgery, Florida Hospital, Winter Park, FL, USA.
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