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Khalifa HAMI, Eleiwa NZH, Nazim HA. Royal Jelly, A Super Food, Protects Against Celecoxib-Induced Renal Toxicity in Adult Male Albino Rats. Can J Kidney Health Dis 2024; 11:20543581241235526. [PMID: 38476622 PMCID: PMC10929035 DOI: 10.1177/20543581241235526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Celecoxib is a COX-2 nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). It is widely used for the treatment of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis. Objective This study aimed to explore the effect of long-term administration of celecoxib on kidney of male albino rats, and to study the potential effect of treatment discontinuation on such tissues. The study also examined the alleged ameliorative effect of royal jelly (RJ). Methods Fifty, male albino rats were divided into 5 equal groups; 10 each. Group 1: rats received no drug (control group). Group 2: rats received celecoxib (50 mg/kg/day, orally for 30 successive days). Group 3: rats received celecoxib (50 mg/kg/day, orally) and royal jelly (300 mg/kg/day, orally) for 30 successive days. Group 4: rats received celecoxib for 30 successive days, then rats were left untreated for another 30 days. Group 5: rats received celecoxib and RJ for 30 successive days, then rats were left untreated for another 30 days. Results Long-term celecoxib administration caused significant elevation in kidney function tests, with ameliorative effects of RJ against celecoxib-induced renal toxicity. Conclusion Long-term celecoxib administration caused renal toxicity in male albino rats, with ameliorative effects of RJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham A M I Khalifa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Naglaa Z H Eleiwa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Heba A Nazim
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- Pharmacy Inspection, Egyptian Ministry of Health and Populations, Egyptian Drug Authority, Zagazig, Egypt
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Metformin Suppresses Thioacetamide-Induced Chronic Kidney Disease in Association with the Upregulation of AMPK and Downregulation of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation as Well as Dyslipidemia and Hypertension. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062756. [PMID: 36985728 PMCID: PMC10056045 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxic chemicals such as carbon tetrachloride and thioacetamide (TAA) are reported to induce hepato-nephrotoxicity. The potential protective outcome of the antidiabetic and pleiotropic drug metformin against TAA-induced chronic kidney disease in association with the modulation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), oxidative stress, inflammation, dyslipidemia, and systemic hypertension has not been investigated before. Therefore, 200 mg/kg TAA was injected (via the intraperitoneal route) in a model group of rats twice a week starting at week 3 for 8 weeks. The control rats were injected with the vehicle for the same period. The metformin-treated group received 200 mg/kg metformin daily for 10 weeks, beginning week 1, and received TAA injections with dosage and timing similar to those of the model group. All rats were culled at week 10. It was observed that TAA induced substantial renal injury, as demonstrated by significant kidney tissue damage and fibrosis, as well as augmented blood and kidney tissue levels of urea, creatinine, inflammation, oxidative stress, dyslipidemia, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1), and hypertension. TAA nephrotoxicity substantially inhibited the renal expression of phosphorylated AMPK. All these markers were significantly protected by metformin administration. In addition, a link between kidney fibrosis and these parameters was observed. Thus, metformin provides profound protection against TAA-induced kidney damage and fibrosis associated with the augmentation of the tissue protective enzyme AMPK and inhibition of oxidative stress, inflammation, the profibrogenic gene TIMP-1, dyslipidemia, and hypertension for a period of 10 weeks in rats.
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Iqbal MO, Yahya EB. In vivo assessment of reversing aminoglycoside antibiotics nephrotoxicity using Jatropha mollissima crude extract. Tissue Cell 2021; 72:101525. [PMID: 33780659 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Aminoglycoside antibiotics are widely employed clinically due to their powerful bactericidal activities, less bacterial resistance compared to beta lactam group and low cost. However, their use has been limited in recent years due to their potential induction of nephrotoxicity. Here we investigate the possibility of reversing nephrotoxicity caused by gentamicin in rat models by using ethanolic crude extract of the medicinal plant Jatropha Mollissima. Nephrotoxic male Wistar rats was obtained by gentamicin antibiotic, which then treated with two doses of J. mollissima crude extract for 3 weeks with monitoring their parameter in weekly base. Our results indicate that J. mollissima crude extract at both doses has strong protection ability against gentamicin nephrotoxicity, most of tested parameters backed to normal values after few days from the administration of the crude extract, which could be due to the antagonized the biochemical action of gentamicin on the proximal tubules of the kidney. The results of histopathologic analysis showed observable improvement in J. mollissima treated groups compared with untreated groups. Our findings suggests the J. mollissima has exceptional nephron protection potentials able to reverse the nephrotoxicity caused by gentamicin antibiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Omer Iqbal
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China
| | - Esam Bashir Yahya
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, 11800, Malaysia.
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Management of Cirrhotic Ascites under the Add-on Administration of Tolvaptan. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115582. [PMID: 34070416 PMCID: PMC8197450 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tolvaptan is a recently available diuretic that blocks arginine vasopressin receptor 2 in the renal collecting duct. Its diuretic mechanism involves selective water reabsorption by affecting the water reabsorption receptor aquaporin 2. Given that liver cirrhosis patients exhibit hyponatremia due to their pseudo-aldosteronism and usage of natriuretic agents, a sodium maintaining agent, such as tolvaptan, is physiologically preferable. However, large scale studies indicating the patients for whom this would be effective and describing management under its use have been insufficient. The appropriate management of cirrhosis patients treated with tolvaptan should be investigated. In the present review, we collected articles investigating the effectiveness of tolvaptan and factors associated with survival and summarized their management reports. Earlier administration of tolvaptan before increasing the doses of natriuretic agents is recommended because this may preserve effective arterial blood volume.
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Insights into hepatic and renal FXR/DDAH-1/eNOS pathway and its role in the potential benefit of rosuvastatin and silymarin in hepatic nephropathy. Exp Mol Pathol 2018; 105:293-310. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Wang DL, Dai WY, Wang W, Wen Y, Zhou Y, Zhao YT, Wu J, Liu P. Interfering RNA against PKC-α inhibits TNF-α-induced IP 3R1 expression and improves glomerular filtration rate in rats with fulminant hepatic failure. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 314:F942-F955. [PMID: 29357415 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00433.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We have reported that tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is critical for reduction of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in rats with fulminant hepatic failure (FHF). The present study aims to evaluate the underlying mechanisms of decreased GFR during acute hepatic failure. Rats with FHF induced by d-galactosamine plus lipopolysaccharide (GalN/LPS) were injected intravenously with recombinant lentivirus harboring short hairpin RNA against the protein kinase C-α ( PKC-α) gene (Lenti-shRNA-PKC-α). GFR, serum levels of aminotransferases, creatinine, urea nitrogen, potassium, sodium, chloride, TNF-α, and endothelin-1 (ET-1), as well as type 1 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R1) expression in renal tissue were assessed. The effects of PKC-α silencing on TNF-α-induced IP3R1, specificity protein 1 (SP-1), and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) expression, as well as cytosolic calcium content were determined in glomerular mesangial cell (GMCs) with RNAi against PKC-α. Renal IP3R1 overexpression was abrogated by pre-treatment with Lenti-shRNA-PKC-α. The PKC-α silence significantly improved the compromised GFR, reduced Cr levels, and reversed the decrease in glomerular inulin space and the increase in glomerular calcium content in GalN/LPS-exposed rats. TNF-α treatment increased expression of PKC-α, IP3R1, specificity protein 1 (SP-1), JNK, and p-JNK in GMCs and increased Ca2 + release and binding activity of SP-1 to the IP3R1 promoter. These effects were blocked by transfection of siRNA against the PKC-α gene, and the PKC-α gene silence also restored cytosolic Ca2+ concentration. RNAi targeting PKC-α inhibited TNF-α-induced IP3R1 overexpression and in turn improved compromised GFR in the development of acute kidney injury during FHF in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Lei Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Ying Dai
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Tong Zhao
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University , Shanghai , China.,Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Pei Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.,The Institute of liver diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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Amirtharaj GJ, Natarajan SK, Pulimood A, Balasubramanian KA, Venkatraman A, Ramachandran A. Role of Oxygen Free Radicals, Nitric Oxide and Mitochondria in Mediating Cardiac Alterations During Liver Cirrhosis Induced by Thioacetamide. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2017; 17:175-184. [PMID: 27131982 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-016-9371-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Thioacetamide (TAA) administration is widely used for induction of liver cirrhosis in rats, where reactive oxygen radicals (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) participate in development of liver damage. Cardiac dysfunction is an important complication of liver cirrhosis, but the role of ROS or NO in cardiac abnormalities during liver cirrhosis is not well understood. This was investigated in animals after TAA-induced liver cirrhosis and temporal changes in oxidative stress, NO and mitochondrial function in the heart evaluated. TAA induced elevation in cardiac levels of nitrate before development of frank liver cirrhosis, without gross histological alterations. This was accompanied by an early induction of P38 MAP kinase, which is influenced by ROS and plays an important signaling role for induction of iNOS. Increased nitrotyrosine, protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation in the heart and cardiac mitochondria, suggestive of oxidative stress, also preceded frank liver cirrhosis. However, compromised cardiac mitochondrial function with a decrease in respiratory control ratio and increased mitochondrial swelling was seen later, when cirrhosis was evident. In conclusion, TAA induces elevations in ROS and NO in the heart in parallel to early liver damage. This leads to later development of functional deficits in cardiac mitochondria after development of liver cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Jayakumar Amirtharaj
- The Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory, Division of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Ida Scudder Road, Vellore, 632004, India
| | - Sathish Kumar Natarajan
- The Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory, Division of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Ida Scudder Road, Vellore, 632004, India
| | - Anna Pulimood
- The Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory, Division of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Ida Scudder Road, Vellore, 632004, India
| | - K A Balasubramanian
- The Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory, Division of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Ida Scudder Road, Vellore, 632004, India
| | - Aparna Venkatraman
- Center for Stem Cell Research, Christian Medical College, Ida Scudder Road, Vellore, 632004, India
| | - Anup Ramachandran
- The Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory, Division of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Ida Scudder Road, Vellore, 632004, India.
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An Attempt to Establish a Common Animal Model for Hepatorenal Fibrosis in Rats. PATHOLOGY RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:8260508. [PMID: 28835866 PMCID: PMC5556604 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8260508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
It is already a proven fact that there exists a relationship between CLD (chronic liver disease) and kidney disease but still there is no available combined animal model of liver and kidney fibrosis on the same animal. An animal model is one of the important research tools in the field of medical science because it is important to build a model that can simulate the disease condition so that the particular disease can be studied. Therefore, the aim of this study is to build a less expensive, less time consuming, and reproducible model of hepatorenal fibrosis on rats. We administered combined intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 (Carbon Tetrachloride) and BSA (Bovine Serum Albumin) on a female Wistar rats. At the end, the liver and kidney tissues were examined under microscope to see whether we were successful in establishing the model or not. The results show that liver fibrosis was marked but the changes on the kidneys were mild. In this study, we were able to induce significant fibrosis in the liver and early stages of fibrosis in the kidneys. The result also demonstrated that the addition of BSA conferred a liver protective effect against CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity, whereas combination of CCl4 and BSA proved to be detrimental for kidneys.
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Wu YHS, Tseng JK, Chou CH, Chiu CH, Lin YL, Chen YC. Preventive effects of Ophiocordyceps sinensis mycelium on the liver fibrosis induced by thioacetamide. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:1792-1800. [PMID: 28181416 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Thioacetamide (TAA), usually used as a fungicide to control the decay of citrus products, itself is not toxic to the liver, but its intermediates are able to increase oxidative stress in livers and further cause fibrosis. Ophiocordyceps sinensis mycelium (OSM) which contains 10% polysaccharides and 0.25% adenosine decreased (P < 0.05) the lipid accumulation and increased (P < 0.05) antioxidative capacity in livers of thioacetamide (TAA) injected rats. Meanwhile, the increased (P < 0.05) liver sizes, serum alanine transaminase (AST) and aspartate transaminase (ALT) values in thioacetamide (TAA)-injected rats were ameliorated (P < 0.05) by OSM supplementation. Moreover, the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, such as the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), were also reduced (P < 0.05). The fibrosis phenomena in pathological (Masson's trichrome and H&E stainings) and immunohistochemical [α-smooth actin (αSMA) and CD86/ED1] observations in TAA-treated rats were reduced (P < 0.05) by OSM cotreatment. The protective effect of OSM against TAA-induced liver inflammation/fibrosis may be via downregulations (P < 0.05) of TGF-β pathways and NFκB which further influenced (P < 0.05) the expressions of fibrotic and inflammatory genes (i. e., αSMA, Col1α, COX2). Therefore, OSM shows preventive effects on the development of TAA-induced hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsieng Samuel Wu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Kai Tseng
- Department of Optometry, Asia University, Taichung, 413, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsi Chou
- School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
- Zoonoses Research Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsien Chiu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Lin
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Chen
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
- Zoonoses Research Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
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Ghosh S, Sarkar A, Bhattacharyya S, Sil PC. Silymarin Protects Mouse Liver and Kidney from Thioacetamide Induced Toxicity by Scavenging Reactive Oxygen Species and Activating PI3K-Akt Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:481. [PMID: 28018219 PMCID: PMC5156955 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Silymarin (SMN) has been shown to possess a wide range of biological and pharmacological effects. Besides, SMN has antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities. Thioacetamide (TAA) is a well-documented liver toxin that requires oxidative bioactivation to elicit its hepatotoxic effect which ultimately modifies amine-lipids and proteins. Our study has been designed in a TAA exposed mouse model to investigate whether SMN could protect TAA-induced oxidative stress mediated hepatic and renal damage. Results suggest that TAA generated reactive oxygen species (ROS), caused oxidative stress and induced apoptosis in the liver and kidney cells via JNK as well as PKC and MAPKs signaling. All these detrimental effects of TAA could, however, be suppressed by SMN which not only scavenged ROS but also induced PI3K-Akt cell survival pathway in the liver and prevented apoptotic pathways in both the organs. Histological studies, collagen staining and DNA fragmentation analysis also supported our results. Combining, we say that SMN possess beneficial role against TAA mediated hepatic and renal pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shatadal Ghosh
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute Kolkata, India
| | - Abhijit Sarkar
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute Kolkata, India
| | | | - Parames C Sil
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute Kolkata, India
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Kim KT, Lee D, Seo YK, Kim SY. The Effects of CCl4on the Expressions of Aquaporin and Superoxide Dismutase in the Kidney of the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.11637/kjpa.2015.28.2.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Tae Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Korea
| | - Doohwan Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Korea
| | - Youn Kyoung Seo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Korea
| | - Shin Young Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Korea
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Fazal Y, Fatima SN, Shahid SM, Mahboob T. Effects of curcumin on angiotensin-converting enzyme gene expression, oxidative stress and anti-oxidant status in thioacetamide-induced hepatotoxicity. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2014; 16:1046-51. [DOI: 10.1177/1470320314545777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yumna Fazal
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Syed Muhammad Shahid
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Tabassum Mahboob
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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Wang JB, Wang DL, Wang HT, Wang ZH, Wen Y, Sun CM, Zhao YT, Wu J, Liu P. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced reduction of glomerular filtration rate in rats with fulminant hepatic failure. J Transl Med 2014; 94:740-51. [PMID: 24887412 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2014.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of renal failure during fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) or end-stage of liver disease is not fully understood. The present study aims to delineate the mechanisms of decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in acute hepatic failure. A rat model of renal insufficiency in severe liver injury was established by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus D-galactosamine (GalN) exposure. GFR was evaluated by continuous infusion of fluorescein isothiocyanate-inulin with implanted micro-osmotic pumps. GalN/LPS intoxication resulted in severe hepatocyte toxicity as evidenced by liver histology and biochemical tests, whereas renal morphology remained normal. GFR was reduced by 33% of the controls 12 h after GalN/LPS exposure, accompanied with a decreased serum sodium levels, a marked increase in serum TNF-α and ET-1 levels as well as significantly upregulated renal type 1 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R1) expression. The upregulated IP3R1 expression was abrogated by the treatment of anti-TNF-α antibodies, but not by 2-aminoethoxydiphenylborate (2-APB), which blocks the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate signaling pathway. Treatments with either TNF-α antibodies or 2-APB also significantly improved the compromised GFR, elevated serum urea nitrogen and creatinine levels, and reversed the decrease in glomerular inulin space and the increase in glomerular calcium content in GalN/LPS-exposed rats. The extent of acute liver injury as reflected by serum ALT levels was much more attenuated by anti-TNF-α antibodies than by 2-APB. Liver histology further confirmed that anti-TNF-α antibodies conferred better protection than 2-APB in GalN/LPS-exposed rats. LPS-elicited TNF-α over-production is responsible for decreased GFR through IP3R1 overexpression, and the compromised GFR resulted in the development of acute renal failure in rats with FHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Bo Wang
- 1] Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang City, People's Republic of China [2] Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Sixth People's Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang City, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Lei Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang City, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Tao Wang
- Division of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Department of Surgery, The Affiliated Shenzhou Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang City, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Han Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang City, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang City, People's Republic of China
| | - Cui-Ming Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang City, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Tong Zhao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Sixth People's Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang City, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wu
- 1] Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA [2] Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Fudan University College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang City, People's Republic of China
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Ali Hussei S, A. Ragab O, A. El-Eshm M. Renoprotective Effect of Dietary Fish Oil on Cyclosporine A: Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.3923/ajb.2014.71.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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15
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Chang IY, Yoon SP. The changes of calretinin immunoreactivity in paraquat-induced nephrotoxic rats. Acta Histochem 2012; 114:836-41. [PMID: 22464403 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2012.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Revised: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Calcium-binding proteins are present in the kidneys: calbindin D-28k in the distal tubules and calretinin in the proximal tubules. Since paraquat causes degeneration in the brush border-bearing proximal tubule cells in rat kidneys, we investigated the changes of calretinin immunoreactivity in the proximal tubule cells of paraquat-induced nephrotoxicity in experimental male Sprague-Dawley rats following chitosan oligosaccharide pretreatment to investigate its protective properties. Paraquat (60 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally with or without chitosan oligosaccharide (500 mg/kg, p.o.) pretreatment. The changes on calretinin were compared with those of calbindin D-28k by immunohistochemistry and Western Blot analysis. Calretinin was immunolocalized on the apical surface of proximal tubule cells in the deeper cortex of normal kidney, and disappeared after paraquat administration with minor changes of calbindin D-28k immunoreactivity in the distal tubules and collecting ducts. Chitosan oligosaccharide pretreatment caused increased expression of calretinin and calbindin D-28k before paraquat injection and helped preserve proximal tubules after paraquat treatment. However, Western blot analysis on calretinin and calbindin D-28k could not explain the degeneration of the proximal tubule cells in paraquat-induced nephrotoxicity. These findings suggested that calretinin is a possible and more useful histopathological marker for proximal tubule cells in paraquat-induced nephrotoxic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Youb Chang
- Korean DNA Repair Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Makni M, Chtourou Y, Garoui EM, Boudawara T, Fetoui H. Carbon tetrachloride-induced nephrotoxicity and DNA damage in rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2012; 31:844-52. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327111429140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the protective effects of vanillin were evaluated against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced kidney damages in Wistar albino rats. CCl4 (1 ml/kg, intraperitoneally [i.p.]) caused a significant induction of renal disorder, oxidative damage and DNA fragmentation as evidenced by increased plasma creatinine, urea and uric acid levels, increased lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde [MDA]) and protein carbonyl. Furthermore, glutathione levels, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione transferase and glutathione peroxidase activities were significantly decreased. A smear without ladder formation on agarose gel was also shown, indicating random DNA degradation. Pretreatment of rats with vanillin (150 mg/kg/day, i.p.), for 3 consecutive days before CCl4 injection, protected kidney against the increase of MDA and degradation of membrane proteins compared to CCl4-treated rats and exhibited marked prevention against CCl4-induced nephropathology, oxidative stress and DNA damage. Kidney histological sections showed glomerular hypertrophy and tubular dilatation in CCl4-treated rats, however, in vanillin pretreated rats, these histopathological changes were less important and present a similar structure to that of control rats. These data indicated the protective role of vanillin against CCl4-induced nephrotoxicity and suggested its significant contribution of these beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Makni
- Animal Physiology Laboratory, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Food Processing Department, ISET, Sidi Bouzid, Tunisia
| | - Y Chtourou
- Animal Physiology Laboratory, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - EM Garoui
- Animal Physiology Laboratory, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - T Boudawara
- Histopathology Laboratory, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - H Fetoui
- Animal Physiology Laboratory, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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Hamed MA, Ali SA, El-Rigal NS. Therapeutic potential of ginger against renal injury induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats. ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:840421. [PMID: 22566780 PMCID: PMC3329925 DOI: 10.1100/2012/840421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of successive ginger extracts (petroleum ether, chloroform, and ethanol) against nephrotoxicity induced by CCl(4) in rats. The evaluation was done through measuring kidney antioxidant parameters: glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxides (LPO), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Renal function test: urea, creatinine and serum protein values, were also evaluated. The work was extended to examine tissue inflammatory mediators, prostaglandin-E(2) (PGE(2)), collagen content and the kidney histopathology. Severe alterations in all biomarkers were observed after injury with CCl(4). Treatment with ginger extracts resulted in markedly decreased levels of LPO, PGE(2), collagen and kidney function tests, while increased levels of GSH, SOD and serum protein were observed. In conclusion, extracts of ginger, particularly the ethanol, resulted in an attractive candidate for the treatment of nephropathy induced by CCl(4) through scavenging free radicals, improved kidney functions, inhibition of inflammatory mediators, and normalizing the kidney histopathological architecture. Further studies are required in order to identify the molecules responsible of the pharmacological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal A Hamed
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, National Research Center, Dokki 12311, Cairo, Egypt.
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Kang KY, Kim JN, Chang IY, Park SH, Yoon SP. Calretinin immunoreactivity in normal and carbon tetrachloride-induced nephrotoxic rats. Acta Histochem 2011; 113:712-6. [PMID: 20947139 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2010.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Revised: 09/12/2010] [Accepted: 09/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) is a potent hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic chemical. Little, however, is known about the association of CCl(4)-induced nephrotoxicity and calretinin. We hypothesized that calretinin might be localized in the proximal tubule cells and play a role against CCl(4)-induced nephrotoxicity, since the target of CCl(4) is the brush border-bearing tubule cells. CCl(4) (1 ml/kg) was administrated by oral gavage to 8-week old male Sprague-Dawley rats once a week for 4 weeks. A significant increase in serum blood urea nitrogen and creatinine was confirmed by serum analysis. Calretinin immunolocalization was compared with the calbindin D-28k immunoreactivity in normal and CCl(4)-treated kidneys. Calretinin was clearly immunolocalized in the apical surface of proximal convoluted tubule in the deeper cortex of normal kidney and blurred after CCl(4) administration, with only minor changes of calbindin D-28k immunoreactivity in the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts, irrelevant to the CCl(4) treatment. These findings might have significance since decreased immunolocalization of calretinin with CCl(4)-induced nephrotoxicity may contribute to the toxicity-related decrease in calcium transport or calcium buffering activity in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Young Kang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Seonam University, Namwon, Republic of Korea
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Hao H, Zhang L, Jiang S, Sun S, Gong P, Xie Y, Zhou X, Wang G. Thioacetamide intoxication triggers transcriptional up-regulation but enzyme inactivation of UDP-glucuronosyltransferases. Drug Metab Dispos 2011; 39:1815-22. [PMID: 21733883 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.111.039172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Thioacetamide (TAA) is a potent hepatotoxicant and has been widely used to develop experimental liver fibrosis/cirrhosis models. Although the liver toxicity of TAA has been extensively studied, little is known about its potential influence on UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) associated with the development of liver fibrosis. The study presented here aimed to uncover the regulation patterns of UGTs in TAA-induced liver fibrosis of rats. Potential counteracting effects of hepatoprotective agents were also determined. TAA treatment for 8 weeks induced a significant transcriptional up-regulation of the major UGT isoforms, including UGT1A1, UGT1A6, and UGT2B1, accompanied with the dramatic elevations of most typical serum biomarkers of liver function and fibrosis scores. Upon TAA intoxication, the mRNA and protein levels of the major UGT isoforms were increased to 1.5- to 2.5-fold and 2.5- to 3.3-fold of that of the normal control, respectively. The hepatoprotective agents Schisandra spp. lignans extract and dimethyl diphenyl bicarboxylate could largely abolish TAA-induced up-regulation of all three UGT isoforms. However, enzyme activities of UGTs remained unchanged after TAA treatment. The dissociation of protein expression and enzyme activity could possibly be attributed to the inactivating effects of TAA, upon a NADPH-dependent bioactivation, on UGTs. This study suggests that the transcriptional up-regulation of UGTs may be an alternative mechanism of their preserved activities in liver fibrosis/cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Andraus W, Souza GFPD, Oliveira MGD, Haddad LBP, Coelho AMM, Galvão FH, Leitão RMC, D'Albuquerque LAC, Machado MCC. S-nitroso-N-acetylcysteine ameliorates ischemia-reperfusion injury in the steatotic liver. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2010; 65:715-21. [PMID: 20668630 PMCID: PMC2910861 DOI: 10.1590/s1807-59322010000700011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2010] [Revised: 03/30/2010] [Accepted: 04/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Steatosis is currently the most common chronic liver disease and it can aggravate ischemia-reperfusion (IR) lesions. We hypothesized that S-nitroso-N-acetylcysteine (SNAC), an NO donor component, can ameliorate cell damage from IR injury. In this paper, we report the effect of SNAC on liver IR in rats with normal livers compared to those with steatotic livers. METHODS Thirty-four rats were divided into five groups: I (n=8), IR in normal liver; II (n=8), IR in normal liver with SNAC; III (n=9), IR in steatotic liver; IV (n=9), IR in steatotic liver with SNAC; and V (n=10), SHAN. Liver steatosis was achieved by administration of a protein-free diet. A SNAC solution was infused intraperitoneally for one hour, beginning 30 min. after partial (70%) liver ischemia. The volume of solution infused was 1 ml/100 g body weight. The animals were sacrificed four hours after reperfusion, and the liver and lung were removed for analysis. We assessed hepatic histology, mitochondrial respiration, oxidative stress (MDA), and pulmonary myeloperoxidase. RESULTS All groups showed significant alterations compared with the group that received SHAN. The results from the steatotic SNAC group revealed a significant improvement in liver mitochondrial respiration and oxidative stress compared to the steatotic group without SNAC. No difference in myeloperoxidase was observed. Histological analysis revealed no difference between the non-steatotic groups. However, the SNAC groups showed less intraparenchymal hemorrhage than groups without SNAC (p=0.02). CONCLUSION This study suggests that SNAC effectively protects against IR injury in the steatotic liver but not in the normal liver.
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Carreño FR, Ji LL, Cunningham JT. Altered central TRPV4 expression and lipid raft association related to inappropriate vasopressin secretion in cirrhotic rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2008; 296:R454-66. [PMID: 19091909 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.90460.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Inappropriate vasopressin (AVP) release causes dilutional hyponatremia in many pathophysiological states such as cirrhosis. The central molecular mechanisms that mediate inappropriate AVP release are unknown. We tested the hypothesis that changes in the expression or trafficking of TRPV4 in the central nervous system may contribute to inappropriate AVP release in the bile duct ligation (BDL) model of cirrhosis in the rat. Four weeks after surgery, BDL rats demonstrated significantly increased plasma vasopressin and plasma renin activity (PRA), hypervolemia, and decreased plasma osmolality. These effects were blocked by providing BDL rats with 2% saline to drink for 15 days. TRPV4 protein expression was significantly increased in brain punches from BDL rats containing the supraoptic nucleus (SON) of the hypothalamus (100% +/- 11 to 157% +/- 4.8), and this effect was blocked in BDL rats given saline. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated a significant increase in TRPV4-positive cells and the percentage of AVP neurons that also were TRPV4-positive in the SON of BDL rats. In the hypothalamus of BDL rats, TRPV4 lipid raft association increased compared with sham (from 100% +/- 2.1 to 326.1% +/- 16). This effect was significantly attenuated in BDL rats given 2% saline to drink (174% +/- 11). In the brain stem, TRPV4 lipid raft association was reduced by BDL and inversely related to plasma AVP and PRA. We speculate that changes in TRPV4 expression and compartmentalization within lipid rafts could contribute to a feed-forward mechanism related to AVP release in cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Regina Carreño
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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Gupta S, Sarotra P, Aggarwal R, Dutta N, Agnihotri N. Role of oxidative stress in celecoxib-induced renal damage in wistar rats. Dig Dis Sci 2007; 52:3092-8. [PMID: 17401685 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-007-9788-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2006] [Accepted: 01/18/2007] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Celecoxib, a selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 (Cox-2) inhibitor, prevents the formation of prostaglandins, responsible for maintenance of renal function. Celecoxib administration may lead to renal damage. Since free radicals and antioxidant mechanisms play a significant role in renal injury; this study was designed to evaluate the role of oxidative stress in celecoxib-induced renal damage. The administration of celecoxib resulted in moderate and mild tubulointerstitial nephritis in chronic and acute group. The renal function tests were significantly altered only in the chronic group. The results in both the acute and the chronic group showed (1) a significant increase in the lipid peroxidation and in the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione-S-transferase and (2) a decrease in nitrite, reactive thiols and glutathione. In conclusion, our study suggests that chronic administration of celecoxib may have a damaging effect on kidney, as evident through altered histopathology and renal functions. This damage may be mediated by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Portal hypertension is responsible for most of the complications associated with cirrhosis, specifically variceal hemorrhage, ascites and hepatic encephalopathy. Progress in understanding the pathophysiology of portal hypertension and improvements in the diagnosis and management of its complications that have occurred over the last year are discussed. RECENT FINDINGS Endothelial dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of portal hypertension and may represent a novel therapeutic target. Hepatic venous pressure gradient measurements, when properly performed, are useful in the management of patients with cirrhosis. Hyponatremia in cirrhosis has prognostic value and novel aquaretic and other agents may provide alternative approaches to the management of chronic liver disease. The mechanisms for bacterial translocation in cirrhosis that predisposes patients to infectious complications, such as spontaneous bacterial peritionitis, are being explored. Adrenal insufficiency is common in septic patients with advanced cirrhosis and corticosteroids may provide a survival benefit. Pulmonary disease complicates the management of patients with advanced liver disease. SUMMARY Significant advances continue to be made in the diagnosis and management of the complications of portal hypertension in the face of an increasing burden of chronic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres T Blei
- Division of Hepatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.
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