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Zhang W, Wang H, Chen S, Fan X, Liu Y, Shi S, Wang R. Reactivation of methylation-silenced PAX1 inhibits cervical cancer proliferation and migration via the WNT/TIMELESS pathway. Mol Carcinog 2024; 63:1349-1361. [PMID: 38712797 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Although aberrant methylation of PAX1 is closely associated with cervical cancer (CC), PAX1 methylation (PAX1m) and its role in CC remain to be elucidated. Here, we clarified the biological function of PAX1 in CC. First, PAX1m in ThinPrep cytologic test samples was measured via quantitative methylation-specific PCR. The results showed that PAX1 promoter methylation levels were significantly increased in CC patients (p < 0.001). We also found that PAX1 promoter methylation levels were positively correlated with tumor purity but negatively correlated with immune-infiltration via public databases. Then, CRISPR-based methylation perturbation tools (dCas9-Tet1) were constructed to further demonstrate that DNA methylation participates in the regulation of PAX1 expression directly. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments were used to show that PAX1 overexpression restrained proliferation, migration and improved cisplatin sensitivity by interfering with the WNT/TIMELESS axis in CC cells. Additionally, Co-immunoprecipitation assays further confirmed the interaction between PAX1 and TCF7L2. Taken together, our results suggested that a tumor suppressor role of PAX1 in CC and that CRISPR-based PAX1 demethylation editing might be a promising therapeutic strategy for CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfan Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Tianjin Medical Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huixi Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Tianjin Medical Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xueting Fan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Tianjin Medical Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuqing Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Tianjin Medical Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shujuan Shi
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Tianjin Medical Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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2
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Jiang J, Wang Y, Sun M, Luo X, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Li S, Hu D, Zhang J, Wu Z, Chen X, Zhang B, Xu X, Wang S, Xu S, Huang W, Xia L. SOX on tumors, a comfort or a constraint? Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:67. [PMID: 38331879 PMCID: PMC10853543 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01834-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The sex-determining region Y (SRY)-related high-mobility group (HMG) box (SOX) family, composed of 20 transcription factors, is a conserved family with a highly homologous HMG domain. Due to their crucial role in determining cell fate, the dysregulation of SOX family members is closely associated with tumorigenesis, including tumor invasion, metastasis, proliferation, apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, stemness and drug resistance. Despite considerable research to investigate the mechanisms and functions of the SOX family, confusion remains regarding aspects such as the role of the SOX family in tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and contradictory impacts the SOX family exerts on tumors. This review summarizes the physiological function of the SOX family and their multiple roles in tumors, with a focus on the relationship between the SOX family and TIME, aiming to propose their potential role in cancer and promising methods for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqing Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yufei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Mengyu Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiangyuan Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zerui Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yijun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Siwen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Dian Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jiaqian Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhangfan Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases; Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Clinical Medicine Research Center for Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Bixiang Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases; Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Clinical Medicine Research Center for Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Westlake university school of medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Shengjun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Wenjie Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases; Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Clinical Medicine Research Center for Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
| | - Limin Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China.
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3
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Bode AM, Zhang T. Recent Advances in Carcinogenesis Transcription Factors: Biomarkers and Targeted Therapies. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4673. [PMID: 37835367 PMCID: PMC10571516 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Carcinogenesis, the process by which normal cells transform into cancer cells, is complex and multifaceted [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M. Bode
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - Tianshun Zhang
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA
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4
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Lei XX, Wang SL, Xia Y, Yan M, He B, Wang B, Long ZJ, Liu Q. SOX1 acts as a tumor hypnotist rendering nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells refractory to chemotherapy. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:194. [PMID: 37369660 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01479-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
SOX1, a well-known tumor suppressor, delays malignant progression in most cancer types. However, high expression of SOX1 in late-stage head and neck squamous cell carcinoma leads to poor prognosis. In this study, we show that SOX1 induces nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells to enter a quiescent state. Using a model that mimics therapeutic resistance and tumor recurrence, a subpopulation of SOX1-induced NPC cells is refractory to paclitaxel, a cell cycle-specific chemotherapy drug. These cells maintain a quiescent state with decreased translational activity and down-regulated cell growth potential. However, once SOX1 expression is decreased, the NPC cells recover and enter a proliferative state. The chemotherapy resistance induced by SOX1 can not pass to next generation, as the cells that undergo re-proliferation become sensitive to paclitaxel again. Moreover, SOX1 directly binds to the promoter region of the MYC gene, leading to transcriptional suppression. When switching to a paclitaxel-free culture environment, the cells with decreased levels of SOX1 re-express MYC, resulting in increased abundance of proliferative cancer cells. Our study presents an evolutionary trade-off between tumor growth and chemoresistance orchestrated by SOX1-MYC in NPC. Basing on the dynamic role of SOX1 in different stages of cancer development, SOX1 would be regarded as a "tumor hypnotist".
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Xing Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Lan Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Ying Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Min Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Bin He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, P. R. China.
| | - Zi-Jie Long
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, P. R. China.
| | - Quentin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, P. R. China.
- Department of Oncology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, P. R. China.
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5
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Chang SY, Wu TH, Shih YL, Chen YC, Su HY, Chian CF, Lin YW. SOX1 Functions as a Tumor Suppressor by Repressing HES1 in Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082207. [PMID: 37190139 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of lung cancer is a complex process that involves many genetic and epigenetic changes. Sex-determining region Y (SRY)-box (SOX) genes encode a family of proteins that are involved in the regulation of embryonic development and cell fate determination. SOX1 is hypermethylated in human cancers. However, the role of SOX1 in the development of lung cancer is unclear. We used quantitative methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP), quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis, and web tools to confirm the frequent epigenetic silencing of SOX1 in lung cancer. Stable overexpression of SOX1 repressed cell proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, and invasion in vitro as well as cancer growth and metastasis in a xenograft mouse model. Knockdown of SOX1 by the withdrawal of doxycycline partly restored the malignant phenotype of inducible SOX1-expressing NSCLC cells. Next, we discovered the potential downstream pathways of SOX1 using RNA-seq analysis and identified HES1 as a direct target of SOX1 using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-PCR. Furthermore, we performed phenotypic rescue experiments to prove that overexpression of HES1-FLAG in SOX1-expressing H1299 cells partly reversed the tumor-suppressive effect. Taken together, these data demonstrated that SOX1 acts as a tumor suppressor by directly inhibiting HES1 during the development of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Yueh Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Ti-Hui Wu
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lueng Shih
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chieh Chen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Her-Young Su
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Feng Chian
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
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6
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Small Molecule Inhibitors for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Advances and Challenges. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175537. [PMID: 36080304 PMCID: PMC9457820 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
According to data provided by World Health Organization, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cause of deaths due to cancer worldwide. Tremendous progress has been achieved over the last 10 years developing novel agents for HCC treatment, including small-molecule kinase inhibitors. Several small molecule inhibitors currently form the core of HCC treatment due to their versatility since they would be more easily absorbed and have higher oral bioavailability, thus easier to formulate and administer to patients. In addition, they can be altered structurally to have greater volumes of distribution, allowing them to block extravascular molecular targets and to accumulate in a high concentration in the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, they can be designed to have shortened half-lives to control for immune-related adverse events. Most importantly, they would spare patients, healthcare institutions, and society as a whole from the burden of high drug costs. The present review provides an overview of the pharmaceutical compounds that are licensed for HCC treatment and other emerging compounds that are still investigated in preclinical and clinical trials. These molecules are targeting different molecular targets and pathways that are proven to be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease.
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7
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Jin X, Shao X, Pang W, Wang Z, Huang J. Sex-determining Region Y-box transcription factor 13 promotes breast cancer cell proliferation and glycolysis by activating the tripartite motif containing 11-mediated Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Bioengineered 2022; 13:13033-13044. [PMID: 35611828 PMCID: PMC9276007 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2073127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer among women and the second highest mortality in female across the world. Recent studies have illustrated that sex-determining region Y (SRY)-box protein (SOX) family plays essential roles in regulating various cancers. Nevertheless, the detailed effects of SOX13 on breast cancer are still uncovered. In our present study, SOX13 protein level was measured by using western blot assay in tissues and cells, and the results showed that SOX13 was upregulated in breast cancer tissues and cells compared with normal samples. Moreover, silencing SOX13 inhibited breast cancer cell viability, arrested cell cycle at G1/S phase and suppressed glycolysis, while overexpression of SOX13 reversed these events. Additionally, SOX13 knockdown reduced the level of proteins related to Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, whereas overexpression of tripartite motif containing 11 (TRM11) efficiently attenuated the effects, indicating that SOX13 controlled Wnt/β-catenin pathway depending on TRIM11. Furthermore, the data gained from xenograft tumor model illustrated that silencing SOX13 suppressed the tumor growth in nude mice and the glycolysis of tissues. In conclusion, our investigation illustrated that SOX13 facilitated breast cancer cell proliferation and glycolysis by modulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway affected via TRIM11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Jin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xuan Shao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wenyang Pang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhengyi Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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8
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Advance of SOX Transcription Factors in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: From Role, Tumor Immune Relevance to Targeted Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051165. [PMID: 35267473 PMCID: PMC8909699 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the deadliest human health burdens worldwide. However, the molecular mechanism of HCC development is still not fully understood. Sex determining region Y-related high-mobility group box (SOX) transcription factors not only play pivotal roles in cell fate decisions during development but also participate in the initiation and progression of cancer. Given the significance of SOX factors in cancer and their ‘undruggable’ properties, we summarize the role and molecular mechanism of SOX family members in HCC and the regulatory effect of SOX factors in the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) of various cancers. For the first time, we analyze the association between the levels of SOX factors and that of immune components in HCC, providing clues to the pivotal role of SOX factors in the TIME of HCC. We also discuss the opportunities and challenges of targeting SOX factors for cancer. Abstract Sex determining region Y (SRY)-related high-mobility group (HMG) box (SOX) factors belong to an evolutionarily conserved family of transcription factors that play essential roles in cell fate decisions involving numerous developmental processes. In recent years, the significance of SOX factors in the initiation and progression of cancers has been gradually revealed, and they act as potential therapeutic targets for cancer. However, the research involving SOX factors is still preliminary, given that their effects in some leading-edge fields such as tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) remain obscure. More importantly, as a class of ‘undruggable’ molecules, targeting SOX factors still face considerable challenges in achieving clinical translation. Here, we mainly focus on the roles and regulatory mechanisms of SOX family members in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the fatal human health burdens worldwide. We then detail the role of SOX members in remodeling TIME and analyze the association between SOX members and immune components in HCC for the first time. In addition, we emphasize several alternative strategies involved in the translational advances of SOX members in cancer. Finally, we discuss the alternative strategies of targeting SOX family for cancer and propose the opportunities and challenges they face based on the current accumulated studies and our understanding.
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9
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Wang D, Xiong F, Wu G, Liu W, Wang B, Chen Y. MiR-155-5p suppresses SOX1 to promote proliferation of cholangiocarcinoma via RAF/MEK/ERK pathway. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:656. [PMID: 34876142 PMCID: PMC8650398 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02374-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulating evidence has demonstrated the close relation of SOX1 with tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Upregulation of SOX1 was recently shown to suppress growth of human cancers. However, the expression and role of SOX1 in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is not well characterized. Methods Expression levels of SOX1 in CCA tissues and normal bile duct tissues were examined using public GEO database. Western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to confirm the expression levels. Cell proliferation assay (CCK-8) and colony formation assay were performed to assess proliferation of CCA cells. A mouse model of subcutaneous transplantable tumors was used to evaluated proliferation of CCA in vivo. The putative regulating factor of SOX1 were determined using Targetscan and dual-luciferase reporter assay. Results SOX1 was downregulated in CCA tissues. Overexpression of SOX1 significantly inhibited cell proliferation in vitro and suppressed tumor growth in vivo. miR-155-5p directly targeted the 3′-untranslated region (3′UTR) of SOX1 and inhibited expression of SOX1, resulting in the activation of RAF, MEK and ERK phosphorylation, and thus CCA proliferation. However, restoration of SOX1 expression in miR-155-5p overexpressing cell lines decreased the phosphorylation level of RAF, MEK and ERK, as well as the proliferation of CCA cells. Conclusion MiR-155-5p decreased the expression of SOX1 by binding to its 3′UTR, which activated the RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway and promoted CCA progression. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-021-02374-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Wang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang avenue 1095, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of General Surgery, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Xiong
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang avenue 1095, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Guanhua Wu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang avenue 1095, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wenzheng Liu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang avenue 1095, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang avenue 1095, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Yongjun Chen
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang avenue 1095, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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10
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Li HJ, Ke FY, Lin CC, Lu MY, Kuo YH, Wang YP, Liang KH, Lin SC, Chang YH, Chen HY, Yang PC, Wu HC. ENO1 Promotes Lung Cancer Metastasis via HGFR and WNT Signaling-Driven Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition. Cancer Res 2021; 81:4094-4109. [PMID: 34145039 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-3543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
ENO1 (α-enolase) expression is significantly correlated with reduced survival and poor prognosis in many cancer types, including lung cancer. However, the function of ENO1 in carcinogenesis remains elusive. In this study, we found that high expression of ENO1 is present in metastatic lung cancer cell lines and malignant tumors and is associated with poor overall survival of patients with lung cancer. Knockdown of ENO1 decreased cancer cell proliferation and invasiveness, whereas overexpression of ENO1 enhanced these processes. Moreover, ENO1 expression promoted tumor growth in orthotopic models and enhanced lung tumor metastasis in tail-vein injection models. These effects were mediated by upregulation of mesenchymal markers N-cadherin and vimentin and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition regulator SLUG, along with concurrent downregulation of E-cadherin. Mechanistically, ENO1 interacted with hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGFR) and activated HGFR and Wnt signaling via increased phosphorylation of HGFR and the Wnt coreceptor LRP5/6. Activation of these signaling axes decreased GSK3β activity via Src-PI3K-AKT signaling and inactivation of the β-catenin destruction complex to ultimately upregulate SLUG and β-catenin. In addition, we generated a chimeric anti-ENO1 mAb (chENO1-22) that can decrease cancer cell proliferation and invasion. chENO1-22 attenuated cancer cell invasion by inhibiting ENO1-mediated GSK3β inactivation to promote SLUG protein ubiquitination and degradation. Moreover, chENO1-22 prevented lung tumor metastasis and prolonged survival in animal models. Taken together, these findings illuminate the molecular mechanisms underlying the function of ENO1 in lung cancer metastasis and support the therapeutic potential of a novel antibody targeting ENO1 for treating lung cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: This study shows that ENO1 promotes lung cancer metastasis via HGFR and WNT signaling and introduces a novel anti-ENO1 antibody for potential therapeutic use in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Jung Li
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Yi Ke
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ching Lin
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Yi Lu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Huei Kuo
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Wang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Hao Liang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Chang Lin
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hsuan Chang
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Yu Chen
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pan-Chyr Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chung Wu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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11
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Qu S, Zhang X, Wu Y, Li H, Zhai J, Wu D. miR-361-3p Regulates Liver Tumor-initiating Cells Expansion and Chemo-resistance. J Cancer 2021; 12:1483-1492. [PMID: 33531993 PMCID: PMC7847642 DOI: 10.7150/jca.52395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence shows that liver tumor-initiating cells (T-ICs) closely associated with the progression, metastasis, recurrence and chemo-resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the underlying mechanism for the propagation of liver T-ICs remains unclear. Here we show that miR-361-3p is upregulated in liver T-ICs. Knockdown of miR-361-3p impairs the self-renewal and tumorigenicity liver T-ICs. Conversely, forced miR-361-3p expression enhances the self-renewal and tumorigenicity liver T-ICs. Mechanistically, miR-361-3p directly targets SOX1 via binding its 3'-UTR in liver T-ICs. Moreover, miR-361-3p knockdown hepatoma cells are more sensitive to cisplatin or sorafenib treatment. Clinical cohort analysis demonstrates that miR-361-3p low HCC patients are benefited from TACE (transcatheter arterial chemoembolization) or sorafenib treatment. In conclusion, our findings revealed the crucial role of the miR-361-3p in liver T-IC expansion and TACE or sorafenib response, rendering miR-361-3p an optimal target for the prevention and intervention in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuping Qu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xiaobing Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - HengYu Li
- Department of General surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jian Zhai
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Dong Wu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
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12
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Garcia-Lezana T, Lopez-Canovas JL, Villanueva A. Signaling pathways in hepatocellular carcinoma. Adv Cancer Res 2020; 149:63-101. [PMID: 33579428 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite the recent introduction of new effective systemic agents, the survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) at advanced stages remains dismal. This underscores the need for new therapies, which has spurred extensive research on the identification of the main drivers of pathway de-regulation as a source of novel therapeutic targets. Frequently altered pathways in HCC involve growth factor receptors (e.g., VEGFR, FGFR, TGFA, EGFR, IGFR) and/or its cytoplasmic intermediates (e.g., PI3K-AKT-mTOR, RAF/ERK/MAPK) as well as key pathways in cell differentiation (e.g., Wnt/β-catenin, JAK/STAT, Hippo, Hedgehog, Notch). Somatic mutations, chromosomal aberrations and epigenetic changes are common mechanisms for pathway deregulation in HCC. Aberrant pathway activation has also been explored as a biomarker to predict response to specific therapies, but currently, these strategies are not implemented when deciding systemic therapies in HCC patients. Beyond the well-established molecular cascades, there are numerous emerging signaling pathways also deregulated in HCC (e.g., tumor microenvironment, non-coding RNA, intestinal microbiota), which have opened new avenues for therapeutic exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Garcia-Lezana
- Division of Liver Diseases, Liver Cancer Program, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Juan Luis Lopez-Canovas
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Augusto Villanueva
- Division of Liver Diseases, Liver Cancer Program, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States; Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.
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13
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Karimkhanloo H, Mohammadi-Yeganeh S, Hadavi R, Koochaki A, Paryan M. Potential role of miR-214 in β-catenin gene expression within hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:7429-7437. [PMID: 32901357 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05798-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important gene regulators whose dysregulations can be involved in tumorigenesis. β-catenin, the main agent in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, controls various genes and its over-expression has been discovered in different kinds of cancers including Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). Extensive research demonstrated that the Wnt signaling is one of the major affected pathways in HCC. This study aimed to find miRNA targeting β-catenin gene by bioinformatic approaches and confirm this correlation to propose new therapeutic targets for HCC. Prediction of miRNAs targeting 3'-Untranslated Regions (UTR) of β-catenin mRNA, were done using different types of credible bioinformatic databases. The luciferase assay was also recruited for further confirmation of the bioinformatic predictions. In the first step, the expression of β-catenin was assessed in the HepG2 cell line by real-time PCR technique. Next, transduction of HepG2 cells were done by lentiviral vectors containing the desired miRNA. Then, the expression level of miRNA and the β-catenin gene were evaluated. Based on the results obtained from different bioinformatic databases, miR-214 was selected as the potential miRNA with the highest probability in targeting β-catenin. Furthermore, Luciferase assay results confirmed the accuracy of our bioinformatic prediction. In line with our hypothesis, after the overexpression of miR-214 in HepG2 cells, β-catenin gene expression was reduced significantly. Gathered results indicate the miRNAs role in the down-regulation of their target genes. Hence, the results propose that miR-214 can prevent HCC development by suppressing β-catenin and may supply a newfound approach towards HCC therapy in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamzeh Karimkhanloo
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Samira Mohammadi-Yeganeh
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Razie Hadavi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Ameneh Koochaki
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Paryan
- Department of Research and Development, Production and Research Complex, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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14
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Zhu K, Peng Y, Hu J, Zhan H, Yang L, Gao Q, Jia H, Luo R, Dai Z, Tang Z, Fan J, Zhou J. Metadherin-PRMT5 complex enhances the metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma through the WNT-β-catenin signaling pathway. Carcinogenesis 2020; 41:130-138. [PMID: 31498866 PMCID: PMC7175245 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating data suggest that metadherin (MTDH) may function as an oncogene. Our previous study showed that MTDH promotes hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metastasis via the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In this study, we aim to further elucidate how MTDH promotes HCC metastasis. Using Co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) and mass spectrometry, we found that MTDH can specifically bind to protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5). Further functional assays revealed that PRMT5 overexpression promoted the proliferation and motility of HCC cells and that knockout of PRMT5 impeded the effect of MTDH. The immunohistochemistry assay/tissue microarray results showed that when MTDH was overexpressed in HCC cells, PRMT5 translocated from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, with the subsequent translocation of β-catenin from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and upregulation of the WNT-β-catenin signaling pathway. Further in vivo experiments suggested that PRMT5 and β-catenin played a pivotal role in MTDH-mediated HCC metastasis. We therefore concluded that the MTDH-PRMT5 complex promotes HCC metastasis by regulating the WNT-β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanfei Peng
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinwu Hu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Zhan
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Liuxiao Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Jia
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongkui Luo
- Department of Pathology, Zhong Shan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi Dai
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoyou Tang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Fan
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, China
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15
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Epigenetic Silencing of LMX1A Contributes to Cancer Progression in Lung Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155425. [PMID: 32751497 PMCID: PMC7432919 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modification is considered a major mechanism of the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes that finally contributes to carcinogenesis. LIM homeobox transcription factor 1α (LMX1A) is one of the LIM-homeobox-containing genes that is a critical regulator of growth and differentiation. Recently, LMX1A was shown to be hypermethylated and functioned as a tumor suppressor in cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, and gastric cancer. However, its role in lung cancer has not yet been clarified. In this study, we used public databases, methylation-specific PCR (MSP), reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR), and bisulfite genomic sequencing to show that LMX1A was downregulated or silenced due to promoter hypermethylation in lung cancers. Treatment of lung cancer cells with the demethylating agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine restored LMX1A expression. In the lung cancer cell lines H23 and H1299, overexpression of LMX1A did not affect cell proliferation but suppressed colony formation and invasion. These suppressive effects were reversed after inhibition of LMX1A expression in an inducible expression system in H23 cells. The quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) data showed that LMX1A could modulate epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) through E-cadherin (CDH1) and fibronectin (FN1). NanoString gene expression analysis revealed that all aberrantly expressed genes were associated with processes related to cancer progression, including angiogenesis, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, EMT, cancer metastasis, and hypoxia-related gene expression. Taken together, these data demonstrated that LMX1A is inactivated through promoter hypermethylation and functions as a tumor suppressor. Furthermore, LMX1A inhibits non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell invasion partly through modulation of EMT, angiogenesis, and ECM remodeling.
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16
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Chung HH, Lee CT, Hu JM, Chou YC, Lin YW, Shih YL. NKX6.1 Represses Tumorigenesis, Metastasis, and Chemoresistance in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145106. [PMID: 32707737 PMCID: PMC7404324 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that NKX6.1 (NK homeobox 1) plays a role in various types of cancer. In our previous studies, we identified NKX6.1 hypermethylation as a promising marker and demonstrated that the NKX6.1 gene functions as a metastasis suppressor through the epigenetic regulation of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cervical cancer. More recently, we have demonstrated that NKX6.1 methylation is related to the chemotherapy response in colorectal cancer (CRC). Nevertheless, the biological function of NKX6.1 in the tumorigenesis of CRC remains unclear. In this study, we showed that NKX6.1 suppresses tumorigenic and metastatic ability both in vitro and in vivo. NKX6.1 represses cell invasion partly through the modulation of EMT. The overexpression of NKX6.1 enhances chemosensitivity in CRC cells. To further explore how NKX6.1 exerts its tumor-suppressive function, we used RNA sequencing technology for comprehensive analysis. The results showed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly related to cell migration, response to drug, transcription factor activity, and growth factor activity, suggesting that these DEGs are involved in the function of NKX6.1 suppressing cancer invasion and metastasis. Our results demonstrated that NKX6.1 functions as a tumor suppressor partly by repressing EMT and enhancing chemosensitivity in CRC, making it a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Hua Chung
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, No.161, Sec.6, Minquan East Rd., Neihu District, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; (H.-H.C.); (J.-M.H.); (Y.-W.L.)
| | - Chun-Te Lee
- Division of Urological Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital Songshan Branch, No.131, Jiankang Rd., Songshan District, Taipei 10581, Taiwan;
| | - Je-Ming Hu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, No.161, Sec.6, Minquan East Rd., Neihu District, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; (H.-H.C.); (J.-M.H.); (Y.-W.L.)
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No.325, Sec.2, Chenggong Rd., Neihu District, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Chou
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, No.161, Sec.6, Minquan East Rd., Neihu District, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
| | - Ya-Wen Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, No.161, Sec.6, Minquan East Rd., Neihu District, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; (H.-H.C.); (J.-M.H.); (Y.-W.L.)
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, No.161, Sec.6, Minquan East Rd., Neihu District, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, No.161, Sec.6, Minquan East Rd., Neihu District, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lueng Shih
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, No.161, Sec.6, Minquan East Rd., Neihu District, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; (H.-H.C.); (J.-M.H.); (Y.-W.L.)
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Sec. 2, Chenggong Rd., Neihu District, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +886-2-87917654
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17
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Yin L, Liu T, Li C, Yan G, Li C, Zhang J, Wang L. The MRTF-A/miR-155/SOX1 pathway mediates gastric cancer migration and invasion. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:303. [PMID: 32675943 PMCID: PMC7353767 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01395-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer (GC) is the leading cause of death worldwide and is closely related to metastasis. MRTF-A is one of the most well-characterized genetic markers in cancer. However, the mechanism whereby MRTF-A mediate gastric cancer (GC) tumorigenesis is not fully clear. Increasing evidence has confirmed that miRNA dysregulation is involved in MRTF-A-mediated tumorigenesis, supporting their potential as therapeutic targets for cancer. Although miR-155 has been reported as an upregulated miRNA, the interplay between miR-155 and MRTF-A-mediated gastric cancer progression remain largely elusive. Methods Real-time PCR was performed to determine miR-155 expression after transfected with MRTF-A encoding plasmids and siRNA. Potential target genes were identified by Western blot and luciferase reporter assay. Chip assay was proved that MRTF-A binds in the promoter region of miR-155. Transwell assay and Scratch-healing migration assay was used to investigate the role of MRTF-A and SOX1 in gastric cancer cell migration and invasion. Results MRTF-A can interact with the miR-155 promoter to promote histone acetylation and RNA polymerase II recruitment via the Wnt-β-catenin pathway. miR-155 promotes gastric cancer cell migration by suppressing SOX1 expressiom by targeting its 3′UTR in vitro and in vivo. MRTF-A inhibited the inhibitory effects of SOX1 on gastric cancer cell migration by promoting the express -ion of miR-155. Conclusion Our data therefore provide important and novel insights into how the MRTF-A/miR-155/SOX1 pathway mediates migration and invasion in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libin Yin
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021 China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021 China
| | - Chenyao Li
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021 China
| | - Guoqiang Yan
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021 China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021 China
| | - Jiantao Zhang
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021 China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021 China
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18
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SOX9 enhances sorafenib resistance through upregulating ABCG2 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110315. [PMID: 32554246 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorafenib is a multi-kinase blocker and one of the few suggested drug treatments for aggressive hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. However, drug resistance to sorafenib may often occur over time and cause further tumor aggression. Recently, cancer stem cells were found in HCC and were speculated to be involved in tumor progression. SOX9 is highly expressed in HCC cancer stem cells and promotes cell proliferation and self-renewal. Meanwhile, HCC patients with higher SOX9 expression show poorer prognosis. Whether SOX9 is involved in sorafenib resistance in HCC is still unclear. Here, we found that sorafenib treatment increased the proportion of SOX9 positive cells in HCC cell lines. Overexpression of exogenous SOX9 in HCC increased sorafenib resistance both in vitro and in vivo, whereas down-regulation led to inhibition of sorafenib resistance. Knock-down of SOX9 by RNA interference caused down-regulation of downstream genes, including ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2). The drug resistance to sorafenib caused by SOX9 overexpression could be ameliorated by ABCG2 inhibition in HCC cell lines. In the cohort of patients taken sorafenib, we found that patients with lower SOX9 expression had more prolonged overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Univariate and multivariate Cox analysis shows that SOX9 expression exerts as an independent risk factor for the OS and PFS of HCC patients with sorafenib treatment. These findings demonstrate that SOX9 enhances sorafenib resistance and may regulate this process by modulating ABCG2 expression.
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19
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Lei XX, Liu Y, Wang JX, Cai Q, Yan M, He HP, Liu Q, Long ZJ, Guan Z. SOX1 promotes differentiation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by activating retinoid metabolic pathway. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:331. [PMID: 32382038 PMCID: PMC7206110 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2513-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Undifferentiation is a key feature of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), which presents as a unique opportunity for intervention by differentiation therapy. In this study, we found that SOX1 inhibited proliferation, promoted differentiation, and induced senescence of NPC cells, which depended on its transcriptional function. RNA-Seq-profiling analysis showed that multiple undifferentiated markers of keratin family, including KRT5, KRT13, and KRT19, were reduced in SOX1 overexpressed NPC cells. Interestingly, gene ontology (GO) analysis revealed genes in SOX1 overexpressed cells were enriched in extracellular functions. The data of LC/MS untargeted metabolomics showed that the content of retinoids in SOX1 overexpressed cells and culture medium was both higher than that in the control group. Subsequently, we screened mRNA level of genes in retinoic acid (RA) signaling or metabolic pathway and found that the expression of UDP-glucuronosyltransferases was significantly decreased. Furtherly, UGT2B7 could rescue the differentiation induced by SOX1 overexpression. Inhibition of UGTs by demethylzeylasteral (T-96) could mimic SOX1 to promote the differentiation of NPC cells. Thus, we described a mechanism by which SOX1 regulated the differentiation of NPC cells by activating retinoid metabolic pathway, providing a potential target for differentiation therapy of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Xing Lei
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Xing Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Institute of Hematology, Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Cai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Yan
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Ping He
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Quentin Liu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, 510060, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Institute of Hematology, Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zi-Jie Long
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Institute of Hematology, Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhong Guan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120, Guangzhou, China.
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20
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Zhang L, Yu J, Huang W, Zhang H, Xu J, Cai H. A Sensitive and Simplified Classifier of Cervical Lesions Based on a Methylation-Specific PCR Assay: A Chinese Cohort Study. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:2567-2576. [PMID: 32346310 PMCID: PMC7167279 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s246103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study is to assess the diagnostic and screening performance of a standardized methylation-specific real-time PCR assay targeting SOX1 and PAX1 genes for cervical cancer in a Chinese cohort. Methods Genomic DNA was extracted from cervical exfoliated cells and converted by sodium bisulfite and then analyzed by qMSP assay. Ct values were collected for PAX1 and SOX1 as target genes and β-actin as an endogenous reference gene. The samples included 295 cervicitis, 111 LSIL (low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion), 51 HSIL (high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion) and 30 cervical cancer. Results The Ct values decreased with the progression of cervical cancer from cervicitis, through LSIL and HSIL to cancer. The difference in Ct values between cytological grades was highly significant (p≤0.01) between grades either for PAX1 or for SOX1 except the difference between cervicitis and LSIL of SOX1. With the Ct cut-off values of PAX1 gene and SOX1 gene 38.6 and 38 and with the PAX1/SOX1 in combination, the positive rate of methylation in invasive cancer tissues was 100%, in contrast to 11.5% (95% CI: 8.67%–14.33%) in cervicitis tissues, 45.1% (95% CI: 40.68%–49.52%) in LSIL tissues, and 68.5% (95% CI: 64.37%–72.63%) in HSIL tissues. The specificity and sensitivity of differentiating tumors from cervicitis were 0.957 (95% CI: 0.939–0.975) and 1.00, respectively. The specificity and sensitivity of differentiation between cervicitis+LSIL and HSIL+cervical cancer were 0.881 (95% CI: 0.852–0.91) and 0.748 (95% CI: 0.709–0.787), respectively. Conclusion PAX1/SOX1 methylation could be translated into clinical practice for cervical neoplasia detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Yunnan Tumor Hospital and The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Gynecology, Yunnan Tumor Hospital and The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxian Huang
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongping Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Yunnan Tumor Hospital and The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Clinical Lab, Weifang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongning Cai
- Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province and Women and Children's Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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21
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SOX13 promotes colorectal cancer metastasis by transactivating SNAI2 and c-MET. Oncogene 2020; 39:3522-3540. [PMID: 32111984 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1233-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is a major cause of high recurrence and poor survival of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), although the mechanisms associated with this process remain poorly understood. In this study, we report a novel mechanism by which SOX13 promotes CRC metastasis by transactivating SNAI2 and c-MET. SOX13 overexpression was significantly correlated with more aggressive clinicopathological features of CRC and indicated poor prognosis in two independent cohorts of CRC patients (cohort I, n = 363; cohort II, n = 390). Overexpression of SOX13-promoted CRC migration, invasion, and metastasis, whereas SOX13 downregulation caused the opposite effects. Further mechanistic investigation identified SNAI2 and MET as important target genes of SOX13 using serial deletion and site-directed mutagenesis luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays, as well as functional complementation analyses. In addition, SOX13 was shown to be a direct target of HGF/STAT3 signaling, and the c-MET inhibitor crizotinib blocked the HGF/STAT3/SOX13/c-MET axis, significantly inhibiting SOX13-mediated CRC migration, invasion and metastasis. Moreover, in clinical CRC tissues, SOX13 expression was positively correlated with the expression of SNAI2, c-MET, and HGF. CRC patients with positive coexpression of SOX13/SNAI2, SOX13/c-MET, or HGF/SOX13 exhibited a worse prognosis. In summary, SOX13 is a promising prognostic biomarker in patients with CRC, and blocking the HGF/STAT3/SOX13/c-MET axis with crizotinib could be a new therapeutic strategy to prevent SOX13-mediated CRC metastasis.
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22
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Zhan T, Zhu Q, Han Z, Tan J, Liu M, Liu W, Chen W, Chen X, Chen X, Deng J, Tian X, Huang X. miR-455-3p Functions as a Tumor Suppressor by Restraining Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling via TAZ in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:1483-1492. [PMID: 32161500 PMCID: PMC7051256 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s235794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly invasive tumor with a poor prognosis, short overall survival rate and few chemotherapeutic choices. Despite the importance of finding ways to treat pancreatic cancer, the mechanisms of tumor progression have not been fully elucidated. microRNA-455-3p (miR-455-3p) has been reported to play an important role in several cancers, but its function in pancreatic cancer remains unclear. Methods To investigate the biological functions, miRNAs mimics or inhibitors were transfected into pancreatic cancer cells. Flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis. Wound healing and Transwell assays were employed to observe cell invasion and migration abilities. The expression of Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Snail, β-Catenin, c-Myc and Cyclin D1 were evaluated by qPCR and Western blot. Results We confirmed that inhibition of miR-455-3p decreases cell apoptosis and increases cell migration, invasion and EMT of pancreatic cancer, whereas forced overexpression of miR-455-3p has the opposite effect. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the tumor suppression effects of miR-455-3p were partially reversed by TAZ overexpression. In addition, miR-455-3p led to inactivation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in pancreatic cancer cells, and TAZ overexpression restored the inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Conclusion Taken together, our data demonstrated that miR-455-3p functions as an important tumor suppressor that suppresses the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway via TAZ to inhibit tumor progression in pancreatic cancer. We conclude that the miR-455-3p/TAZ/Wnt axis may be a potential therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan Third Hospital (Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University), Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingxi Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan Third Hospital (Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University), Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan Third Hospital (Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University), Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan Third Hospital (Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University), Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan Third Hospital (Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University), Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijie Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan Third Hospital (Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University), Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan Third Hospital (Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University), Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan Third Hospital (Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University), Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueting Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Junsheng Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan Third Hospital (Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University), Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan Third Hospital (Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University), Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China
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The Neglectable Impact of Delayed Graft Function on Long-term Graft Survival in Kidneys Donated After Circulatory Death Associates With Superior Organ Resilience. Ann Surg 2019; 270:877-883. [DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000003515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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24
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Jee BA, Choi JH, Rhee H, Yoon S, Kwon SM, Nahm JH, Yoo JE, Jeon Y, Choi GH, Woo HG, Park YN. Dynamics of Genomic, Epigenomic, and Transcriptomic Aberrations during Stepwise Hepatocarcinogenesis. Cancer Res 2019; 79:5500-5512. [PMID: 31506333 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-0991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) undergoes a stepwise progression from liver cirrhosis to low-grade dysplastic nodule (LGDN), high-grade dysplastic nodule (HGDN), early HCC (eHCC), and progressed HCC (pHCC). Here, we profiled multilayered genomic, epigenomic, and transcriptomic aberrations in the stepwise hepatocarcinogenesis. Initial DNA methylation was observed in eHCC (e.g., DKK3, SALL3, and SOX1) while more extensive methylation was observed in pHCC. In addition, eHCCs showed an initial loss of DNA copy numbers of tumor suppressor genes in the 4q and 13q regions, thereby conferring survival benefits to cancer cells. Transcriptome analysis revealed that HGDNs expressed endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related genes, while eHCC started to express oncogenes. Furthermore, integrative analysis indicated that expression of the serine peptidase inhibitor, Kazal type 1 (SPINK1), played a pivotal role in eHCC development. Significant demethylation of SPINK1 was observed in eHCC compared to HGDN. The study also demonstrated that ER stress may induce SPINK1 demethylation and expression in liver cancer cells. In conclusion, these results reveal the dynamics of multiomic aberrations during malignant conversion of liver cancer, thus providing novel pathobiological insights into hepatocarcinogenesis. SIGNIFICANCE: Multiomics profiling and integrative analyses of stepwise hepatocarcinogenesis reveal novel mechanistic and clinical insights into hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byul A Jee
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Choi
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungjin Rhee
- Department of Radiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sarah Yoon
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - So Mee Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hae Nahm
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Yoo
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsic Jeon
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,BK21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Hong Choi
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Goo Woo
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Nyun Park
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,BK21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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25
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A Novel Prognostic DNA Methylation Panel for Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194672. [PMID: 31547144 PMCID: PMC6801964 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Discrepancies in clinical outcomes are observed even among patients with same-stage CRC due to molecular heterogeneity. Thus, biomarkers for predicting prognosis in CRC patients are urgently needed. We previously demonstrated that stage II CRC patients with NKX6.1 methylation had poor 5-year overall survival. However, the methylation frequency of NKX6.1 was only 23% in 151 pairs of CRC tissues. Thus, we aimed to develop a more robust prognostic panel for CRC using NKX6.1 in combination with three genes: LIM homeobox transcription factor 1α (LMX1A), sex-determining region Y-box 1 (SOX1), and zinc finger protein 177 (ZNF177). Through quantitative methylation analysis, we found that LMX1A, SOX1, and ZNF177 were hypermethylated in CRC tissues. LMX1A methylation was significantly associated with poor 5-year overall, and disease-free survivals in stage I and II CRC patients. Sensitivity and specificity analyses of the four-gene combination revealed the best sensitivity and optimal specificity. Moreover, patients with the four-gene methylation profile exhibited poorer disease-free survival than those without methylation. A significant effect of the four-gene methylation status on overall survival and disease-free survival was observed in early stage I and II CRC patients (p = 0.0016 and p = 0.0230, respectively). Taken together, these results demonstrate that the combination of the methylation statuses of NKX6.1, LMX1A, SOX1, and ZNF177 creates a novel prognostic panel that could be considered a molecular marker for outcomes in CRC patients.
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26
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Wu JY, Shih YL, Lin SP, Hsieh TY, Lin YW. YC-1 Antagonizes Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Through the EBP1 p42 Isoform in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050661. [PMID: 31086087 PMCID: PMC6562864 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel drugs targeting Wnt signaling are gradually being developed for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment. In this study, we used a Wnt-responsive Super-TOPflash (STF) luciferase reporter assay to screen a new compound targeting Wnt signaling. 3-(5'-Hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzylindazole (YC-1) was identified as a small molecule inhibitor of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Our coimmunoprecipitation (co-IP) data showed that YC-1 did not affect the β-catenin/TCF interaction. Then, by mass spectrometry, we identified the ErbB3 receptor-binding protein 1 (EBP1) interaction with the β-catenin/TCF complex upon YC-1 treatment. EBP1 encodes two splice isoforms, p42 and p48. We further demonstrated that YC-1 enhances p42 isoform binding to the β-catenin/TCF complex and reduces the transcriptional activity of the complex. The suppression of colony formation by YC-1 was significantly reversed after knockdown of both isoforms (p48 and p42); however, the inhibition of colony formation was maintained when only EBP1 p48 was silenced. Taken together, these results suggest that YC-1 treatment results in a reduction in Wnt-regulated transcription through EBP1 p42 and leads to the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation. These data imply that YC-1 is a drug that antagonizes Wnt/β-catenin signaling in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Yun Wu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Lueng Shih
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan.
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Ping Lin
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan.
| | - Tsai-Yuan Hsieh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan.
| | - Ya-Wen Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan.
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan.
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27
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The role of SOX family members in solid tumours and metastasis. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 67:122-153. [PMID: 30914279 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a heavy burden for humans across the world with high morbidity and mortality. Transcription factors including sex determining region Y (SRY)-related high-mobility group (HMG) box (SOX) proteins are thought to be involved in the regulation of specific biological processes. The deregulation of gene expression programs can lead to cancer development. Here, we review the role of the SOX family in breast cancer, prostate cancer, renal cell carcinoma, thyroid cancer, brain tumours, gastrointestinal and lung tumours as well as the entailing therapeutic implications. The SOX family consists of more than 20 members that mediate DNA binding by the HMG domain and have regulatory functions in development, cell-fate decision, and differentiation. SOX2, SOX4, SOX5, SOX8, SOX9, and SOX18 are up-regulated in different cancer types and have been found to be associated with poor prognosis, while the up-regulation of SOX11 and SOX30 appears to be favourable for the outcome in other cancer types. SOX2, SOX4, SOX5 and other SOX members are involved in tumorigenesis, e.g. SOX2 is markedly up-regulated in chemotherapy resistant cells. The SoxF family (SOX7, SOX17, SOX18) plays an important role in angio- and lymphangiogenesis, with SOX18 seemingly being an attractive target for anti-angiogenic therapy and the treatment of metastatic disease in cancer. In summary, SOX transcription factors play an important role in cancer progression, including tumorigenesis, changes in the tumour microenvironment, and metastasis. Certain SOX proteins are potential molecular markers for cancer prognosis and putative potential therapeutic targets, but further investigations are required to understand their physiological functions.
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28
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Abstract
The canonical Wnt-β-catenin pathway is a complex, evolutionarily conserved signalling mechanism that regulates fundamental physiological and pathological processes. Wnt-β-catenin signalling tightly controls embryogenesis, including hepatobiliary development, maturation and zonation. In the mature healthy liver, the Wnt-β-catenin pathway is mostly inactive but can become re-activated during cell renewal and/or regenerative processes, as well as in certain pathological conditions, diseases, pre-malignant conditions and cancer. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), the two most prevalent primary liver tumours in adults, Wnt-β-catenin signalling is frequently hyperactivated and promotes tumour growth and dissemination. A substantial proportion of liver tumours (mainly HCC and, to a lesser extent, CCA) have mutations in genes encoding key components of the Wnt-β-catenin signalling pathway. Likewise, hepatoblastoma, the most common paediatric liver cancer, is characterized by Wnt-β-catenin activation, mostly as a result of β-catenin mutations. In this Review, we discuss the most relevant molecular mechanisms of action and regulation of Wnt-β-catenin signalling in liver development and pathophysiology. Moreover, we highlight important preclinical and clinical studies and future directions in basic and clinical research.
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29
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Verlaat W, Van Leeuwen RW, Novianti PW, Schuuring E, Meijer CJLM, Van Der Zee AGJ, Snijders PJF, Heideman DAM, Steenbergen RDM, Wisman GBA. Host-cell DNA methylation patterns during high-risk HPV-induced carcinogenesis reveal a heterogeneous nature of cervical pre-cancer. Epigenetics 2018; 13:769-778. [PMID: 30079796 PMCID: PMC6224221 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2018.1507197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer development following a persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) is driven by additional host-cell changes, such as altered DNA methylation. In previous studies, we have identified 12 methylated host genes associated with cervical cancer and pre-cancer (CIN2/3). This study systematically analyzed the onset and DNA methylation pattern of these genes during hrHPV-induced carcinogenesis using a longitudinal in vitro model of hrHPV-transformed cell lines (n = 14) and hrHPV-positive cervical scrapings (n = 113) covering various stages of cervical carcinogenesis. DNA methylation analysis was performed by quantitative methylation-specific PCR (qMSP) and relative qMSP values were used to analyze the data. The majority of genes displayed a comparable DNA methylation pattern in both cell lines and clinical specimens. DNA methylation onset occurred at early or late immortal passage, and DNA methylation levels gradually increased towards tumorigenic cells. Subsequently, we defined a so-called cancer-like methylation-high pattern based on the DNA methylation levels observed in cervical scrapings from women with cervical cancer. This cancer-like methylation-high pattern was observed in 72% (38/53) of CIN3 and 55% (11/20) of CIN2, whereas it was virtually absent in hrHPV-positive controls (1/26). In conclusion, hrHPV-induced carcinogenesis is characterized by early onset of DNA methylation, typically occurring at the pre-tumorigenic stage and with highest DNA methylation levels at the cancer stage. Host-cell DNA methylation patterns in cervical scrapings from women with CIN2 and CIN3 are heterogeneous, with a subset displaying a cancer-like methylation-high pattern, suggestive for a higher cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wina Verlaat
- a Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Pathology , Cancer Center Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Robert W Van Leeuwen
- b Department of Gynecologic Oncology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Cancer Research Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Putri W Novianti
- a Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Pathology , Cancer Center Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Ed Schuuring
- c Department of Pathology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Cancer Research Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Chris J L M Meijer
- a Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Pathology , Cancer Center Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Ate G J Van Der Zee
- b Department of Gynecologic Oncology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Cancer Research Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Peter J F Snijders
- a Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Pathology , Cancer Center Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Daniëlle A M Heideman
- a Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Pathology , Cancer Center Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Renske D M Steenbergen
- a Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Pathology , Cancer Center Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - G Bea A Wisman
- b Department of Gynecologic Oncology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Cancer Research Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
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30
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Li K, Ma YB, Zhang Z, Tian YH, Xu XL, He YQ, Xu L, Gao Y, Pan WT, Song WJ, He X, Wei L. Upregulated IQUB promotes cell proliferation and migration via activating Akt/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway in breast cancer. Cancer Med 2018; 7:3875-3888. [PMID: 29968965 PMCID: PMC6089180 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer was the highest incidence of tumor in women, which seriously threaten women's health. Our previous study found that the expression of IQUB (IQ motif and ubiquitin domain containing) was significantly increased in the development of breast cancer by transcriptome sequencing. However, there were no studies on the mechanism of IQUB in tumorigenesis. Further study showed that IQUB expression was significantly increased in breast cancer, which had a significantly positive correlation with pathological differentiation of breast cancer by tissue microarray analysis. Furthermore, we also discovered that IQUB overexpression could obviously promote the proliferation and migration of MCF‐7 cells and increase the proportion of MCF‐7 cells in S and G2/M phase in vitro study, while knockdown of IQUB caused inhibition of cell proliferation and migration in MDA‐MB‐231 cells and increased the proportion of MDA‐MB‐231 cells in G1 phase. Furthermore, IQUB overexpression or knockdown combined with treatment of Licl or MG‐132 showed that IQUB activated Akt to promote GSK3β phosphorylation, which in turn activated Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway in breast cancer cells. Taken together, these results indicated that upregulated IQUB promoted breast cancer cell proliferation and migration via activating Akt/GSK3β/β‐catenin signaling pathway, which played an important part in the tumorigenesis and development of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yan-Bin Ma
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zun Zhang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yi-Hao Tian
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiao-Long Xu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yan-Qi He
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Liu Xu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wen-Ting Pan
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wen-Jing Song
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xin He
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lei Wei
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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31
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Molnár B, Galamb O, Péterfia B, Wichmann B, Csabai I, Bodor A, Kalmár A, Szigeti KA, Barták BK, Nagy ZB, Valcz G, Patai ÁV, Igaz P, Tulassay Z. Gene promoter and exon DNA methylation changes in colon cancer development - mRNA expression and tumor mutation alterations. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:695. [PMID: 29945573 PMCID: PMC6020382 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4609-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background DNA mutations occur randomly and sporadically in growth-related genes, mostly on cytosines. Demethylation of cytosines may lead to genetic instability through spontaneous deamination. Aims were whole genome methylation and targeted mutation analysis of colorectal cancer (CRC)-related genes and mRNA expression analysis of TP53 pathway genes. Methods Long interspersed nuclear element-1 (LINE-1) BS-PCR followed by pyrosequencing was performed for the estimation of global DNA metlyation levels along the colorectal normal-adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Methyl capture sequencing was done on 6 normal adjacent (NAT), 15 adenomatous (AD) and 9 CRC tissues. Overall quantitative methylation analysis, selection of top hyper/hypomethylated genes, methylation analysis on mutation regions and TP53 pathway gene promoters were performed. Mutations of 12 CRC-related genes (APC, BRAF, CTNNB1, EGFR, FBXW7, KRAS, NRAS, MSH6, PIK3CA, SMAD2, SMAD4, TP53) were evaluated. mRNA expression of TP53 pathway genes was also analyzed. Results According to the LINE-1 methylation results, overall hypomethylation was observed along the normal-adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Within top50 differential methylated regions (DMRs), in AD-N comparison TP73, NGFR, PDGFRA genes were hypermethylated, FMN1, SLC16A7 genes were hypomethylated. In CRC-N comparison DKK2, SDC2, SOX1 genes showed hypermethylation, while ERBB4, CREB5, CNTN1 genes were hypomethylated. In certain mutation hot spot regions significant DNA methylation alterations were detected. The TP53 gene body was addressed by hypermethylation in adenomas. APC, TP53 and KRAS mutations were found in 30, 15, 21% of adenomas, and in 29, 53, 29% of CRCs, respectively. mRNA expression changes were observed in several TP53 pathway genes showing promoter methylation alterations. Conclusions DNA methylation with consecutive phenotypic effect can be observed in a high number of promoter and gene body regions through CRC development. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4609-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béla Molnár
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szentkirályi str 46, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary. .,2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi str 46, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary.
| | - Orsolya Galamb
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szentkirályi str 46, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary
| | - Bálint Péterfia
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi str 46, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary
| | - Barnabás Wichmann
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szentkirályi str 46, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary
| | - István Csabai
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
| | - András Bodor
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary.,Institute of Mathematics and Informatics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 6, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Kalmár
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szentkirályi str 46, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Andrea Szigeti
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi str 46, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary
| | - Barbara Kinga Barták
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi str 46, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Brigitta Nagy
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi str 46, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary
| | - Gábor Valcz
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szentkirályi str 46, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary
| | - Árpád V Patai
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi str 46, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary
| | - Péter Igaz
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szentkirályi str 46, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary.,2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi str 46, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Tulassay
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szentkirályi str 46, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary.,2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi str 46, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary
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32
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Li P, Yu Z, He L, Zhou D, Xie S, Hou H, Geng X. Knockdown of FOXK1 inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 92:270-276. [PMID: 28551547 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.05.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
FOXK1 (forkhead box k1), a member of the FOX family, is overexpressed in several types of solid tumors. However, the biological function of FOXK1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated the expression status and functional roles of FOXK1 in HCC. Our results demonstrated that the expression of FOXK1 was significantly up-regulated in human HCC tissues and cell lines. In addition, down-regulation of FOXK1 suppressed the proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC cells in vitro, as well as attenuated tumor growth in nude mice model. We further elucidated that knockdown of FOXK1 down-regulated the protein expression levels of β-catenin, c-myc and cyclin D1 in HepG2 cells. In conclusion, the present study indicated that FOXK1 may act as an oncogene in human HCC, and knockdown of FOXK1 significantly inhibited HCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion, partly through the inactivation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. These findings suggest that FOXK1 may be a novel therapeutic target to treat HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peikun Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, PR China
| | - Zhongshan Yu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, PR China
| | - Liang He
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, PR China
| | - Dachen Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, PR China
| | - Shengxue Xie
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, PR China
| | - Hui Hou
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, PR China
| | - Xiaoping Geng
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, PR China.
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Wang R, van Leeuwen RW, Boers A, Klip HG, de Meyer T, Steenbergen RDM, van Criekinge W, van der Zee AGJ, Schuuring E, Wisman GBA. Genome-wide methylome analysis using MethylCap-seq uncovers 4 hypermethylated markers with high sensitivity for both adeno- and squamous-cell cervical carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:80735-80750. [PMID: 27738327 PMCID: PMC5348351 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cytology-based screening methods for cervical adenocarcinoma (ADC) and to a lesser extent squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC) suffer from low sensitivity. DNA hypermethylation analysis in cervical scrapings may improve detection of SCC, but few methylation markers have been described for ADC. We aimed to identify novel methylation markers for the early detection of both ADC and SCC. Results Genome-wide methylation profiling for 20 normal cervices, 6 ADC and 6 SCC using MethylCap-seq yielded 53 candidate regions hypermethylated in both ADC and SCC. Verification and independent validation of the 15 most significant regions revealed 5 markers with differential methylation between 17 normals and 13 cancers. Quantitative methylation-specific PCR on cervical cancer scrapings resulted in detection rates ranging between 80% and 92% while between 94% and 99% of control scrapings tested negative. Four markers (SLC6A5, SOX1, SOX14 and TBX20) detected ADC and SCC with similar sensitivity. In scrapings from women referred with an abnormal smear (n=229), CIN3+ sensitivity was between 36% and 71%, while between 71% and 93% of adenocarcinoma in situ (AdCIS) were detected; and CIN0/1 specificity was between 88% and 98%. Compared to hrHPV, the combination SOX1/SOX14 showed a similar CIN3+ sensitivity (80% vs. 75%, respectively, P>0.2), while specificity improved (42% vs. 84%, respectively, P < 10-5). Conclusion SOX1 and SOX14 are methylation biomarkers applicable for screening of all cervical cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Cancer Research Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Robert W van Leeuwen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Cancer Research Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Aniek Boers
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Cancer Research Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harry G Klip
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Cancer Research Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tim de Meyer
- Department of Mathematical Modeling, Statistics and Bio-informatics, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Wim van Criekinge
- Department of Mathematical Modeling, Statistics and Bio-informatics, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ate G J van der Zee
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Cancer Research Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ed Schuuring
- Department of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Cancer Research Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - G Bea A Wisman
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Cancer Research Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Ahmad A, Strohbuecker S, Tufarelli C, Sottile V. Expression of a SOX1 overlapping transcript in neural differentiation and cancer models. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:4245-4258. [PMID: 28674729 PMCID: PMC5641280 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2580-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
SOX1 is a member of the SOXB1 subgroup of transcription factors involved in early embryogenesis, CNS development and maintenance of neural stem cells. The structure and regulation of the human SOX1 locus has been less studied than that of SOX2, another member of the SOXB1 subgroup for which an overlapping transcript has been reported. Here we report that the SOX1 locus harbours a SOX1 overlapping transcript (SOX1-OT), and describe expression, splicing variants and detection of SOX1-OT in different stem and cancer cells. RT-PCR and RACE experiments were performed to detect and characterise the structure of SOX1-OT in neuroprogenitor cultures and across different cancer cell lines. SOX1-OT was found to present a complex structure including several unannotated exons, different transcript variants and at least two potential transcription start sites. SOX1-OT was found to be highly expressed in differentiated neural stem cells across different time points of differentiation, and its expression correlated with SOX1 gene expression. Concomitant expression of SOX1 and SOX1-OT was further observed in several cancer cell models. While the function of this transcript is unknown, the regulatory role reported for other lncRNAs strongly suggests a possible role for SOX1-OT in regulating SOX1 expression, as previously observed for SOX2. The elucidation of the genetic and regulatory context governing SOX1 expression will contribute to clarifying its role in stem cell differentiation and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azaz Ahmad
- Wolfson STEM Centre, Division of Cancer & Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Stephanie Strohbuecker
- Wolfson STEM Centre, Division of Cancer & Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Cristina Tufarelli
- Division of Graduate Entry Medicine & Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK.
| | - Virginie Sottile
- Wolfson STEM Centre, Division of Cancer & Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
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Huang J, Tan ZR, Yu J, Li H, Lv QL, Shao YY, Zhou HH. DNA hypermethylated status and gene expression of PAX1/ SOX1 in patients with colorectal carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:4739-4751. [PMID: 29033587 PMCID: PMC5628670 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s143389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a widespread and aggressive carcinoma with poor prognosis. Hypermethylation of specific gene promoters is an important mechanism of CRC. In this study, we investigated the hypermethylation of paired boxed gene 1 (PAX1) and sex-determining region Y-related high-mobility group box 1 (SOX1) genes in CRC tissues. Methods DNA methylation at cg2,09,07,471 PAX1 and cg0,66,75,478 SOX1 from 166 cancer tissues and 37 normal tissues from CRC patients were compared using datasets downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Quantitative methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction and assay of PAX1 and SOX1 were performed in dissected tumor and paracancerous tissues by surgery from 41 CRC patients. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry assay were performed in both CRC and paired normal tissues to detect mRNA and protein expression, respectively. Results Methylation levels of PAX1/SOX1 genes were significantly higher in cancer tissues than in paired normal tissues. PAX1 and SOX1 genes were methylated in 28 (68.3%) of the 41 CRC samples but in 5 (12.2%) and 0 (0%) of the paired normal control samples (both P<0.001), respectively. Sensitivities and specificities of PAX1 methylation for the detection of cancer were 68.3% and 87.8%, respectively, whereas the corresponding values for SOX1 were 68.3% and 100%. However, the Kaplan–Meier analysis illustrated no significant difference in the overall survivals between patients with high and low methylation levels of SOX1 or PAX1 (P>0.5). In addition, the methylation level of PAX1/SOX1 was significantly higher in CRC patients with high TNM stage (TNM stage III/IV, 3.11±2.43) than those with low TNM stage (TNM stage I/II, 1.26±2.94, P<0.05). Relative RNA and protein expression levels of PAX1/SOX1 were both significantly lower in CRC tissues than in their paired normal tissue. Conclusions This study is the first analysis of the methylation of PAX1/SOX1, which may be new biomarkers for CRC screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, Hunan
| | - Zhi-Rong Tan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, Hunan
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, Hunan
| | - He Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, Hunan
| | - Qiao-Li Lv
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, Hunan
| | - Ying-Ying Shao
- Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong-Hao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, Hunan
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Topalovic V, Krstic A, Schwirtlich M, Dolfini D, Mantovani R, Stevanovic M, Mojsin M. Epigenetic regulation of human SOX3 gene expression during early phases of neural differentiation of NT2/D1 cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184099. [PMID: 28886103 PMCID: PMC5590877 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Sox3/SOX3 is one of the earliest neural markers in vertebrates. Together with the Sox1/SOX1 and Sox2/SOX2 genes it is implicated in the regulation of stem cell identity. In the present study, we performed the first analysis of epigenetic mechanisms (DNA methylation and histone marks) involved in the regulation of the human SOX3 gene expression during RA-induced neural differentiation of NT2/D1 cells. We show that the promoter of the human SOX3 gene is extremely hypomethylated both in undifferentiated NT2/D1 cells and during the early phases of RA-induced neural differentiation. By employing chromatin immunoprecipitation, we analyze several histone modifications across different regions of the SOX3 gene and their dynamics following initiation of differentiation. In the same timeframe we investigate profiles of selected histone marks on the promoters of human SOX1 and SOX2 genes. We demonstrate differences in histone signatures of SOX1, SOX2 and SOX3 genes. Considering the importance of SOXB1 genes in the process of neural differentiation, the present study contributes to a better understanding of epigenetic mechanisms implicated in the regulation of pluripotency maintenance and commitment towards the neural lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladanka Topalovic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Marija Schwirtlich
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Diletta Dolfini
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Milena Stevanovic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Mojsin
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Glioblastoma remains the most common and deadliest type of brain tumor and contains a population of self-renewing, highly tumorigenic glioma stem cells (GSCs), which contributes to tumor initiation and treatment resistance. Developmental programs participating in tissue development and homeostasis re-emerge in GSCs, supporting the development and progression of glioblastoma. SOX1 plays an important role in neural development and neural progenitor pool maintenance. Its impact on glioblastoma remains largely unknown. In this study, we have found that high levels of SOX1 observed in a subset of patients correlate with lower overall survival. At the cellular level, SOX1 expression is elevated in patient-derived GSCs and it is also higher in oncosphere culture compared to differentiation conditions in conventional glioblastoma cell lines. Moreover, genetic inhibition of SOX1 in patient-derived GSCs and conventional cell lines decreases self-renewal and proliferative capacity in vitro and tumor initiation and growth in vivo. Contrarily, SOX1 over-expression moderately promotes self-renewal and proliferation in GSCs. These functions seem to be independent of its activity as Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulator. In summary, these results identify a functional role for SOX1 in regulating glioma cell heterogeneity and plasticity, and suggest SOX1 as a potential target in the GSC population in glioblastoma.
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Abstract
Sex-determining region Y (SRY)-box 9 (SOX9) is a member of the SOX transcription factor family. Increasing evidence has reported that SOX9 plays different roles in various types of malignancies. However, the role of SOX9 in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of SOX9 in PTC. Our results showed that SOX9 was upregulated in PTC tissues and cell lines. In addition, knockdown of SOX9 significantly inhibited PTC proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion, as well as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype in TPC-1 and BCPAP cells. Moreover, knockdown of SOX9 significantly inhibited the expression levels of β-catenin, cyclin D1, and c-Myc in PTC cells. In conclusion, this is the first report demonstrating that knockdown of SOX9 inhibited PTC cell proliferation, invasion, and the EMT process via suppressing Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Thus, SOX9 may act as a novel molecular target for the prevention and treatment of PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, P.R. China
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Rad A, Esmaeili Dizghandi S, Abbaszadegan MR, Taghechian N, Najafi M, Forghanifard MM. SOX1 is correlated to stemness state regulator SALL4 through progression and invasiveness of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Gene 2016; 594:171-175. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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40
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Silencing of SOX12 by shRNA suppresses migration, invasion and proliferation of breast cancer cells. Biosci Rep 2016; 36:BSR20160053. [PMID: 27582508 PMCID: PMC5052717 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20160053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex determining region Y-box protein 12 (SOX12) is essential for embryonic development and cell fate determination. The role of SOX12 in tumorigenesis of breast cancer is not well-understood. Here, we found that SOX12 mRNA expression was up-regulated in human breast cancer tissues. To clarify the roles of SOX12 in breast cancer, we used lentiviral small hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) to suppress its expression in two breast cancer cells with relatively higher expression of SOX12 (BT474 and MCF-7). Our findings strongly suggested that SOX12 was critical for cell migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. We found that silencing of SOX12 significantly decreased the mRNA and protein levels of MMP9 and Twist, while notably increased E-cadherin. Moreover, SOX12 knockdown significantly inhibited the proliferation of breast cancer cells in vitro and the growth of xenograft tumors in vivo Flow cytometry analysis revealed that breast cancer cells with SOX12 knockdown showed cell cycle arrest and decreased mRNA and protein levels of PCNA, CDK2 and Cyclin D1. Taken together, SOX12 plays an important role in growth inhibition through cell-cycle arrest, as well as migration and invasion of breast cancer cells.
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Inokawa Y, Inaoka K, Sonohara F, Hayashi M, Kanda M, Nomoto S. Molecular alterations in the carcinogenesis and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma: Tumor factors and background liver factors. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:3662-3668. [PMID: 27900050 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is associated with poor prognosis worldwide, the molecular mechanisms underlying the carcinogenesis and progression of this disease remain unclear. Several tumor characteristics have previously been demonstrated to be prognostic factors of survival following hepatic resection, or the recurrence of HCC or other types of cancer. Comparisons of normal tissues and HCC tumor tissues have revealed the presence of numerous molecular alterations in HCC, including genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, particularly mutations in certain genes and DNA methylation in the promoter regions of tumor-suppressor genes. A number of studies have previously used array analysis to detect variations in the expression levels of cancer-associated genes and microRNAs, and in DNA methylation. However, an investigation of HCC tumor tissues may not determine the effect of noncancerous liver tissues (background liver) in patients with HCC. As HCC may recur multicentrically following resection, a damaged or chronically diseased HCC background liver may be considered as a pre-cancerous organ. Therefore, the influence of the background liver on HCC requires further study. Detailed studies regarding the background liver may be essential for the improved understanding of the carcinogenesis and progression of this malignancy; however only a few studies have investigated the microenvironment of the HCC background liver. The present review discusses prior molecular studies of hepatocarcinogenesis that focus on HCC and background liver tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikuni Inokawa
- Department of Surgery, Aichi Gakuin University School of Dentistry, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kenichi Inaoka
- Department of Surgery, Aichi Gakuin University School of Dentistry, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Fuminori Sonohara
- Department of Surgery, Aichi Gakuin University School of Dentistry, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masamichi Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Mitsuro Kanda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shuji Nomoto
- Department of Surgery, Aichi Gakuin University School of Dentistry, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
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Chen J, Rajasekaran M, Xia H, Zhang X, Kong SN, Sekar K, Seshachalam VP, Deivasigamani A, Goh BKP, Ooi LL, Hong W, Hui KM. The microtubule-associated protein PRC1 promotes early recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma in association with the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. Gut 2016; 65:1522-34. [PMID: 26941395 PMCID: PMC5036256 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-310625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Alterations in microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) have been observed in HCC. However, the mechanisms underlying these alterations remain poorly understood. Our aim was to study the roles of the MAP protein regulator of cytokinesis 1 (PRC1) in hepatocarcinogenesis and early HCC recurrence. DESIGN PRC1 expression in HCC samples was evaluated by microarray, immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry analysis. Molecular and cellular techniques including siRNA-mediated and lentiviral vector-mediated knockdown were used to elucidate the functions and mechanisms of PRC1. RESULTS PRC1 expression was associated with early HCC recurrence and poor patient outcome. In HCC, PRC1 exerted an oncogenic effect by promoting cancer proliferation, stemness, metastasis and tumourigenesis. We further demonstrated that the expression and distribution of PRC1 is dynamically regulated by Wnt3a signalling. PRC1 knockdown impaired transcription factor (TCF) transcriptional activity, decreased Wnt target expression and reduced nuclear β-catenin levels. Mechanistically, PRC1 interacts with the β-catenin destruction complex, regulates Wnt3a-induced membrane sequestration of this destruction complex, inhibits adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) stability and promotes β-catenin release from the APC complex. In vivo, high PRC1 expression correlated with nuclear β-catenin and Wnt target expression. PRC1 acted as a master regulator of a set of 48 previously identified Wnt-regulated recurrence-associated genes (WRRAGs) in HCC. Thus, PRC1 controlled the expression and function of WRRAGs such as FANCI, SPC25, KIF11 and KIF23 via Wnt signalling. CONCLUSIONS We identified PRC1 as a novel Wnt target that functions in a positive feedback loop that reinforces Wnt signalling to promote early HCC recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiang Chen
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Muthukumar Rajasekaran
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hongping Xia
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiaoqian Zhang
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shik Nie Kong
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Karthik Sekar
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Veerabrahma Pratap Seshachalam
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amudha Deivasigamani
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Brian Kim Poh Goh
- Division of Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - London Lucien Ooi
- Division of Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wanjin Hong
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kam M Hui
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore, Singapore,Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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43
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CD109 Mediates Cell Survival in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Dig Dis Sci 2016; 61:2303-2314. [PMID: 27074923 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-016-4149-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for 75-80 % of primary liver cancer, and usually arises after years of liver disease. Thus it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms which drive or mediate the development of HCC. AIM In this work, we examined whether CD109 was associated with a poor prognosis in HCC and explored possible underlying mechanisms. METHODS We examined the CD109 and Ki67 expression levels in 97 patients with HCC using immunohistochemistry. CD109 levels in HCC cells were down-regulated by shRNA transfection. The cycle progression and cell proliferation status of HCC cells were evaluated by flow cytometry and CCK-8 assay. The effect of CD109 on proliferation and apoptosis was investigated by western blot and TUNEL activity assays. RESULTS The CD109 protein was up-regulated in HCC tissue compared with adjacent noncancerous tissue. CD109 expression levels in the 97 patients with HCC were positively correlated with histological grade. Univariate and multivariate survival analysis revealed that CD109 was a significant predictor of overall survival among HCC patients. CD109 shRNA knockdown delayed the G1-S phase transition, abrogated cell proliferation, and increased cell apoptosis. Furthermore, CD109 impaired TGF-β/Smad signaling through control of p-smad2. CONCLUSIONS CD109 promoted HCC proliferation and predicted poor prognosis. In addition, CD109 expression was associated with anti-apoptosis in HCC cells.
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Xu YR, Yang WX. SOX-mediated molecular crosstalk during the progression of tumorigenesis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 63:23-34. [PMID: 27476113 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
SOX family transcription factor has emerged as a double-edged sword relating to tumorigenesis and metastasis. Multiple studies have revealed different expression patterns and contradictory roles of SOX factors in the tumor initiation and progression. The aberrant expression of SOX factors is regulated by copy number alteration, methylation modulation, microRNAs, transcription factors and post-translational modification. This review summarizes the role of SOX factors in molecular interactions and signaling pathways during different steps of carcinogenesis, such as CSCs stemness maintenance, EMT occurrence, cell invasion, cell proliferation and apoptosis. The Wnt signaling pathway is also shown to provide vital intermediate signaling transduction. We believe that SOX family proteins may be used as prognostic markers for human clinical therapy, and novel therapy strategies targeting SOX factors should be explored in future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ru Xu
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Wan-Xi Yang
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
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Liu X, Zhou J, Zhou N, Zhu J, Feng Y, Miao X. SYNJ2BP inhibits tumor growth and metastasis by activating DLL4 pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2016; 35:115. [PMID: 27440153 PMCID: PMC4955141 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-016-0385-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synaptojanin 2 Binding Protein (SYNJ2BP) is essential to cell proliferation. Previous studies show that SYNJ2BP participates in sprouting angiogenesis, which plays an important part in several abnormal conditions including cancer. However, the activity of SYNJ2BP in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been elucidated yet. METHODS Firstly, real-time PCR and western blotting (WB) were adopted to evaluate SYNJ2BP expressions in HCC tissues and HCC cell lines. Secondly, we did follow-up and prognostic study to explore the association of SYNJ2BP expression and HCC patients prognosis. Thirdly, we induced or silenced SYNJ2BP expression on selected HCC cell lines and explored the function of SYNJ2BP in vitro and in vivo. Lastly, we conducted Cignal Finder Cancer 10-Pathway Reporter Array in combination with loss- and gain-of-function assay to investigate potential mechanisms. RESULTS Through various techniques we found that SYNJ2BP was decreased in HCC tissues and HCC cell lines. The subsequent analysis showed that low expression of SYNJ2BP was associated with tumor size, tumor nodule number, vascular invasion, TNM stage and BCLC stage, and was an independent risk factor for survival of HCC. Later, the in vitro experiments demonstrated that SYNJ2BP inhibited HCC cells invasion, migration and proliferation, also the in vivo testing revealed that SYNJ2BP inhibited tumor growth and metastasis. Finally, we also uncovered that SYNJ2BP inhibited HCC growth and metastasis through activating DLL4-mediated Notch signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our data provide evidence that SYNJ2BP may act as a tumor suppressor during HCC development and could serve as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Jiangjiao Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Ning Zhou
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, 410005, China
| | - Jianwei Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Yong Feng
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Xiongying Miao
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
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Song L, Liu D, He J, Wang X, Dai Z, Zhao Y, Kang H, Wang B. SOX1 inhibits breast cancer cell growth and invasion through suppressing the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. APMIS 2016; 124:547-55. [PMID: 27206213 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingqin Song
- Department of Oncology; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Oncology; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Jianjun He
- Department of Tumor Surgery; The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Xijing Wang
- Department of Oncology; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Zhijun Dai
- Department of Oncology; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Oncology; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Huafeng Kang
- Department of Oncology; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Baofeng Wang
- Department of Oncology; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an Shaanxi China
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Tong X, Li L, Li X, Heng L, Zhong L, Su X, Rong R, Hu S, Liu W, Jia B, Liu X, Kou G, Han J, Guo S, Hu Y, Li C, Tao Q, Guo Y. SOX10, a novel HMG-box-containing tumor suppressor, inhibits growth and metastasis of digestive cancers by suppressing the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Oncotarget 2015; 5:10571-83. [PMID: 25301735 PMCID: PMC4279394 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
SOX10 was identified as a methylated gene in our previous cancer methylome study. Here we further analyzed its epigenetic inactivation, biological functions and related cell signaling in digestive cancers (colorectal, gastric and esophageal cancers) in detail. SOX10 expression was decreased in multiple digestive cancer cell lines as well as primary tumors due to its promoter methylation. Pharmacologic or genetic demethylation reversed SOX10 silencing. Ectopic expression of SOX10in SOX10-deficient cancer cells inhibits their proliferation, tumorigenicity, and metastatic potentials in vitro and in vivo. SOX10 also suppressed the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stemness properties of digestive tumor cells. Mechanistically, SOX10 competes with TCF4 to bind β-catenin and transrepresses its downstream target genes via its own DNA-binding property. SOX10 mutations that disrupt the SOX10-β-catenin interaction partially prevented tumor suppression. SOX10is thus a commonly inactivated tumor suppressor that antagonizes Wnt/β-catenin signaling in cancer cells from different digestive tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tong
- International Joint Cancer Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China. PLA General Hospital Cancer Center Key Laboratory, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China. Department of Pharmacy, Liao Cheng University, Shandong, China
| | - Lili Li
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- International Joint Cancer Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China. PLA General Hospital Cancer Center Key Laboratory, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Heng
- International Joint Cancer Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Zhong
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xianwei Su
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Rong Rong
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Shi Hu
- International Joint Cancer Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjia Liu
- PLA General Hospital Cancer Center Key Laboratory, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Baoqing Jia
- PLA General Hospital Cancer Center Key Laboratory, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Liu
- 150 hospital of Chinese PLA, Luoyang, China
| | - Geng Kou
- International Joint Cancer Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China. Department of Pharmacy, Liao Cheng University, Shandong, China
| | - Jun Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Liao Cheng University, Shandong, China. State Key Laboratory of Antibody Medicine & Targeting Therapy and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering & Antibody, Shanghai, China
| | - Shangjing Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Liao Cheng University, Shandong, China
| | - Yi Hu
- PLA General Hospital Cancer Center Key Laboratory, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Li
- PLA General Hospital Cancer Center Key Laboratory, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Tao
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yajun Guo
- International Joint Cancer Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China. PLA General Hospital Cancer Center Key Laboratory, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China. Department of Pharmacy, Liao Cheng University, Shandong, China. State Key Laboratory of Antibody Medicine & Targeting Therapy and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering & Antibody, Shanghai, China
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NKX6.1 functions as a metastatic suppressor through epigenetic regulation of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Oncogene 2015; 35:2266-78. [PMID: 26257059 PMCID: PMC4855079 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor NKX6.1 (NK6 homeobox 1) is important in the development of pancreatic β-cells and neurons. Although recent publications show that NKX6.1 is hypermethylated and downregulated during tumorigenesis, the function of NKX6.1 in carcinogenesis remains elusive. Here, we address the metastasis suppressor function of human NKX6.1 using cell, animal and clinical analyses. Our data show that NKX6.1 represses tumor formation and metastatic ability both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, NKX6.1 suppresses cell invasion by inhibiting the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). NKX6.1 directly enhances the mRNA level of E-cadherin by recruiting BAF155 coactivator and represses that of vimentin and N-cadherin by recruiting RBBP7 (retinoblastoma binding protein 7) corepressor. Clinical cancer tumors with metastasis show low NKX6.1 protein expression coinciding with low E-cadherin and high vimentin expression. Our results demonstrate that NKX6.1 functions as an EMT suppressor by interacting with different epigenetic modifiers, making it a potential novel therapeutic option.
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Identifying novel biomarkers of gastric cancer through integration analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms and gene expression profile. Int J Biol Markers 2015; 30:e321-6. [PMID: 25982683 DOI: 10.5301/jbm.5000145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are an important cause of functional variation in proteins leading to tumorigenesis. We aimed to identify candidate biomarkers with polymorphisms in gastric cancer (GC). Methods The SNP microarray profile GSE29996 including 50 GC samples and 50 normal controls, and gene expression data GSE56807 consisting of 5 GC samples and 5 controls were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. After preprocessing of raw data, GC-associated SNPs were identified using the Cochran-Armitage trend test, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened out using the limma package in R. Significant DEGs with risk associated SNP loci were screened using the Fisher combination test. Gene ontology function and pathway enrichment analyses were performed for DEGs with risk associated SNP loci by GenCLip online tool. Transcriptional regulatory analysis was also conducted for transcription factor and target DEGs. Results A total of 79 DEGs with risk associated SNP loci were identified from GC samples compared with normal controls. These DEGs were mainly enriched in anatomical structure development, including embryo development. Additionally, DEGs were significantly involved in the NO1 pathway, including actin, alpha 1, skeletal muscle (ACTA1). In the regulatory network, transcription factor forkhead box L1 (FOXL1) regulated 26 DEGs with risk associated SNP loci, including Iroquois homeobox 1 (IRX1) rs11134044, sex determining region Y (SRY)-box1 (SOX1) rs9549447 and msh homeobox 1 (MSX1) rs41451149. Conclusions IRX1, SOX1 and MSX1 with risk associated SNP loci may serve as candidate biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of GC.
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SOX 1, contrary to SOX 2, suppresses proliferation, migration, and invasion in human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:8625-35. [PMID: 26040764 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3389-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex-determining region Y (SRY)-box protein 1 (SOX 1) has been reported to have the inhibiting effects on various cancer cells; however, the expression and effect of SOX 1 on laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) have not been determined. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the anti-proliferation and metastatic effects of SOX 1 and its related mechanisms on LSCC. According to our present study, first, we found that overexpression of SOX 1 could significantly inhibit proliferation and promote apoptosis in Tu212 cells. Additionally, overexpression of SOX 1 suppressed the migration and invasion potential of Tu212 cells via regulating Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Finally, we demonstrated for the first time that overexpression of SOX 1 could downregulate the expression of SOX 2, and co-expression of SOX 1 and SOX 2 could reverse the anti-tumor effect of SOX 1. In conclusion, our studies suggested that SOX 1 suppressed cell growth and invasion in Tu212 cells by inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin pathway, and the anti-tumor effect of SOX 1 could be weakened by SOX 2, which may be a potential molecular basis for clinical treatment of LSCC.
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