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Chang X, Korenblik R, Olij B, Knapen RRMM, van der Leij C, Heise D, den Dulk M, Neumann UP, Schaap FG, van Dam RM, Olde Damink SWM. Influence of cholestasis on portal vein embolization-induced hypertrophy of the future liver remnant. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2023; 408:54. [PMID: 36680689 PMCID: PMC9867667 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-023-02784-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In the pre-clinical setting, hepatocellular bile salt accumulation impairs liver regeneration following partial hepatectomy. Here, we study the impact of cholestasis on portal vein embolization (PVE)-induced hypertrophy of the future liver remnant (FLR). METHODS Patients were enrolled with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (pCCA) or colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) undergoing PVE before a (extended) right hemihepatectomy. Volume of segments II/III was considered FLR and assessed on pre-embolization and post-embolization CT scans. The degree of hypertrophy (DH, percentual increase) and kinetic growth rate (KGR, percentage/week) were used to assess PVE-induced hypertrophy. RESULTS A total of 50 patients (31 CRLM, 19 pCCA) were included. After PVE, the DH and KGR were similar in patients with CRLM and pCCA (5.2 [3.3-6.9] versus 5.7 [3.2-7.4] %, respectively, p = 0.960 for DH; 1.4 [0.9-2.5] versus 1.9 [1.0-2.4] %/week, respectively, p = 0.742 for KGR). Moreover, pCCA patients with or without hyperbilirubinemia had comparable DH (5.6 [3.0-7.5] versus 5.7 [2.4-7.0] %, respectively, p = 0.806) and KGR (1.7 [1.0-2.4] versus 1.9 [0.8-2.4] %/week, respectively, p = 1.000). For patients with pCCA, unilateral drainage in FLR induced a higher DH than bilateral drainage (6.7 [4.9-7.9] versus 2.7 [1.5-4.2] %, p = 0.012). C-reactive protein before PVE was negatively correlated with DH (ρ = - 0.539, p = 0.038) and KGR (ρ = - 0.532, p = 0.041) in patients with pCCA. CONCLUSIONS There was no influence of cholestasis on FLR hypertrophy in patients undergoing PVE. Bilateral drainage and inflammation appeared to be negatively associated with FLR hypertrophy. Further prospective studies with larger and more homogenous patient cohorts are desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Chang
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Remon Korenblik
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bram Olij
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Robrecht R. M. M. Knapen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Christiaan van der Leij
- GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Heise
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marcel den Dulk
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ulf P. Neumann
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Frank G. Schaap
- Department of Surgery, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ronald M. van Dam
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Steven W. M. Olde Damink
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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Liu N, Bauer M, Press AT. The immunological function of CXCR2 in the liver during sepsis. J Inflamm (Lond) 2022; 19:23. [DOI: 10.1186/s12950-022-00321-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The chemokine receptor CXCR2 and its ligands, especially CXCL8, are crucial mediators for the progression of liver inflammation and liver failure in sepsis. Neutrophils have the highest CXCR2 expression in mice and humans, and their activation via CXCL8 facilitates their migration to the inflamed liver for the clearance of the pathogens and, in turn, the inflammation.
Main body
In sepsis, the inflammatory insult causes extensive neutrophil migration to the liver that overwhelms the immune response. To compensate for the strong receptor activation, CXCR2 desensitizes, incapacitating the immune cells to efficiently clear pathogens, causing further life-threatening liver damage and uncontrolled pathogen spread.
Conclusion
CXCR2 function during infection strongly depends on the expressing cell type. It signals pro- and anti-inflammatory effects that may prompt novel cell-type-specific CXCR2-directed therapeutics.
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Zheng J, Lu T, Zhou C, Cai J, Zhang X, Liang J, Sui X, Chen X, Chen L, Sun Y, Zhang J, Chen W, Zhang Y, Yao J, Chen G, Yang Y. Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Protect Liver Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Reducing CD154 Expression on CD4+ T Cells via CCT2. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1903746. [PMID: 32999825 PMCID: PMC7509664 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201903746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
As a cause of postoperative complications and early hepatic failure after liver transplantation, liver ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) still has no effective treatment during clinical administration. Although the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for liver IRI has been previously shown, the underlying mechanisms are not completely clear. It is accepted that MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) are newly uncovered messengers for intercellular communication. Herein, it is reported that umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UC-MSCs) improve liver IRI in mice through their secreted EVs. It is also visualized that UC-MSC-EVs mainly concentrate in liver after 6 h of reperfusion. Furthermore, UC-MSC-EVs are found to significantly modulate the membranous expression of CD154 of intrahepatic CD4+ T cells, which is an initiation of inflammatory response in liver and can aggravate liver IRI. Mechanistically, protein mass spectrum analysis is performed and it is revealed that Chaperonin containing TCP1 subunit 2 (CCT2) enriches in UC-MSC-EVs, which regulates the calcium channels to affect Ca2+ influx and suppress CD154 synthesis in CD4+ T cells. In conclusion, these results highlight the therapeutic potential of UC-MSC-EVs in attenuating liver IRI. This finding suggests that CCT2 from UC-MSC-EVs can modulate CD154 expression of intrahepatic CD4+ T cells during liver IRI through the Ca2+-calcineurin-NFAT1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zheng
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease ResearchGuangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Transplantation MedicineThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University600 Tianhe RoadGuangzhou510630China
| | - Tongyu Lu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease ResearchGuangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Transplantation MedicineThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University600 Tianhe RoadGuangzhou510630China
| | - Chaorong Zhou
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation CenterThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University600 Tianhe RoadGuangzhou510630China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510630China
| | - Jianye Cai
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease ResearchGuangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Transplantation MedicineThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University600 Tianhe RoadGuangzhou510630China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong ProvinceKey Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education InstitutesThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University600 Tianhe RoadGuangzhou510630China
| | - Jinliang Liang
- Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong ProvinceKey Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education InstitutesThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University600 Tianhe RoadGuangzhou510630China
| | - Xin Sui
- Surgical ICUThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University600 Tianhe RoadGuangzhou510630China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Biological Treatment CenterThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University600 Tianhe RoadGuangzhou510630China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease ResearchGuangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Transplantation MedicineThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University600 Tianhe RoadGuangzhou510630China
| | - Yao Sun
- Surgical ICUThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University600 Tianhe RoadGuangzhou510630China
| | - Jiebin Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease ResearchGuangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Transplantation MedicineThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University600 Tianhe RoadGuangzhou510630China
| | - Wenjie Chen
- Biological Treatment CenterThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University600 Tianhe RoadGuangzhou510630China
| | - Yingcai Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease ResearchGuangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Transplantation MedicineThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University600 Tianhe RoadGuangzhou510630China
| | - Jia Yao
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease ResearchGuangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Transplantation MedicineThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University600 Tianhe RoadGuangzhou510630China
| | - Guihua Chen
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease ResearchGuangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Transplantation MedicineThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University600 Tianhe RoadGuangzhou510630China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease ResearchGuangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Transplantation MedicineThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University600 Tianhe RoadGuangzhou510630China
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Zheng J, Chen L, Lu T, Zhang Y, Sui X, Li Y, Huang X, He L, Cai J, Zhou C, Liang J, Chen G, Yao J, Yang Y. MSCs ameliorate hepatocellular apoptosis mediated by PINK1-dependent mitophagy in liver ischemia/reperfusion injury through AMPKα activation. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:256. [PMID: 32312955 PMCID: PMC7171190 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2424-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocyte apoptosis is the main pathophysiological process underlying liver ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Mitochondrial abnormalities have a vital role in hepatocellular damage. The hepatoprotective effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been previously demonstrated. In this study, we aim to investigate the effect and potential mechanism of MSCs against liver I/R injury. Effects of MSCs were studied in mice liver I/R injury model and in a hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model of L02 hepatocytes. The potential mechanisms of MSCs on these in vivo and in vitro I/R-induced hepatocellular apoptosis models were studies. Accompanied by the improvement of hepatic damage, MSCs exhibited capabilities of controlling mitochondrial quality, shown by reduced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) overproduction, decreased the accumulation of mitochondrial fragmentation, restored ATP generation and upregulated mitophagy. Furthermore, we descripted a potential mechanism of MSCs on upregulating mitophagy and found that the reduced Parkin and PINK1 expression and inactivated AMPKα pathway were observed in the liver tissue in I/R model. These effects were reversed by MSCs treatment. In vitro study showed that MSC-conditioned medium (MSC-CM) suppressed hepatocellular apoptosis and inhibited mtROS accumulation in the H/R environment. And these effects of MSC-CM were partially blocked after the cells were transfected with PINK1 siRNA or added with dorsomorphin. Collectively, our findings provide a novel pharmacological mechanism that MSCs exert hepatoprotective effect in liver I/R injury via upregulating PINK1-dependent mitophagy. In addition, this effect might be attributed to the modulation of AMPKα activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zheng
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tongyu Lu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingcai Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Sui
- Surgical Intensive Care Unit, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuna Huang
- Central Experimental Room of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liying He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, 510630, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianye Cai
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaorong Zhou
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinliang Liang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guihua Chen
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jia Yao
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, China.
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Konishi T, Schuster RM, Goetzman HS, Caldwell CC, Lentsch AB. Cell-specific regulatory effects of CXCR2 on cholestatic liver injury. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2019; 317:G773-G783. [PMID: 31604030 PMCID: PMC6962495 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00080.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The CXC chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) is critical for neutrophil recruitment and hepatocellular viability but has not been studied in the context of cholestatic liver injury following bile duct ligation (BDL). The present study sought to elucidate the cell-specific roles of CXCR2 on acute liver injury after BDL. Wild-type and CXCR2-/- mice were subjected BDL. CXCR2 chimeric mice were created to assess the cell-specific role of CXCR2 on liver injury after BDL. SB225002, a selective CXCR2 antagonist, was administrated intraperitoneally after BDL to investigate the potential of pharmacological inhibition. CXCR2-/- mice had significantly less liver injury than wild-type mice at 3 and 14 days after BDL. There was no difference in biliary fibrosis among groups. The chemokines CXCL1 and CXCL2 were induced around areas of necrosis and biliary structures, respectively, both areas where neutrophils accumulated after BDL. CXCR2-/- mice showed significantly less neutrophil accumulation in those injured areas. CXCR2Liver+/Myeloid+ and CXCR2Liver-/Myeloid- mice recapitulated the wild-type and CXCR2-knockout phenotypes, respectively. CXCR2Liver+/Myeloid+ mice suffered higher liver injury than CXCR2Liver+/Myeloid- and CXCR2Liver-/Myeloid+; however, only those chimeras with knockout of myeloid CXCR2 (CXCR2Liver+/Myeloid- and CXCR2Liver-/Myeloid-) showed reduction of neutrophil accumulation around areas of necrosis. Daily administration of SB225002 starting after 3 days of BDL reduced established liver injury at 6 days. In conclusion, neutrophil CXCR2 guides the cell to the site of injury, while CXCR2 on liver cells affects liver damage independent of neutrophil accumulation. CXCR2 appears to be a viable therapeutic target for cholestatic liver injury.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study is the first to reveal cell-specific roles of the chemokine receptor CXCR2 in cholestatic liver injury caused by bile duct ligation. CXCR2 on neutrophils facilitates neutrophil recruitment to the liver, while CXCR2 on liver cells contributes to liver damage independent of neutrophils. CXCR2 may represent a viable therapeutic target for cholestatic liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Konishi
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Rebecca M. Schuster
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Holly S. Goetzman
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Charles C. Caldwell
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Alex B. Lentsch
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Li S, Fujino M, Takahara T, Li XK. Protective role of heme oxygenase-1 in fatty liver ischemia-reperfusion injury. Med Mol Morphol 2019; 52:61-72. [PMID: 30171344 PMCID: PMC6542780 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-018-0205-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is a kind of injury resulting from the restoration of the blood supply after blood vessel closure during liver transplantation and is the main cause of graft failure. The pathophysiological mechanisms of hepatic IR include a variety of oxidative stress responses. Hepatic IR is characterized by ischemia and hypoxia inducing oxidative stress, immune response and apoptosis. Fat-denatured livers are also used as donors due to the lack of liver donors. Fatty liver is less tolerant to IR than normal liver. Heme oxygenase (HO) is an enzyme that breaks down hemoglobin to bilirubin, ferrous iron and carbon monoxide (CO). Inducible HO subtype HO-1 is an important protective molecule in mammalian cells used to improve acute and chronic liver injury owing to its characteristic anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic qualities. HO-1 degrades heme, and its reaction product CO has been shown to reduce hepatic IR injury and increase the survival rate of grafts. As an induced form of HO, HO-1 also exerts a protective effect against liver IR injury and may be useful as a new strategy of ameliorating this kind of damage. This review summarizes the protective effects of HO-1 in liver IR injury, especially in fatty liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowei Li
- Division of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Masayuki Fujino
- Division of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
- AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Terumi Takahara
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Xiao-Kang Li
- Division of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan.
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Constitutive release of CPS1 in bile and its role as a protective cytokine during acute liver injury. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:9125-9134. [PMID: 30979808 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1822173116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase-1 (CPS1) is the major mitochondrial urea cycle enzyme in hepatocytes. It is released into mouse and human blood during acute liver injury, where is has a short half-life. The function of CPS1 in blood and the reason for its short half-life in serum are unknown. We show that CPS1 is released normally into mouse and human bile, and pathologically into blood during acute liver injury. Other cytoplasmic and mitochondrial urea cycle enzymes are also found in normal mouse bile. Serum, bile, and purified CPS1 manifest sedimentation properties that overlap with extracellular vesicles, due to the propensity of CPS1 to aggregate despite being released primarily as a soluble protein. During liver injury, CPS1 in blood is rapidly sequestered by monocytes, leading to monocyte M2-polarization and homing to the liver independent of its enzyme activity. Recombinant CPS1 (rCPS1), but not control r-transferrin, increases hepatic macrophage numbers and phagocytic activity. Notably, rCPS1 does not activate hepatic macrophages directly; rather, it activates bone marrow and circulating monocytes that then home to the liver. rCPS1 administration prevents mouse liver damage induced by Fas ligand or acetaminophen, but this protection is absent in macrophage-deficient mice. Moreover, rCPS1 protects from acetaminophen-induced liver injury even when given therapeutically after injury induction. In summary, CPS1 is normally found in bile but is released by hepatocytes into blood upon liver damage. We demonstrate a nonenzymatic function of CPS1 as an antiinflammatory protective cytokine during acute liver injury.
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Dietary and metabolic modulators of hepatic immunity. Semin Immunopathol 2017; 40:175-188. [PMID: 29110070 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-017-0659-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The liver is the central metabolic organ of the organism and is thus constantly exposed to gut-derived dietary and microbial antigens. The liver maintains homoeostatic tolerance to these mostly harmless antigens. However, the liver also functions as a barrier organ to harmful pathogens and is thus permissive to liver inflammation. The regulation of the delicate balance between liver tolerance and liver inflammation is of vital importance for the organism. In recent years, a general role for dietary components and metabolites as immune mediators has been emerging. However, although the liver is exposed to a great deal of metabolic mediators, surprisingly, little is known about their actual role in the regulation of hepatic immune responses. Here, we will explore the possible impacts of metabolic mediators for homoeostatic and pathological immunity in the liver, by highlighting selected examples of metabolic immune regulation in the liver.
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Brg1-mediated Nrf2/HO-1 pathway activation alleviates hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2841. [PMID: 28569786 PMCID: PMC5520895 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cytoprotective gene heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) could be induced by nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) nuclear translocation. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of Brahma-related gene 1 (Brg1), a catalytic subunit of SWI2/SNF2-like chromatin remodeling complexes, in Nrf2/HO-1 pathway activation during hepatic ischemia–reperfusion (HIR). Our results showed that hepatic Brg1 was inhibited during early HIR while Brg1 overexpression reduced oxidative injury in CMV-Brg1 mice subjected to HIR. Moreover, promoter-driven luciferase assay showed that overexpression of Brg1 by adenovirus transfection in AML12 cells selectively enhanced HO-1 gene expression after hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) treatment but did not affect the other Nrf2 target gene NQO1. Furthermore, inhibition of HO-1 by the selective HO-1 inhibitor zinc protoporphyria could partly reverse the hepatic protective effects of Brg1 overexpression while HO-1-Adv attenuated AML12 cells H/R damage. Further, chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that Brg1 overexpression, which could significantly increase the recruitment of Brg1 protein to HO-1 but not NQO1 promoter, was recruited by Nrf2 to the HO-1 regulatory regions in AML12 hepatocytes subjected to H/R. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that restoration of Brg1 during reperfusion could enhance Nrf2-mediated inducible expression of HO-1 during HIR to effectively increase antioxidant ability to combat against hepatocytes damage.
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Endogenous IL-33 Deficiency Exacerbates Liver Injury and Increases Hepatic Influx of Neutrophils in Acute Murine Viral Hepatitis. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:1359064. [PMID: 28607531 PMCID: PMC5457781 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1359064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The alarmin IL-33 has been described to be upregulated in human and murine viral hepatitis. However, the role of endogenous IL-33 in viral hepatitis remains obscure. We aimed to decipher its function by infecting IL-33-deficient mice (IL-33 KO) and their wild-type (WT) littermates with pathogenic mouse hepatitis virus (L2-MHV3). The IL-33 KO mice were more sensitive to L2-MHV3 infection exhibiting higher levels of AST/ALT, higher tissue damage, significant weight loss, and earlier death. An increased depletion of B and T lymphocytes, NKT cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages was observed 48 h postinfection (PI) in IL-33 KO mice than that in WT mice. In contrast, a massive influx of neutrophils was observed in IL-33 KO mice at 48 h PI. A transcriptomic study of inflammatory and cell-signaling genes revealed the overexpression of IL-6, TNFα, and several chemokines involved in recruitment/activation of neutrophils (CXCL2, CXCL5, CCL2, and CCL6) at 72 h PI in IL-33 KO mice. However, the IFNγ was strongly induced in WT mice with less profound expression in IL-33 KO mice demonstrating that endogenous IL-33 regulated IFNγ expression during L2-MHV3 hepatitis. In conclusion, we demonstrated that endogenous IL-33 had multifaceted immunoregulatory effect during viral hepatitis via induction of IFNγ, survival effect on immune cells, and infiltration of neutrophils in the liver.
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Wieser V, Adolph TE, Enrich B, Kuliopulos A, Kaser A, Tilg H, Kaneider NC. Reversal of murine alcoholic steatohepatitis by pepducin-based functional blockade of interleukin-8 receptors. Gut 2017; 66:930-938. [PMID: 26858343 PMCID: PMC5531226 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-310344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alcoholic steatohepatitis is a life-threatening condition with short-term mortality up to 40%. It features hepatic neutrophil infiltration and blood neutrophilia, and may evolve from ethanol-induced breakdown of the enteric barrier and consequent bacteraemia. Signalling through CXCR1/2 G-protein-coupled-receptors (GPCRs), the interleukin (IL)-8 receptors, is critical for the recruitment and activation of neutrophils. We have developed short lipopeptides (pepducins), which inhibit post-ligand GPCR activation precisely targeting individual GPCRs. DESIGN Experimental alcoholic liver disease was induced by administering alcohol and a Lieber-DeCarli high-fat diet. CXCR1/2 GPCRs were blocked via pepducins either from onset of the experiment or after disease was fully established. Hepatic inflammatory infiltration, hepatocyte lipid accumulation and overall survival were assessed as primary outcome parameters. Neutrophil activation was assessed by myeloperoxidase activity and liver cell damage by aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase plasma levels. Chemotaxis assays were performed to identify chemoattractant signals derived from alcohol-exposed hepatocytes. RESULTS Here, we show that experimental alcoholic liver disease is driven by CXCR1/2-dependent activation of neutrophils. CXCR1/2-specific pepducins not only protected mice from liver inflammation, weight loss and mortality associated with experimental alcoholic liver disease, but therapeutic administration cured disease and prevented further mortality in fully established disease. Hepatic neutrophil infiltration and triglyceride accumulation was abrogated by CXCR1/2 blockade. Moreover, CXCL-1 plasma levels were decreased with the pepducin therapy as was the transcription of hepatic IL-1β mRNA. CONCLUSIONS We propose that high circulating IL-8 in human alcoholic hepatitis may cause pathogenic overzealous neutrophil activation, and therapeutic blockade via pepducins merits clinical study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Wieser
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria,Christian Doppler Research Laboratory for Gut Inflammation, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Timon E Adolph
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Barbara Enrich
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Athan Kuliopulos
- Center for Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research, Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Arthur Kaser
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria,Christian Doppler Research Laboratory for Gut Inflammation, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nicole C Kaneider
- Christian Doppler Research Laboratory for Gut Inflammation, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Wilson GC, Kuboki S, Freeman CM, Nojima H, Schuster RM, Edwards MJ, Lentsch AB. CXC chemokines function as a rheostat for hepatocyte proliferation and liver regeneration. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120092. [PMID: 25756662 PMCID: PMC4355613 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Our previous in vitro studies have demonstrated dose-dependent effects of CXCR2 ligands on hepatocyte cell death and proliferation. In the current study, we sought to determine if CXCR2 ligand concentration is responsible for the divergent effects of these mediators on liver regeneration after ischemia/reperfusion injury and partial hepatectomy. Methods Murine models of partial ischemia/reperfusion injury and hepatectomy were used to study the effect of CXCR2 ligands on liver regeneration. Results We found that hepatic expression of the CXCR2 ligands, macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) and keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC), was significantly increased after both I/R injury and partial hepatectomy. However, expression of these ligands after I/R injury was 30-100-fold greater than after hepatectomy. Interestingly, the same pattern of expression was found in ischemic versus non-ischemic liver lobes following I/R injury with expression significantly greater in the ischemic liver lobes. In both systems, lower ligand expression was associated with increased hepatocyte proliferation and liver regeneration in a CXCR2-dependent fashion. To confirm that these effects were related to ligand concentration, we administered exogenous MIP-2 and KC to mice undergoing partial hepatectomy. Mice received a “high” dose that replicated serum levels found after I/R injury and a “low” dose that was similar to that found after hepatectomy. Mice receiving the “high” dose had reduced levels of hepatocyte proliferation and regeneration whereas the “low” dose promoted hepatocyte proliferation and regeneration. Conclusions Together, these data demonstrate that concentrations of CXC chemokines regulate the hepatic proliferative response and subsequent liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory C. Wilson
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Satoshi Kuboki
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Christopher M. Freeman
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Hiroyuki Nojima
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Rebecca M. Schuster
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Edwards
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Alex B. Lentsch
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Ansari AWW, Schmidt RE, Shankar EM, Kamarulzaman A. Immuno-pathomechanism of liver fibrosis: targeting chemokine CCL2-mediated HIV:HCV nexus. J Transl Med 2014; 12:341. [PMID: 25528160 PMCID: PMC4272802 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-014-0341-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Even in the era of successful combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), co-infection of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains one of the leading causes of non-AIDS-related mortality and morbidity among HIV-positive individuals as a consequence of accelerated liver fibrosis and end-stage liver disease (ESLD). The perturbed liver microenvironment and induction of host pro-inflammatory mediators in response to HIV and HCV infections, play a pivotal role in orchestrating the disease pathogenesis and clinical outcomes. How these viruses communicate each other via chemokine CCL2 and exploit the liver specific cellular environment to exacerbate liver fibrosis in HIV/HCV co-infection setting is a topic of intense discussion. Herein, we provide recent views and insights on potential mechanisms of CCL2 mediated immuno-pathogenesis, and HIV-HCV cross-talk in driving liver inflammation. We believe CCL2 may potentially serve an attractive target of anti-fibrotic intervention against HIV/HCV co-infection associated co-morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- A W Wahid Ansari
- Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lambah Pantai 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Russo RC, Garcia CC, Teixeira MM, Amaral FA. The CXCL8/IL-8 chemokine family and its receptors in inflammatory diseases. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 10:593-619. [DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2014.894886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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The role of chemokines in acute and chronic hepatitis C infection. Cell Mol Immunol 2013; 11:25-40. [PMID: 23954947 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2013.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C imposes a significant burden on global healthcare. Chronic infection is associated with progressive inflammation of the liver which typically manifests in cirrhosis, organ failure and cancer. By virtue of elaborate evasion strategies, hepatitis C virus (HCV) succeeds as a persistent human virus. It has an extraordinary capacity to subvert the immune response enabling it to establish chronic infections and associated liver disease. Chemokines are low molecular weight chemotactic peptides that mediate the recruitment of inflammatory cells into tissues and back into the lymphatics and peripheral blood. Thus, they are central to the temporal and spatial distribution of effector and regulatory immune cells. The interactions between chemokines and their cognate receptors help shape the immune response and therefore, have a major influence on the outcome of infection. However, chemokines represent a target for modulation by viruses including the HCV. HCV is known to modulate chemokine expression in vitro and may therefore enable its survival by subverting the immune response in vivo through altered leukocyte chemotaxis resulting in impaired viral clearance and the establishment of chronic low-grade inflammation. In this review, the roles of chemokines in acute and chronic HCV infection are described with a particular emphasis placed on chemokine modulation as a means of immune subversion. We provide an in depth discussion of the part played by chemokines in mediating hepatic fibrosis while addressing the potential applications for these chemoattractants in prognostic medicine.
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