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Baky NAA, Fouad LM, Ahmed KA, Alzokaky AA. Mechanistic insight into the hepatoprotective effect of Moringa oleifera Lam leaf extract and telmisartan against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis: plausible roles of TGF-β1/SMAD3/SMAD7 and HDAC2/NF-κB/PPARγ pathways. Drug Chem Toxicol 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38835191 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2024.2358066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence and limited therapeutic options for liver fibrosis necessitates more medical attention. Our study aims to investigate the potential molecular targets by which Moringa oleifera Lam leaf extract (Mor) and/or telmisartan (Telm) alleviate carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis in rats. Liver fibrosis was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by intraperitoneal injection of 50% CCl4 (1 ml/kg) every 72 hours, for 8 weeks. Intoxicated rats with CCl4 were simultaneously orally administrated Mor (400 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks) and/or Telm (10 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks). Treatment of CCl4-intoxicated rats with Mor/Telm significantly reduced serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities compared to CCl4 intoxicated group (P < 0.001). Additionally, Mor/Telm treatment significantly reduced the level of hepatic inflammatory, profibrotic, and apoptotic markers including; nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), transforming growth factor-βeta1 (TGF-β1), and caspase-3. Interestingly, co-treatment of CCl4-intoxicated rats with Mor/Telm downregulated m-RNA expression of histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) (71.8%), and reduced protein expression of mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 (p-SMAD3) (70.6%) compared to untreated animals. Mor/Telm regimen also elevated p-SMAD7 protein expression as well as m-RNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) (3.6 and 3.1 fold, respectively p < 0.05) compared to CCl4 intoxicated group. Histopathological picture of the liver tissue intoxicated with CCl4 revealed marked improvement by Mor/Telm co-treatment. Conclusively, this study substantiated the hepatoprotective effect of Mor/Telm regimen against CCl4-induced liver fibrosis through suppression of TGF-β1/SMAD3, and HDAC2/NF-κB signaling pathways and up-regulation of SMAD7 and PPARγ expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayira A Abdel Baky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Lamiaa M Fouad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Kawkab A Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amany A Alzokaky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University, New Damietta, Egypt
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Li Y, Yang C, Xie L, Shi F, Tang M, Luo X, Liu N, Hu X, Zhu Y, Bode AM, Gao Q, Zhou J, Fan J, Li X, Cao Y. CYLD induces high oxidative stress and DNA damage through class I HDACs to promote radiosensitivity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:95. [PMID: 38287022 PMCID: PMC10824711 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06419-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Abnormal expression of Cylindromatosis (CYLD), a tumor suppressor molecule, plays an important role in tumor development and treatment. In this work, we found that CYLD binds to class I histone deacetylases (HDAC1 and HDAC2) through its N-terminal domain and inhibits HDAC1 activity. RNA sequencing showed that CYLD-HDAC axis regulates cellular antioxidant response via Nrf2 and its target genes. Then we revealed a mechanism that class I HDACs mediate redox abnormalities in CYLD low-expressing tumors. HDACs are central players in the DNA damage signaling. We further confirmed that CYLD regulates radiation-induced DNA damage and repair response through inhibiting class I HDACs. Furthermore, CYLD mediates nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell radiosensitivity through class I HDACs. Thus, we identified the function of the CYLD-HDAC axis in radiotherapy and blocking HDACs by Chidamide can increase the sensitivity of cancer cells and tumors to radiation therapy both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, ChIP and luciferase reporter assays revealed that CYLD could be transcriptionally regulated by zinc finger protein 202 (ZNF202). Our findings offer novel insight into the function of CYLD in tumor and uncover important roles for CYLD-HDAC axis in radiosensitivity, which provide new molecular target and therapeutic strategy for tumor radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueshuo Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders/ Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of National Health Commission, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Chenxing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of National Health Commission, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Longlong Xie
- Children's Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Feng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of National Health Commission, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Min Tang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of National Health Commission, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- Molecular Imaging Research Center of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangjian Luo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of National Health Commission, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- Molecular Imaging Research Center of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Na Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of National Health Commission, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Xudong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of National Health Commission, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Yongwei Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders/ Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Ann M Bode
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, 55912, USA
| | - Qiang Gao
- Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Jia Fan
- Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Xuejun Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders/ Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
| | - Ya Cao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of National Health Commission, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
- Molecular Imaging Research Center of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- Department of Radiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders/ Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
- Research Center for Technologies of Nucleic Acid-Based Diagnostics and Therapeutics Hunan Province, Changsha, 410078, China.
- National Joint Engineering Research Center for Genetic Diagnostics of Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Changsha, 410078, China.
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Wang Y, Abrol R, Mak JYW, Das Gupta K, Ramnath D, Karunakaran D, Fairlie DP, Sweet MJ. Histone deacetylase 7: a signalling hub controlling development, inflammation, metabolism and disease. FEBS J 2023; 290:2805-2832. [PMID: 35303381 PMCID: PMC10952174 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) catalyse removal of acetyl groups from lysine residues on both histone and non-histone proteins to control numerous cellular processes. Of the 11 zinc-dependent classical HDACs, HDAC4, 5, 7 and 9 are class IIa HDAC enzymes that regulate cellular and developmental processes through both enzymatic and non-enzymatic mechanisms. Over the last two decades, HDAC7 has been associated with key roles in numerous physiological and pathological processes. Molecular, cellular, in vivo and disease association studies have revealed that HDAC7 acts through multiple mechanisms to control biological processes in immune cells, osteoclasts, muscle, the endothelium and epithelium. This HDAC protein regulates gene expression, cell proliferation, cell differentiation and cell survival and consequently controls development, angiogenesis, immune functions, inflammation and metabolism. This review focuses on the cell biology of HDAC7, including the regulation of its cellular localisation and molecular mechanisms of action, as well as its associative and causal links with cancer and inflammatory, metabolic and fibrotic diseases. We also review the development status of small molecule inhibitors targeting HDAC7 and their potential for intervention in different disease contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhuo Wang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB)The University of QueenslandSt. LuciaAustralia
- IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease ResearchThe University of QueenslandSt. LuciaAustralia
| | - Rishika Abrol
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB)The University of QueenslandSt. LuciaAustralia
- IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease ResearchThe University of QueenslandSt. LuciaAustralia
| | - Jeffrey Y. W. Mak
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB)The University of QueenslandSt. LuciaAustralia
| | - Kaustav Das Gupta
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB)The University of QueenslandSt. LuciaAustralia
- IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease ResearchThe University of QueenslandSt. LuciaAustralia
| | - Divya Ramnath
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB)The University of QueenslandSt. LuciaAustralia
- IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease ResearchThe University of QueenslandSt. LuciaAustralia
| | - Denuja Karunakaran
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB)The University of QueenslandSt. LuciaAustralia
- IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease ResearchThe University of QueenslandSt. LuciaAustralia
| | - David P. Fairlie
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB)The University of QueenslandSt. LuciaAustralia
- IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease ResearchThe University of QueenslandSt. LuciaAustralia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research CentreThe University of QueenslandSt. LuciaAustralia
| | - Matthew J. Sweet
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB)The University of QueenslandSt. LuciaAustralia
- IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease ResearchThe University of QueenslandSt. LuciaAustralia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research CentreThe University of QueenslandSt. LuciaAustralia
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Liu Y, Wen D, Ho C, Yu L, Zheng D, O'Reilly S, Gao Y, Li Q, Zhang Y. Epigenetics as a versatile regulator of fibrosis. J Transl Med 2023; 21:164. [PMID: 36864460 PMCID: PMC9983257 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04018-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis, a process caused by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM), is a common cause and outcome of organ failure and even death. Researchers have made many efforts to understand the mechanism of fibrogenesis and to develop therapeutic strategies; yet, the outcome remains unsatisfactory. In recent years, advances in epigenetics, including chromatin remodeling, histone modification, DNA methylation, and noncoding RNA (ncRNA), have provided more insights into the fibrotic process and have suggested the possibility of novel therapy for organ fibrosis. In this review, we summarize the current research on the epigenetic mechanisms involved in organ fibrosis and their possible clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangdan Liu
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Dongsheng Wen
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Chiakang Ho
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Danning Zheng
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | | | - Ya Gao
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Qingfeng Li
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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5
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Clinical significance of cylindromatosis expression in primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Arab J Gastroenterol 2023; 24:58-64. [PMID: 36720665 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajg.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIM There is currently a lack of sensitive biomarkers for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Low expression of cylindromatosis (CYLD), a tumor suppressor gene that encodes a deubiquitinase, is associated with the development of HCC. The present study, therefore, aimed to determine the clinical utility of measuring CYLD expression in the early diagnosis of HCC. PATIENTS AND METHODS The present study comprised 257 patients from the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University including 90 patients with HCC, 41 patients with liver cirrhosis (LC), 46 patients with hepatitis B (HB), and 80 healthy controls. qPCR was used to measure the amounts of CYLD mRNA in stored blood samples. The sensitivity and specificity of CYLD mRNA in diagnosing HCC was analyzed using receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves. We also obtained HCC data from the Oncomine database to further verify our results. RESULTS The relative levels of CYLD mRNA in peripheral blood from patients with HCC (median, 0.060; interquartile range [IQR], 0.019-0.260) was significantly lower than in blood from patients with LC (median, 3.732; IQR, 0.648-14.573), HB (median, 0.419; IQR, 0.255-1.809) and healthy controls (median, 1.262; IQR, 0.279-3.537; P < 0.05). CYLD mRNA levels in peripheral blood were significantly higher in patients with LC compared to healthy controls and patients with HB. Oncomine data demonstrated that CYLD mRNA expression levels in HCC tissues were significantly lower than in normal liver tissues. ROC analysis demonstrated that the combined use of peripheral blood levels of CYLD and AFP had the greatest diagnostic accuracy for HCC (area under the curve (AUC), 0.897; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 0.853-0.942). CYLD had utility as a supplementary marker to AFP for diagnosing HCC. CONCLUSION Circulating levels of CYLD mRNA are significantly decreased in patients with HCC, indicating CYLD may have utility as a biomarker of HCC. Combined measurement of CYLD mRNA and AFP protein had the greatest diagnostic accuracy.
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Zhang X, Zhang Y, Zhou P, Ai J, Liu X, Zhang Q, Wang Z, Wang H, Zhang W, Zhang J, Huang Y. Down-regulated cylindromatosis enhances NF-κB activation and aggravates inflammation in HBV-ACLF patients. Emerg Microbes Infect 2022; 11:1586-1601. [PMID: 35579924 PMCID: PMC9186363 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2077128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of liver in patients with hepatitis B virus-associated acute chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) remains largely unknown. We aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of liver in HBV-ACLF patients by using multiple approaches including transcriptome analysis. We performed transcriptomic sequencing analysis on the liver of HBV-ACLF patients (n = 6), chronic hepatitis B (n = 6), liver cirrhosis (n = 6) and normal control (n = 5), then explored the potential pathogenesis mechanism in liver specimen from another 48 subjects and further validated the molecular and cellular mechanisms using THP-1 cells. RNA-sequencing data analysis indicated that, among the genes up-regulated in HBV-ACLF, genes related to inflammatory response and chemotaxis accounted for a large proportion of the total DEGs. A number of key chemokines (CCL2, CCL5, CCL20, CXCL5, CXCL6, CXCL8) and NF-ĸB pathway were identified to be robust in the liver samples from HBV-ACLF patients. Interestingly, cylindromatosis (CYLD) was found to be downregulated in the liver of HBV-ACLF patients, in line with the well-established role of CYLD in regulating most of the chemokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines (CCL2, CCL5, CCL20, CXCL5, CXCL6, CXCL8, IL-6, IL-1β) via inhibition of NF-ĸB. Indeed, the knockdown of CYLD resulted in sustained activation of NF-ĸB in macrophages and enhanced chemokines and inflammatory cytokines production, which in turn enhanced chemotactic migration of neutrophil, monocyte, T lymphocytes, and NK cell. In conclusions, down-regulated CYLD aggravated inflammatory cell chemotaxis through enhancing NF-κB activation in HBV-ACLF patients, thereby participating in the pathogenesis of HBV-ACLF injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyun Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Pu Zhou
- Huashan Worldwide Medical Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwen Ai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqin Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanbao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengxin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhong Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiming Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/MOH), Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Infectious Diseases Jing'An Branch of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxian Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hepatology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Wang J, Li J, Zhang X, Zhang M, Hu X, Yin H. Molecular mechanisms of histone deacetylases and inhibitors in renal fibrosis progression. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:986405. [PMID: 36148005 PMCID: PMC9485629 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.986405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a common progressive manifestation of chronic kidney disease. This phenomenon of self-repair in response to kidney damage seriously affects the normal filtration function of the kidney. Yet, there are no specific treatments for the condition, which marks fibrosis as an irreversible pathological sequela. As such, there is a pressing need to improve our understanding of how fibrosis develops at the cellular and molecular levels and explore specific targeted therapies for these pathogenic mechanisms. It is now generally accepted that renal fibrosis is a pathological transition mediated by extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, abnormal activation of myofibroblasts, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of renal tubular epithelial cells under the regulation of TGF-β. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) appear to play an essential role in promoting renal fibrosis through non-histone epigenetic modifications. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of renal fibrosis and the signaling pathways that might be involved in HDACs in renal fibrosis, and the specific mechanisms of action of various HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) in the anti-fibrotic process to elucidate HDACi as a novel therapeutic tool to slow down the progression of renal fibrosis.
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8
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Liu YR, Wang JQ, Huang ZG, Chen RN, Cao X, Zhu DC, Yu HX, Wang XR, Zhou HY, Xia Q, Li J. Histone deacetylase‑2: A potential regulator and therapeutic target in liver disease (Review). Int J Mol Med 2021; 48:131. [PMID: 34013366 PMCID: PMC8136123 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone acetyltransferases are responsible for histone acetylation, while histone deacetylases (HDACs) counteract histone acetylation. An unbalanced dynamic between histone acetylation and deacetylation may lead to aberrant chromatin landscape and chromosomal function. HDAC2, a member of class I HDAC family, serves a crucial role in the modulation of cell signaling, immune response and gene expression. HDAC2 has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for liver disease by regulating gene transcription, chromatin remodeling, signal transduction and nuclear reprogramming, thus receiving attention from researchers and clinicians. The present review introduces biological information of HDAC2 and its physiological and biochemical functions. Secondly, the functional roles of HDAC2 in liver disease are discussed in terms of hepatocyte apoptosis and proliferation, liver regeneration, hepatocellular carcinoma, liver fibrosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Moreover, abnormal expression of HDAC2 may be involved in the pathogenesis of liver disease, and its expression levels and pharmacological activity may represent potential biomarkers of liver disease. Finally, research on selective HDAC2 inhibitors and non-coding RNAs relevant to HDAC2 expression in liver disease is also reviewed. The aim of the present review was to improve understanding of the multifunctional role and potential regulatory mechanism of HDAC2 in liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ru Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Jie-Quan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230000, P.R. China
| | - Zhao-Gang Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Ruo-Nan Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Xi Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Chun Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Xia Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Rong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Yun Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Quan Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Jun Li
- The Key Laboratory of Anti‑inflammatory Immune Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
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9
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Wang F, Malnassy G, Qiu W. The Epigenetic Regulation of Microenvironment in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:653037. [PMID: 33791228 PMCID: PMC8005717 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.653037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly lethal and complex malignancy strongly influenced by the surrounding tumor microenvironment. The HCC microenvironment comprises hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), stromal and endothelial cells, and the underlying extracellular matrix (ECM). Emerging evidence demonstrates that epigenetic regulation plays a crucial role in altering numerous components of the HCC tumor microenvironment. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the mechanisms of epigenetic regulation of the microenvironment in HCC. We review recent studies demonstrating how specific epigenetic mechanisms (DNA methylation, histone regulation, and non-coding RNAs mediated regulation) in HSCs, TAMs, and ECM, and how they contribute to HCC development, so as to gain new insights into the treatment of HCC via regulating epigenetic regulation in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, United States.,Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Greg Malnassy
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, United States.,Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Wei Qiu
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, United States.,Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, United States
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10
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Mak JYW, Wu KC, Gupta PK, Barbero S, McLaughlin MG, Lucke AJ, Tng J, Lim J, Loh Z, Sweet MJ, Reid RC, Liu L, Fairlie DP. HDAC7 Inhibition by Phenacetyl and Phenylbenzoyl Hydroxamates. J Med Chem 2021; 64:2186-2204. [PMID: 33570940 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The zinc-containing histone deacetylase enzyme HDAC7 is emerging as an important regulator of immunometabolism and cancer. Here, we exploit a cavity in HDAC7, filled by Tyr303 in HDAC1, to derive new inhibitors. Phenacetyl hydroxamates and 2-phenylbenzoyl hydroxamates bind to Zn2+ and are 50-2700-fold more selective inhibitors of HDAC7 than HDAC1. Phenylbenzoyl hydroxamates are 30-70-fold more potent HDAC7 inhibitors than phenacetyl hydroxamates, which is attributed to the benzoyl aromatic group interacting with Phe679 and Phe738. Phthalimide capping groups, including a saccharin analogue, decrease rotational freedom and provide hydrogen bond acceptor carbonyl/sulfonamide oxygens that increase inhibitor potency, liver microsome stability, solubility, and cell activity. Despite being the most potent HDAC7 inhibitors to date, they are not selective among class IIa enzymes. These strategies may help to produce tools for interrogating HDAC7 biology related to its catalytic site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Y W Mak
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Kai-Chen Wu
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.,Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Praveer K Gupta
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Sheila Barbero
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Maddison G McLaughlin
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Andrew J Lucke
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Jiahui Tng
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Junxian Lim
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.,Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Zhixuan Loh
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.,Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Matthew J Sweet
- Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Robert C Reid
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.,Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Ligong Liu
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.,Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - David P Fairlie
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.,Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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11
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Fu YW, Li L, Wang XQ, Zhou Y, Zhu LF, Mei YM, Xu Y. The inhibitory effect of the deubiquitinase cylindromatosis (CYLD) on inflammatory responses in human gingival fibroblasts. Oral Dis 2020; 27:1487-1497. [PMID: 33031609 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Experiments were performed to evaluate CYLD expression in human gingival tissue samples and to examine the effects of CYLD on inflammatory responses in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- or TNF-α-stimulated human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). METHODS Immunohistochemistry for CYLD and p65 expression was performed with healthy and inflamed gingival tissue samples. siRNA was used to knock down the expression of CYLD in HGFs. Upon LPS or TNF-α stimulation, NF-κB activation was detected in control and CYLD-knockdown HGFs. RT-PCR was applied to determine gene expression. Western blot analyses were employed to assess protein expression. Immunofluorescence staining was carried out to evaluate the nuclear translocation of p65. RESULTS Immunohistochemical staining showed the expression of CYLD in human gingival tissues. In addition, CYLD protein expression was reduced in inflamed gingival tissue samples compared with healthy tissue samples. CYLD knockdown greatly enhanced the mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines in LPS- or TNF-α-stimulated HGFs. Furthermore, knocking down CYLD expression increased LPS-stimulated NF-κB activation in HGFs. Unexpectedly, CYLD knockdown did not affect TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that CYLD participates in periodontal inflammatory responses by negatively regulating LPS-induced NF-κB signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Wei Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Periodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Stomatology, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
| | - Lu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Periodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Periodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Periodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li-Fang Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Periodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - You-Min Mei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Periodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Periodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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12
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Functional analysis of deubiquitylating enzymes in tumorigenesis and development. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2019; 1872:188312. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2019.188312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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13
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Zhang J, Zhou Q, Wang H, Huang M, Shi J, Han F, Cai W, Li Y, He T, Hu D. MicroRNA-130a has pro-fibroproliferative potential in hypertrophic scar by targeting CYLD. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 671:152-161. [PMID: 31283910 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hypertrophic scars are dermal fibrosis diseases that protrude from the surface of the skin and irregularly extend to the periphery, seriously affecting the appearance and limb function of the patient. In this study, we found that microRNA-130a (miR-130a) was increased in hypertrophic scar tissues and derived primary fibroblasts, accompanied by up-regulation of collagen1/3 and α-SMA. Inhibition of miR-130a in hypertrophic scars fibroblasts suppressed the expression of collagen1/3 and α-SMA as well as the cell proliferation. Bioinformatics analysis combined with luciferase reporter gene assay results indicated that CYLD was a target gene of miR-130a, and the miR-130a mimic could reduce the level of CYLD. In contrast to miR-130a, the expression of CYLD was downregulated in hypertrophic scars and their derived fibroblasts. Overexpressing CYLD inhibited the expression of collagen 1/3 and α-SMA, slowed cell proliferation, and inhibited Akt activity. As expected, further study showed that the overexpression of CYLD could prevent the pro-fibroproliferative effects of miR-130a. Consistent with the in vitro results, the inhibitor of miR-130a effectively ameliorated excessive collagen deposition in bleomycin-induced skin fibrosis mouse model. Taken together, our results indicate that miR-130a promotes collagen secretion, myofibroblast transformation and cell proliferation by targeting CYLD and enhancing Akt activity. Therefore, the miR-130a/CYLD/Akt pathway may serve as a novel entry point for future skin fibrosis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, PR China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, PR China
| | - Hongtao Wang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, PR China
| | - Meiling Huang
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, PR China
| | - Jihong Shi
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, PR China
| | - Fu Han
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, PR China
| | - Weixia Cai
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, PR China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, PR China
| | - Ting He
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, PR China
| | - Dahai Hu
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, PR China.
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14
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Barcena-Varela M, Colyn L, Fernandez-Barrena MG. Epigenetic Mechanisms in Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation During Liver Fibrosis and Carcinogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2507. [PMID: 31117267 PMCID: PMC6566358 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is an essential component of chronic liver disease (CLD) and hepatocarcinogenesis. The fibrotic stroma is a consequence of sustained liver damage combined with exacerbated extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation. In this context, activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) plays a key role in both initiation and perpetuation of fibrogenesis. These cells suffer profound remodeling of gene expression in this process. This review is focused on the epigenetic alterations participating in the transdifferentiation of HSCs from the quiescent to activated state. Recent advances in the field of DNA methylation and post-translational modifications (PTM) of histones (acetylation and methylation) patterns are discussed here, together with altered expression and activity of epigenetic remodelers. We also consider recent advances in translational approaches, including the use of epigenetic marks as biomarkers and the promising antifibrotic properties of epigenetic drugs that are currently being used in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leticia Colyn
- Hepatology Program, CIMA, University of Navarra, 31180 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Maite G Fernandez-Barrena
- Hepatology Program, CIMA, University of Navarra, 31180 Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Navarra-IdiSNA, 31180 Pamplona, Spain.
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15
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Schmidt KM, Dietrich P, Hackl C, Guenzle J, Bronsert P, Wagner C, Fichtner-Feigl S, Schlitt HJ, Geissler EK, Hellerbrand C, Lang SA. Inhibition of mTORC2/RICTOR Impairs Melanoma Hepatic Metastasis. Neoplasia 2018; 20:1198-1208. [PMID: 30404068 PMCID: PMC6224335 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) with its pivotal component rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR (RICTOR) is the major regulator of AKT phosphorylation and is increasingly implicated in tumor growth and progression. In cutaneous melanoma, an extremely aggressive and highly metastatic disease, RICTOR overexpression is involved in tumor development and invasiveness. Therefore, we investigated the impact of RICTOR inhibition in melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo with special emphasis on hepatic metastasis. Moreover, our study focused on the interaction of tumor cells and hepatic stellate cells (HSC) which play a crucial role in the hepatic microenvironment. In silico analysis revealed increased RICTOR expression in melanoma cells and tissues and indicated higher expression in advanced melanoma stages and metastases. In vitro, transient RICTOR knock-down via siRNA caused a significant reduction of tumor cell motility. Using a syngeneic murine splenic injection model, a significant decrease in liver metastasis burden was detected in vivo. Moreover, stimulation of melanoma cells with conditioned medium (CM) from activated HSC or hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) led to a significant induction of AKT phosphorylation and tumor cell motility. Blocking of RICTOR expression in cancer cells diminished constitutive and HGF-induced AKT phosphorylation as well as cell motility. Interestingly, RICTOR blockade also led to an abrogation of CM-induced effects on AKT phosphorylation and motility in melanoma cells. In conclusion, these results provide first evidence for a critical role of mTORC2/RICTOR in melanoma liver metastasis via cancer cell/HSC interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina M Schmidt
- Department of Surgery, Regensburg University Hospital, Franz-Josef-Strauss Allee 9, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Peter Dietrich
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstrasse 17, Germany; Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Christina Hackl
- Department of Surgery, Regensburg University Hospital, Franz-Josef-Strauss Allee 9, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Jessica Guenzle
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, Germany.
| | - Peter Bronsert
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Strasse 115a, Germany; Tumorbank Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Strasse 115a, Germany.
| | - Christine Wagner
- Department of Surgery, Regensburg University Hospital, Franz-Josef-Strauss Allee 9, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Stefan Fichtner-Feigl
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, Germany.
| | - Hans J Schlitt
- Department of Surgery, Regensburg University Hospital, Franz-Josef-Strauss Allee 9, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Edward K Geissler
- Department of Surgery, Regensburg University Hospital, Franz-Josef-Strauss Allee 9, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Claus Hellerbrand
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstrasse 17, Germany.
| | - Sven A Lang
- Department of Surgery, Regensburg University Hospital, Franz-Josef-Strauss Allee 9, Regensburg, Germany; Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, Germany.
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16
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Long Y, Chen W, Du Q, Zuo X, Zhu H. Ubiquitination in Scleroderma Fibrosis and Its Treatment. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2383. [PMID: 30386338 PMCID: PMC6199354 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis, SSc) is a highly heterogeneous rheumatic disease, and uncontrolled fibrosis in visceral organs is the major cause of death in patients. The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and WNT/β-catenin signaling pathways, along with signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), play crucial roles in this fibrotic process. Currently, no therapy is available that effectively arrests or reverses the progression of fibrosis in patients with SSc. Ubiquitination is an important post-translational modification that controls many critical cellular functions. Dysregulated ubiquitination events have been observed in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and fibrotic diseases. Inhibitors targeting the ubiquitination pathway have considerable potential for the treatment of rheumatic diseases. However, very few studies have examined the role and mechanism of ubiquitination in patients with SSc. In this review, we will summarize the molecular mechanisms of ubiquitination in patients with SSc and explore the potential targets for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Long
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weilin Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qian Du
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zuo
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Honglin Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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17
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Li S, Zhao J, Shang D, Kass DJ, Zhao Y. Ubiquitination and deubiquitination emerge as players in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis pathogenesis and treatment. JCI Insight 2018; 3:120362. [PMID: 29769446 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.120362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal fibrotic lung disease that is associated with aberrant activation of TGF-β, myofibroblast differentiation, and abnormal extracellular matrix (ECM) production. Proper regulation of protein stability is important for maintenance of intracellular protein homeostasis and signaling. Ubiquitin E3 ligases mediate protein ubiquitination, and deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) reverse the process. The role of ubiquitin E3 ligases and DUBs in the pathogenesis of IPF is relatively unexplored. In this review, we provide an overview of how ubiquitin E3 ligases and DUBs modulate pulmonary fibrosis through regulation of both TGF-β-dependent and -independent pathways. We also summarize currently available small-molecule inhibitors of ubiquitin E3 ligases and DUBs as potential therapeutic strategies for the treatment of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dong Shang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Daniel J Kass
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yutong Zhao
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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18
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Duong TE, Hagood JS. Epigenetic Regulation of Myofibroblast Phenotypes in Fibrosis. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2018; 6:79-96. [PMID: 30271681 DOI: 10.1007/s40139-018-0155-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Myofibroblasts are the fundamental drivers of fibrosing disorders; there is great value in better defining epigenetic networks involved in myofibroblast behavior. Complex epigenetic paradigms, which are likely organ and/or disease specific, direct pathologic myofibroblast phenotypes. In this review, we highlight epigenetic regulators and the mechanisms through which they shape myofibroblast phenotype in fibrotic diseases of different organs. Recent Findings Hundreds of genes and their expression contribute to the myofibroblast transcriptional regime influencing myofibroblast phenotype. An increasingly large number of epigenetic modifications have been identified in the regulation of these signaling pathways driving myofibroblast activation and disease progression. Drugs that inhibit or reverse profibrotic epigenetic modifications have shown promise in vitro and in vivo; however, no current epigenetic therapies have been approved to treat fibrosis. Newly described epigenetic mechanisms will be mentioned, along with potential therapeutic targets and innovative strategies to further understand myofibroblast-directed fibrosis. Summary Epigenetic regulators that direct myofibroblast behavior and differentiation into pathologic myofibroblast phenotypes in fibrotic disorders comprise both overlapping and organ-specific epigenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu Elizabeth Duong
- Division of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Division of Respiratory Medicine, Rady Children's Hospital of San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - James S Hagood
- Division of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Division of Respiratory Medicine, Rady Children's Hospital of San Diego, San Diego, California
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19
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Kang DH, Yin GN, Choi MJ, Song KM, Ghatak K, Minh NN, Kwon MH, Seong DH, Ryu JK, Suh JK. Silencing Histone Deacetylase 7 Alleviates Transforming Growth Factor-β1-Induced Profibrotic Responses in Fibroblasts Derived from Peyronie's Plaque. World J Mens Health 2018; 36:139-146. [PMID: 29706035 PMCID: PMC5924955 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.170005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Epigenetic modifications, such as histone acetylation/deacetylation and DNA methylation, play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory disorders and fibrotic diseases. The aim of this study was to study the differential gene expression of histone deacetylases (HDACs) in fibroblasts isolated from plaque tissue of Peyronie's disease (PD) or normal tunica albuginea (TA) and to examine the anti-fibrotic effect of small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated silencing of HDAC7 in fibroblasts derived from human PD plaque. Materials and Methods For differential gene expression study, we performed reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for HDAC isoforms (1–11) in fibroblasts isolated from PD plaque or normal TA. Fibroblasts isolated from PD plaque were pretreated with HDAC7 siRNA (100 pmol) and then stimulated with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1, 10 ng/mL). Protein was extracted from treated fibroblasts for Western blotting. We also performed immunocytochemistry to detect the expression of extracellular matrix proteins and to examine the effect of HDAC2 siRNA on the TGF-β1-induced nuclear translocation of Smad2/3 and myofibroblastic differentiation. Results The mRNA expression of HDAC2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, and 11 was higher in fibroblasts isolated from PD plaque than in fibroblasts isolated from normal TA tissue. Knockdown of HDAC7 in PD fibroblasts inhibited TGF-β1-induced nuclear shuttle of Smad2 and Smad3, transdifferentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, and abrogated TGF-β1-induced production of extracellular matrix protein. Conclusions These findings suggest that specific inhibition of HDAC7 with RNA interference may represent a promising epigenetic therapy for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hyuk Kang
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.,Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Guo Nan Yin
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.,Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Min Ji Choi
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.,Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Kang Moon Song
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.,Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Kalyan Ghatak
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.,Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Nguyen Nhat Minh
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.,Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Mi Hye Kwon
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.,Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Do Hwan Seong
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.,Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Ji Kan Ryu
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.,Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.,Inha Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.
| | - Jun Kyu Suh
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.,Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.
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20
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Zhang Y, Zhang XJ, Wang PX, Zhang P, Li H. Reprogramming Innate Immune Signaling in Cardiometabolic Disease. Hypertension 2017; 69:747-760. [PMID: 28320852 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.116.08192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaxing Zhang
- From the Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital (Y.Z., X.-J.Z., P.-X.W., P.Z., H.L.), School of Basic Medical Sciences (Y.Z., X.-J.Z., P.-X.W., P.Z., H.L.), Institute of Model Animal (Y.Z., X.-J.Z., P.-X.W., P.Z., H.L.), and Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine (Y.Z., X.-J.Z., P.-X.W., P.Z., H.L.), Wuhan University, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Jing Zhang
- From the Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital (Y.Z., X.-J.Z., P.-X.W., P.Z., H.L.), School of Basic Medical Sciences (Y.Z., X.-J.Z., P.-X.W., P.Z., H.L.), Institute of Model Animal (Y.Z., X.-J.Z., P.-X.W., P.Z., H.L.), and Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine (Y.Z., X.-J.Z., P.-X.W., P.Z., H.L.), Wuhan University, P.R. China
| | - Pi-Xiao Wang
- From the Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital (Y.Z., X.-J.Z., P.-X.W., P.Z., H.L.), School of Basic Medical Sciences (Y.Z., X.-J.Z., P.-X.W., P.Z., H.L.), Institute of Model Animal (Y.Z., X.-J.Z., P.-X.W., P.Z., H.L.), and Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine (Y.Z., X.-J.Z., P.-X.W., P.Z., H.L.), Wuhan University, P.R. China
| | - Peng Zhang
- From the Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital (Y.Z., X.-J.Z., P.-X.W., P.Z., H.L.), School of Basic Medical Sciences (Y.Z., X.-J.Z., P.-X.W., P.Z., H.L.), Institute of Model Animal (Y.Z., X.-J.Z., P.-X.W., P.Z., H.L.), and Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine (Y.Z., X.-J.Z., P.-X.W., P.Z., H.L.), Wuhan University, P.R. China
| | - Hongliang Li
- From the Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital (Y.Z., X.-J.Z., P.-X.W., P.Z., H.L.), School of Basic Medical Sciences (Y.Z., X.-J.Z., P.-X.W., P.Z., H.L.), Institute of Model Animal (Y.Z., X.-J.Z., P.-X.W., P.Z., H.L.), and Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine (Y.Z., X.-J.Z., P.-X.W., P.Z., H.L.), Wuhan University, P.R. China.
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21
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Yang JJ, Tao H, Liu LP, Hu W, Deng ZY, Li J. miR-200a controls hepatic stellate cell activation and fibrosis via SIRT1/Notch1 signal pathway. Inflamm Res 2016; 66:341-352. [PMID: 28025657 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-016-1020-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES miR-200a has been established as a key regulator of HSC activation processes in liver fibrosis. Epigenetic silencing of miR-200a contributing to SIRT1 over-expression has been discussed in breast cancer; however, whether miR-200a controls SIRT1 gene expression in hepatic fibrosis is still unknown. METHODS AND MATERIALS We analyzed miR-200a regulation of SIRT1 expression in CCl4-induced liver fibrosis and TGF-β1-mediated activation of HSC. miR-200a, SIRT1, α-SMA, Col1A1, Notch1 and NICD expression were estimated by Western blotting, qRT-PCR and Immunohistochemistry. HSCs were transfected with miR-200a mimic, miR-200a inhibitor and SIRT1-RNAi. Luciferase reporter assays further confirmed the interaction between miR-200a and the SIRT1 mRNA 3'-UTR. Cell proliferation ability was assessed by MTT and cell cycle. RESULTS We found that treatment activated HSC with miR-200a mimics, restored miR-200a expression and reduced SIRT1 levels. Conversely, treatment activated HSC with miR-200a inhibitors, decreased miR-200a expression and up-regulated SIRT1 levels. Restoration of miR-200a or the knockdown of SIRT1 prevented HSC activation and proliferation. We have established the SIRT1 transcript as subject to regulation by miR-200a, through miR-200a targeting of SIRT1 3'-UTR. Finally, HSC transfected with SIRT1-siRNA increased the levels of Notch1 protein and mRNA expression. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that miR-200a regulates SIRT1/Notch1 expression during HSC activation and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Hui Tao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Li-Ping Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Zi-Yu Deng
- Department of Scientific, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Mei Shan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
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22
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Kotantaki P, Mosialos G. The expression of tumor suppressor gene Cyld is upregulated by histone deacetylace inhibitors in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. Cell Biochem Funct 2016; 34:465-468. [PMID: 27570065 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
CYLD is a deubiquitinating enzyme that exerts a tumor suppressive function. Its downregulation or inactivation has been associated with the development of several types of malignancies including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCC cells display significantly lower Cyld expression compared to primary human hepatocytes, and Cyld downregulation can contribute to apoptotic resistance of HCC cells. Little is known about the mechanism of Cyld downregulation in human HCC cells. In the present study we explored the possible regulation of Cyld expression by histone deacetylases (HDACs) in human HCC cell lines. We demonstrated that the HDAC inhibitors suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, sodium butyrate, and trichostatin A induced the upregulation of both mRNA and protein levels of CYLD in two different HCC cell lines, HepG2 and Huh7. Our results demonstrate the involvement of HDACs in the downregulation of Cyld expression in HCC cells and support and may improve the use of HDAC inhibitors for the treatment for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panorea Kotantaki
- School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - George Mosialos
- School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece.
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23
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Corda G, Sala A. Cutaneous cylindroma: it's all about MYB. J Pathol 2016; 239:391-3. [PMID: 27185061 DOI: 10.1002/path.4746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous cylindroma is a rare benign tumour that occasionally turns into malignant cylindrocarcinoma. The cancer can be sporadic or emerge in the context of Brooke-Spiegler syndrome (BSS), an inheritable condition characterized by mutation of the gene CYLD, encoding a tumour suppressor protein that controls the activity of the transcription factor NF-kB. Sporadic cylindromas present histological features shared with adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), a head and neck cancer originating from salivary or other exocrine glands. Like ACCs, sporadic cylindromas express, although at lower frequency, the aberrant fusion transcript MYB-NFIB. In a paper recently published in the Journal of Pathology, the research teams led by Neil Rajan and Goran Stenman demonstrate that CYLD-defective cyclindromas in BSS patients are negative for the MYB-NFIB fusion. Only the wild-type MYB oncoprotein is activated in the majority of these tumours. RNA interference studies in cells derived from BSS patients indicate that ablating MYB expression results in a striking reduction of cylindroma cell proliferation, suggesting that MYB plays a pivotal role in the biology of this cancer. The take-home message of the study is that activation of MYB, in its wild-type form or fusion derivatives, is a common feature of spontaneous and hereditary cylindromas, constituting a potentially actionable therapeutic target. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Corda
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University, London, UK.,Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University, London, UK
| | - Arturo Sala
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University, London, UK.,Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University, London, UK
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24
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Li X, Wu XQ, Xu T, Li XF, Yang Y, Li WX, Huang C, Meng XM, Li J. Role of histone deacetylases(HDACs) in progression and reversal of liver fibrosis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 306:58-68. [PMID: 27396813 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis refers to a reversible wound healing process response to chronic liver injuries. Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is closely correlated with the development of liver fibrosis. Histone deacetylases(HDACs) determine the acetylation levels of core histones to modulate expression of genes. To demonstrate the link between HDACs and liver fibrosis, CCl4-induced mouse liver fibrosis model and its spontaneous reversal model were established. Results of the current study demonstrated that deregulation of liver HDACs may involved in the development of liver fibrosis. Among 11 HDACs tested in our study (Class I, II, and IV HDACs), expression of HDAC2 was maximally increased in CCl4-induced fibrotic livers but decreased after spontaneous recovery. Moreover, expression of HDAC2 was elevated in human liver fibrotic tissues. In this regard, the potential role of HDAC2 in liver fibrosis was further evaluated. Our results showed that administration of HSC-T6 cells with transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) resulted in an increase of HDAC2 protein expression in dose- and time-dependent manners. Moreover, HDAC2 deficiency inhibited HSC-T6 cell proliferation and activation induced by TGF-β1. More importantly, the present study showed HDAC2 may regulate HSCs activation by suppressing expression of Smad7, which is a negative modulator in HSCs activation and liver fibrosis. Collectively, these observations revealed that HDAC2 may play a pivotal role in HSCs activation and liver fibrosis while deregulation of HDACs may serve as a novel mechanism underlying liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University (ILD-AMU), Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University (ILD-AMU), Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Tao Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University (ILD-AMU), Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University (ILD-AMU), Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University (ILD-AMU), Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Wan-Xia Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University (ILD-AMU), Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University (ILD-AMU), Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University (ILD-AMU), Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University (ILD-AMU), Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
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25
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Nwosu ZC, Alborzinia H, Wölfl S, Dooley S, Liu Y. Evolving Insights on Metabolism, Autophagy, and Epigenetics in Liver Myofibroblasts. Front Physiol 2016; 7:191. [PMID: 27313533 PMCID: PMC4887492 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver myofibroblasts (MFB) are crucial mediators of extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition in liver fibrosis. They arise mainly from hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) upon a process termed “activation.” To a lesser extent, and depending on the cause of liver damage, portal fibroblasts, mesothelial cells, and fibrocytes may also contribute to the MFB population. Targeting MFB to reduce liver fibrosis is currently an area of intense research. Unfortunately, a clog in the wheel of antifibrotic therapies is the fact that although MFB are known to mediate scar formation, and participate in liver inflammatory response, many of their molecular portraits are currently unknown. In this review, we discuss recent understanding of MFB in health and diseases, focusing specifically on three evolving research fields: metabolism, autophagy, and epigenetics. We have emphasized on therapeutic prospects where applicable and mentioned techniques for use in MFB studies. Subsequently, we highlighted uncharted territories in MFB research to help direct future efforts aimed at bridging gaps in current knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeribe C Nwosu
- Molecular Hepatology Section, Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hamed Alborzinia
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Wölfl
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Steven Dooley
- Molecular Hepatology Section, Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg Mannheim, Germany
| | - Yan Liu
- Molecular Hepatology Section, Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg Mannheim, Germany
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26
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Hellerbrand C, Massoumi R. Cylindromatosis-A Protective Molecule against Liver Diseases. Med Res Rev 2016; 36:342-59. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claus Hellerbrand
- Department of Internal Medicine I; University Hospital Regensburg; 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Ramin Massoumi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medicon Village; Lund University; 22381 Lund Sweden
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27
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Decoding liver injury: A regulatory role for histone modifications. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 67:188-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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28
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Abstract
Hepatocyte death, inflammation, and liver fibrosis are the hallmarks of chronic liver disease. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) is an inflammatory cytokine involved in liver inflammation and sustained liver inflammation leads to liver fibrosis. TNFα exerts inflammation, proliferation, and apoptosis. However, the role of TNFα signaling in liver fibrosis is not fully understood. This review highlights the recent findings demonstrating the molecular mechanisms of TNFα and its downstream signaling in liver fibrosis. During the progression of liver fibrosis, hepatic stellate cells play a pivotal role in a dynamic process of production of extracellular matrix proteins and modulation of immune response. Hepatic stellate cells transdifferentiate into activated myofibroblasts in response to damaged hepatocyte-derived mediators and immune cell-derived cytokines/chemokines. Here, we will discuss the role of TNFα in hepatic stellate cell survival and activation and the crosstalk between hepatic stellate cells and hepatocytes or other immune cells, such as macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells in the development of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Mee Yang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Ekihiro Seki
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
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29
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Epigenetic modifications by histone deacetylases: Biological implications and therapeutic potential in liver fibrosis. Biochimie 2015; 116:61-9. [PMID: 26116886 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is an important pathological repair process in reaction to liver injury characterized by progressive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components. Mechanism that orchestrates this fibrotic disorder is the activation of hepatic stellate cell (HSC) that requires extensive alterations in gene expression. Reversible deacetylation of histone proteins is one of the most abundant epigenetic modifications and is crucial in modulating gene expression. Recent evidence has highlighted a pathological imbalance between the acetylation and deacetylation of histone proteins regulated by histone deacetylases (HDACs). In the past several years, the role of HDACs in liver fibrosis initiation and progression, as well as the therapeutic effects of HDAC inhibitors, has been well studied. Here, the innovative aspects of histone deacetylation will be presented, with respect to the roles of HDACs in liver fibrosis, the affected genes and signal pathways involved in HSCs activation, as well as significant data emerging from the field in support of HDAC inhibitors as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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30
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Engelmann JC, Amann T, Ott-Rötzer B, Nützel M, Reinders Y, Reinders J, Thasler WE, Kristl T, Teufel A, Huber CG, Oefner PJ, Spang R, Hellerbrand C. Causal Modeling of Cancer-Stromal Communication Identifies PAPPA as a Novel Stroma-Secreted Factor Activating NFκB Signaling in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. PLoS Comput Biol 2015; 11:e1004293. [PMID: 26020769 PMCID: PMC4447342 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Inter-cellular communication with stromal cells is vital for cancer cells. Molecules involved in the communication are potential drug targets. To identify them systematically, we applied a systems level analysis that combined reverse network engineering with causal effect estimation. Using only observational transcriptome profiles we searched for paracrine factors sending messages from activated hepatic stellate cells (HSC) to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. We condensed these messages to predict ten proteins that, acting in concert, cause the majority of the gene expression changes observed in HCC cells. Among the 10 paracrine factors were both known and unknown cancer promoting stromal factors, the former including Placental Growth Factor (PGF) and Periostin (POSTN), while Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein A (PAPPA) was among the latter. Further support for the predicted effect of PAPPA on HCC cells came from both in vitro studies that showed PAPPA to contribute to the activation of NFκB signaling, and clinical data, which linked higher expression levels of PAPPA to advanced stage HCC. In summary, this study demonstrates the potential of causal modeling in combination with a condensation step borrowed from gene set analysis [Model-based Gene Set Analysis (MGSA)] in the identification of stromal signaling molecules influencing the cancer phenotype. All living cells rely on communication with other cells to ensure their function and survival. Molecular signals are sent among cells of the same cell type and from cells of one cell type to another. In cancer, not only the cancer cells themselves are responsible for the malignancy, but also stromal (non-cancerous) cells and the molecular signals they send to cancer cells are important factors that determine the severity and outcome of the disease. Therefore, the identification of stromal signals and their influence on cancer cells is important for the development of novel treatment strategies. With a computational systems biology model of stroma-cancer cell communication, we have compiled a set of ten proteins secreted by stromal cells that shape the cancer phenotype. Most importantly, our causal analysis uncovered Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein A (PAPPA) as a novel paracrine inducer of the pro-tumorigenic NFκB signaling pathway. In liver cancer patients, higher levels of PAPPA protein indicate a more progressed tumor stage, confirming its clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia C. Engelmann
- Department of Statistical Bioinformatics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- * E-mail: (JCE); (RS); (CH)
| | - Thomas Amann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Birgitta Ott-Rötzer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Margit Nützel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Yvonne Reinders
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Reinders
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang E. Thasler
- Biobank under the authority of Human Tissue and Cell Research (HTCR) and Center for Liver Cell Research, Department of General, Visceral, Transplantation, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Theresa Kristl
- Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Chemistry and Bioanalytics, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Andreas Teufel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christian G. Huber
- Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Chemistry and Bioanalytics, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Peter J. Oefner
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Spang
- Department of Statistical Bioinformatics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- * E-mail: (JCE); (RS); (CH)
| | - Claus Hellerbrand
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- * E-mail: (JCE); (RS); (CH)
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31
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He F, Guo FC, Li Z, Yu HC, Ma PF, Zhao JL, Feng L, Li WN, Liu XW, Qin HY, Dou KF, Han H. Myeloid-specific disruption of recombination signal binding protein Jκ ameliorates hepatic fibrosis by attenuating inflammation through cylindromatosis in mice. Hepatology 2015; 61:303-14. [PMID: 25145286 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Macrophages play multidimensional roles in hepatic fibrosis, but their control has not been fully understood. The Notch pathway mediated by recombination signal binding protein Jκ (RBP-J), the transcription factor transactivated by signals from four mammalian Notch receptors, is implicated in macrophage activation and plasticity. In this study, by using mouse hepatic fibrosis models, we show that myeloid-specific disruption of RBP-J resulted in attenuated fibrosis. The activation of hepatic stellate cells and production of profibrotic factors including platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-B and transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-β1) reduced significantly in myeloid-specific RBP-J deficient mice. The infiltration of inflammatory cells and production of proinflammatory factors were reduced in liver of myeloid-specific RBP-J-deficient mice during fibrosis. In RBP-J-deficient macrophages, the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation was remarkably attenuated as compared with the control. This could be attributed to the up-regulation of cylindromatosis (CYLD), a negative regulator of NF-κB, in Notch signal-compromised macrophages, because the knockdown of CYLD in RBP-J-deficient macrophages or overexpression of p65 in RBP-J knockdown cells both restored NF-κB activation and the production of proinflammatory and/or profibrotic factors by macrophages. In human hepatic fibrosis biopsies, stronger Notch activation is correlated with more severe fibrosis, which is accompanied by a lower level of CYLD but irrespective of etiological reasons. CONCLUSION RBP-J-mediated Notch signaling is required for macrophages to promote hepatic fibrosis by up-regulation of NF-κB activation through CYLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei He
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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