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Xu J, Yu SJ, Sun S, Li YP, Zhang X, Jin K, Jin ZB. Enhanced innate responses in microglia derived from retinoblastoma patient-specific iPSCs. Glia 2024; 72:872-884. [PMID: 38258347 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
RB1 deficiency leads to retinoblastoma (Rb), the most prevalent intraocular malignancy. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are related to local inflammation disorder, particularly by increasing cytokines and immune escape. Microglia, the unique resident macrophages for retinal homeostasis, are the most important immune cells of Rb. However, whether RB1 deficiency affects microglial function remain unknown. In this study, microglia were successfully differentiated from Rb patient- derived human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), and then we investigated the function of RB1 in microglia by live imaging phagocytosis assay, immunofluorescence, RNA-seq, qRT-PCR, ELISA and retina organoids/microglia co-culturing. RB1 was abundantly expressed in microglia and predominantly located in the nucleus. We then examined the phagocytosis ability and secretion function of iMGs in vitro. We found that RB1 deficiency did not affect the expression of microglia-specific markers or the phagocytic abilities of these cells by live-imaging. Upon LPS stimulation, RB1-deficient microglia displayed enhanced innate immune responses, as evidenced by activated MAPK signaling pathway and elevated expression of IL-6 and TNF-α at both mRNA and protein levels, compared to wildtype microglia. Furthermore, retinal structure disruption was observed when retinal organoids were co-cultured with RB1-deficient microglia, highlighting the potential contribution of microglia to Rb development and potential therapeutic strategies for retinoblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Si-Jian Yu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuning Sun
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Ping Li
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kangxin Jin
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zi-Bing Jin
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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2
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Wang Q, Yu T, Ke ZH, Wang FF, Yin JN, Shao Y, Lu KH. RB1 aberrations predict outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitor combination therapy in NSCLC. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1172728. [PMID: 37441425 PMCID: PMC10334286 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1172728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have changed the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Furthermore, compared with monotherapy, ICI combination therapy had better efficacy and partly different mechanism. Therefore, we aim to investigate and improve biomarkers specialized for ICI combination therapy. Methods We enrolled 53 NSCLC patients treated with ICI combination therapy and collected their tissue and plasma samples to perform next-generation sequencing (NGS) with a 425-gene panel. Results The line of treatment was the only clinical factor significantly affecting objective response rate (ORR) and progression-free survival (PFS). Surprisingly, classical markers PD-L1 and TMB only had limited predictive values in the ICI combination therapy. Instead, we found RB1 mutation was significantly associated with prognosis. Patients with mutated RB1 had shorter PFS than those with wild RB1 (134d vs 219d, p=0.018). Subsequent analysis showed the RB1 related mutated cell cycle and chromosomal instability were also deleterious to prognosis (103d vs 411d, p<0.001; 138d vs 505d, p=0.018). Additionally, patients with more circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) had significantly shorter PFS (41d vs 194d, p=0.0043). Conclusion This study identified that NSCLC patients with mutated RB1 were less sensitive to ICI combination therapy. RB1 mutations and following cell cycle abnormalities and chromosomal instability can potentially guide clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zi-Hao Ke
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fu-Feng Wang
- Geneseeq Research Institute, Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc., Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jia-Ni Yin
- Geneseeq Research Institute, Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc., Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Shao
- Geneseeq Research Institute, Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc., Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai-Hua Lu
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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3
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Olson BM, Chaudagar K, Bao R, Saha SS, Hong C, Li M, Rameshbabu S, Chen R, Thomas A, Patnaik A. BET Inhibition Sensitizes Immunologically Cold Rb-Deficient Prostate Cancer to Immune Checkpoint Blockade. Mol Cancer Ther 2023; 22:751-764. [PMID: 37014264 PMCID: PMC10239341 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-22-0369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Non-T-cell-inflamed immunologically "cold" tumor microenvironments (TME) are associated with poor responsiveness to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and can be sculpted by tumor cell genomics. Here, we evaluated how retinoblastoma (Rb) tumor-suppressor loss-of-function (LOF), one of the most frequent alterations in human cancer and associated with lineage plasticity, poor prognosis, and therapeutic outcomes, alters the TME, and whether therapeutic strategies targeting the molecular consequences of Rb loss enhance ICB efficacy. We performed bioinformatics analysis to elucidate the impact of endogenous Rb LOF on the immune TME in human primary and metastatic tumors. Next, we used isogenic murine models of Rb-deficient prostate cancer for in vitro and in vivo mechanistic studies to examine how Rb loss and bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) domain inhibition (BETi) reprograms the immune landscape, and evaluated in vivo therapeutic efficacy of BETi, singly and in combination with ICB and androgen deprivation therapy. Rb loss was enriched in non-T-cell-inflamed tumors, and Rb-deficient murine tumors demonstrated decreased immune infiltration in vivo. The BETi JQ1 increased immune infiltration into the TME through enhanced tumor cell STING/NF-κB activation and type I IFN signaling within tumor cells, resulting in differential macrophage and T-cell-mediated tumor growth inhibition and sensitization of Rb-deficient prostate cancer to ICB. BETi can reprogram the immunologically cold Rb-deficient TME via STING/NF-κB/IFN signaling to sensitize Rb-deficient prostate cancer to ICB. These data provide the mechanistic rationale to test combinations of BETi and ICB in clinical trials of Rb-deficient prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M. Olson
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology; Emory University, Atlanta, GA
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Kiranj Chaudagar
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Riyue Bao
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Center for Research Informatics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Cancer Bioinformatics Services, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Sweta Sharma Saha
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Hong
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology; Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Marguerite Li
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology; Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Srikrishnan Rameshbabu
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Raymond Chen
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Alison Thomas
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology; Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Akash Patnaik
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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4
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Mukherjee AG, Wanjari UR, Gopalakrishnan AV, Bradu P, Biswas A, Ganesan R, Renu K, Dey A, Vellingiri B, El Allali A, Alsamman AM, Zayed H, George Priya Doss C. Evolving strategies and application of proteins and peptide therapeutics in cancer treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114832. [PMID: 37150032 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Several proteins and peptides have therapeutic potential and can be used for cancer therapy. By binding to cell surface receptors and other indicators uniquely linked with or overexpressed on tumors compared to healthy tissue, protein biologics enhance the active targeting of cancer cells, as opposed to the passive targeting of cells by conventional small-molecule chemotherapeutics. This study focuses on peptide medications that exist to slow or stop tumor growth and the spread of cancer, demonstrating the therapeutic potential of peptides in cancer treatment. As an alternative to standard chemotherapy, peptides that selectively kill cancer cells while sparing healthy tissue are developing. A mountain of clinical evidence supports the efficacy of peptide-based cancer vaccines. Since a single treatment technique may not be sufficient to produce favourable results in the fight against cancer, combination therapy is emerging as an effective option to generate synergistic benefits. One example of this new area is the use of anticancer peptides in combination with nonpeptidic cytotoxic drugs or the combination of immunotherapy with conventional therapies like radiation and chemotherapy. This review focuses on the different natural and synthetic peptides obtained and researched. Discoveries, manufacture, and modifications of peptide drugs, as well as their contemporary applications, are summarized in this review. We also discuss the benefits and difficulties of potential advances in therapeutic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Goutam Mukherjee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India
| | - Uddesh Ramesh Wanjari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India.
| | - Pragya Bradu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India
| | - Antara Biswas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India
| | - Raja Ganesan
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, South Korea
| | - Kaviyarasi Renu
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077 Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal 700073, India
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Stem cell and Regenerative Medicine/Translational Research, Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab (CUPB), Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Achraf El Allali
- African Genome Center, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco.
| | - Alsamman M Alsamman
- Department of Genome Mapping, Molecular Genetics, and Genome Mapping Laboratory, Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hatem Zayed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - C George Priya Doss
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
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5
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Cope BM, Traweek RS, Lazcano R, Keung EZ, Lazar AJ, Roland CL, Nassif EF. Targeting the Molecular and Immunologic Features of Leiomyosarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15072099. [PMID: 37046760 PMCID: PMC10093078 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is a rare, aggressive mesenchymal tumor with smooth muscle differentiation. LMS is one of the most common histologic subtypes of soft tissue sarcoma; it most frequently occurs in the extremities, retroperitoneum, or uterus. LMS often demonstrates aggressive tumor biology, with a higher risk of developing distant metastatic disease than most sarcoma histologic types. The prognosis is poor, particularly in patients with uterine disease, and there is a need for the development of more effective therapies. Genetically, LMS is karyotypically complex and characterized by a low tumor mutational burden, with frequent alterations in TP53, RB1, PTEN, and DNA damage response pathways that may contribute to resistance against immune-checkpoint blockade monotherapy. The LMS immune microenvironment is highly infiltrated with tumor-associated macrophages and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, which may represent promising biomarkers. This review provides an overview of the clinical and pathologic behavior of both soft tissue and uterine LMS and summarizes the genomic and immune characteristics of these tumors and how they may provide opportunities for the development of biomarker-based immune therapies.
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6
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Zhang S, Cheng Y. Immunotherapy for extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer: current landscape and future perspectives. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1142081. [PMID: 37188176 PMCID: PMC10175664 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1142081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a fatal subtype of lung cancer characterized by high aggressiveness, poor prognosis, and limited treatment options. For the first time in more than three decades, it has been demonstrated that the addition of immunotherapy to chemotherapy improved the survival of patients with extensive-stage SCLC, thereby immunotherapy plus chemotherapy established a new standard of first-line treatment. However, it is important to improve the curative effect of immunotherapy on SCLC and identify the patients who could benefit from such treatment. In this article, we review the current status of the first-line immunotherapy, the strategies to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy and the discovery of potential predictive biomarkers of immunotherapy for SCLC.
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7
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Nanomedicine-Based Gene Delivery for a Truncated Tumor Suppressor RB94 Promotes Lung Cancer Immunity. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14205092. [DOI: 10.3390/cancers14205092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Because lung cancer remains the most common and lethal of cancers, novel therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. RB94 is a truncated form of retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein with elevated anti-tumor efficacy. Our investigational nanomedicine (termed scL-RB94) is a tumor-targeted liposomal formulation of a plasmid containing the gene encoding RB94. In this research, we studied anti-tumor and immune modulation activities of scL-RB94 nanocomplex in preclinical models of human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Systemic treatment with scL-RB94 of mice bearing human NSCLC tumors significantly inhibited tumor growth by lowering proliferation and increasing apoptosis of tumor cells in vivo. scL-RB94 treatment also boosted anti-tumor immune responses by upregulating immune recognition molecules and recruiting innate immune cells such as natural killer (NK) cells. Antibody-mediated depletion of NK cells blunted the anti-tumor activity of scL-RB94, suggesting that NK cells were crucial for the observed anti-tumor activity in these xenograft models. Treatment with scL-RB94 also altered the polarization of tumor-associated macrophages by reducing immune-suppressive M2 macrophages to lower immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment. Collectively, our data suggest that the efficacy of scL-RB94 against NSCLC is due to an induction of tumor cell death as well as enhancement of innate anti-tumor immunity.
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8
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Dowlati A, Abbas A, Chan T, Henick B, Wang X, Doshi P, Fu P, Patel J, Kuo F, Chang H, Balli D. Immune Checkpoint Blockade Outcome in Small-Cell Lung Cancer and Its Relationship With Retinoblastoma Mutation Status and Function. JCO Precis Oncol 2022; 6:e2200257. [PMID: 36044718 PMCID: PMC9489185 DOI: 10.1200/po.22.00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) in conjunction with chemotherapy is approved for the treatment of extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). Although specific genomic abnormalities such as KEAP1 and STK11 gene mutations are associated with resistance to ICB in non-SCLC, no genomic abnormality has been found in association with resistance to ICB in SCLC. MATERIALS AND METHODS We first analyzed a retrospective cohort of 42 patients with SCLC treated with single-agent ICB or ICB combination (data set A). We then validated our results in a large prospective clinical trial of 460 patients (CheckMate 032, data set B). DNA and RNA sequencing were performed. RESULTS In data set A, patients treated with ICB with RB1 wild-type (WT) had a median overall survival (OS) of 23.1 months (95% CI, 9 to 37.5), whereas the RB1 mutant OS was 5 months (95% CI, 2.5 to 26; P = .04). Differentially expressed gene analysis between RB1 mutant and RB1 WT samples indicated the enrichment of downregulated immune-related genes and an immune exclusion phenotype among RB1 mutant but not in the RB1 WT tumor samples. We then assessed results from 460 patients enrolled in CheckMate 032, a trial of nivolumab (NIVO) or NIVO + ipilimumab only in SCLC. In this large cohort, RB1 WT patients had significantly improved outcome with NIVO therapy compared with mutant patients (hazard ratio, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.02 to 2.01; P = .041). High RB1 loss-of-function (LOF) signature scores significantly associated with neuroendocrine subtypes (ASCL1 and NeuroD1). However, neuroendocrine subtypes did not associate with OS. Remarkably, patients with lower RB1 LOF scores had longer OS following treatment with NIVO. CONCLUSION SCLC patients with RB1 WT status or lower RB1 LOF signature scores by transcriptomics have better outcomes with ICB monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Dowlati
- University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Ata Abbas
- University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Timothy Chan
- Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Brian Henick
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | | | - Parul Doshi
- Bristol Myers Squibb, New York, NY
- Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA
| | - Pingfu Fu
- University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | | | - Fengshen Kuo
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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9
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Shan G, Bi G, Bian Y, Valeria B, Zeng D, Zhang H, Yao G, Zhang Y, Fan H, Zhan C. Genomic And Tumor Microenvironment Differences Between Cell Cycle Progression Pathway Altered/Non-Altered Patients With Lung Adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:843528. [PMID: 35296002 PMCID: PMC8919059 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.843528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundIdentified as a hallmark of cancer, the dysregulated cell cycle progression plays an important role in the promotion and progression of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). However, the genomic and microenvironment differences between cell cycle progression pathway altered/non-altered LUAD patients remain to be elucidated.Materials and MethodsData of this study were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), including simple nucleotide variation, copy number variation (CNV), RNA-seq gene expression, miRNA expression, survival, and clinical information. Besides, 34 LUAD samples from our institution were used as a validation cohort. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs), enrichment analysis, and immune cell infiltration were detected. At last, we built a LASSO-binary Logistic regression model to predict the cell-cycle-related gene mutation (CDKN2A, CCND1, CDK4, CCNE1, and RB1) in LUAD patients and further verified it in the samples from our institution.ResultsBased on the cell cycle progression pathway status, the LUAD patients were divided into the mutation (n=322) and wild (n=46) groups. Compared to the wild group, the mutation group had a higher mutational load and CNV. Among the 16684 protein-coding genes analyzed, 302 were upregulated, and 354 were downregulated in the mutation group. Enrichment analysis indicated that these DEGs were closely related to metabolism items. After performing immune cell infiltration analysis of 22 immune cells, we found the proportion of 5 immune cells such as monocytes (P<0.01) and dendritic cells (P<0.01) were higher in the wild group. Finally, a cell-cycle-related 15-signature model was built by LASSO-Logistic regression analysis, which could predict the cell cycle progression pathway-related gene mutation (CDKN2A, CCND1, CDK4, CCNE1, and RB1) in LUAD patients. The validation cohorts showed the sensitivity and specificity of this model were 0.667 and 0.929, respectively.ConclusionThe genomic and microenvironment characteristics differed between the cell cycle progression pathway altered/non-altered patients with LUAD. Our findings may provide new insight into personalized treatment for LUAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyao Shan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoshu Bi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunyi Bian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Besskaya Valeria
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dejun Zeng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangyu Yao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Zhang, ; Hong Fan,
| | - Hong Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University (Xiamen Branch), Xiamen, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Zhang, ; Hong Fan,
| | - Cheng Zhan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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10
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Simon M, Mughal SS, Horak P, Uhrig S, Buchloh J, Aybey B, Stenzinger A, Glimm H, Fröhling S, Brors B, Imbusch CD. Deconvolution of sarcoma methylomes reveals varying degrees of immune cell infiltrates with association to genomic aberrations. J Transl Med 2021; 19:204. [PMID: 33980253 PMCID: PMC8117561 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02858-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soft-tissue sarcomas (STS) are a heterogeneous group of mesenchymal tumors for which response to immunotherapies is not well established. Therefore, it is important to risk-stratify and identify STS patients who will most likely benefit from these treatments. RESULTS To reveal shared and distinct methylation signatures present in STS, we performed unsupervised deconvolution of DNA methylation data from the TCGA sarcoma and an independent validation cohort. We showed that leiomyosarcoma can be subclassified into three distinct methylation groups. More importantly, we identified a component associated with tumor-infiltrating leukocytes, which suggests varying degrees of immune cell infiltration in STS subtypes and an association with prognosis. We further investigated the genomic alterations that may influence tumor infiltration by leukocytes including RB1 loss in undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas and ELK3 amplification in dedifferentiated liposarcomas. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we have leveraged unsupervised methylation-based deconvolution to characterize the immune compartment and molecularly stratify subtypes in STS, which may benefit precision medicine in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Simon
- Division of Applied Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sadaf S Mughal
- Division of Applied Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Horak
- Translational Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Uhrig
- Division of Applied Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jonas Buchloh
- Division of Applied Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bogac Aybey
- Division of Applied Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Hanno Glimm
- Department of Translational Medical Oncology, NCT Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Fröhling
- Translational Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Brors
- Division of Applied Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Charles D Imbusch
- Division of Applied Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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11
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Liu J, Li W, Zhao H. CFHR3 is a potential novel biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:2970-2980. [PMID: 31709629 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryYue Bei People's Hospital Shaoguan Guangdong China
| | - Wenli Li
- Reproductive Medicine CenterYue Bei People's Hospital Shaoguan Guangdong China
| | - Hetong Zhao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai HospitalNaval Military Medical University Shanghai China
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12
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Indovina P, Pentimalli F, Conti D, Giordano A. Translating RB1 predictive value in clinical cancer therapy: Are we there yet? Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 166:323-334. [PMID: 31176618 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The retinoblastoma RB1 gene has been identified in the 80s as the first tumor suppressor. RB1 loss of function, as well alterations in its pathway, occur in most human cancers and often have prognostic value. RB1 has a key role in restraining cell cycle entry and, along with its family members, regulates a myriad of cellular processes and affects cell response to a variety of stimuli, ultimately determining cell fate. Consistently, RB1 status is a crucial determinant of the cell response to antitumoral therapies, impacting on the outcome of both traditional and modern anti-cancer strategies, including precision medicine approaches, such as kinase inhibitors, and immunotherapy. Despite many efforts however, the predictive value of RB1 status in the clinical practice is still underused, mainly owing to the complexity of RB1 function, to differences depending on the cellular context and on the therapeutic strategies, and, not-lastly, to technical issues. Here, we provide an overview of studies analyzing the role of RB1 in response to conventional cytotoxic and cytostatic therapeutic agents in different cancer types, including hormone dependent ones. We also review RB1 predictive value in the response to the last generation CDK4/6 inhibitors, other kinase inhibitors, and immunotherapy and discuss new emerging non-canonical roles of RB1 that could impact on the response to antitumoral treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Indovina
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Francesca Pentimalli
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS, Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli 80131, Italy
| | - Daniele Conti
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA; Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA; Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena 53100, Italy.
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13
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Knudsen ES, Pruitt SC, Hershberger PA, Witkiewicz AK, Goodrich DW. Cell Cycle and Beyond: Exploiting New RB1 Controlled Mechanisms for Cancer Therapy. Trends Cancer 2019; 5:308-324. [PMID: 31174843 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies highlight the importance of the RB1 tumor suppressor as a target for cancer therapy. Canonically, RB1 regulates cell cycle progression and represents the downstream target for cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitors that are in clinical use. However, newly discovered features of the RB1 pathway suggest new therapeutic strategies to counter resistance and improve precision medicine. These therapeutic strategies include deepening cell cycle exit with CDK4/6 inhibitor combinations, selectively targeting tumors that have lost RB1, and expanding therapeutic index by mitigating therapy-associated adverse effects. In addition, RB1 impacts immunological features of tumors and the microenvironment that can enhance sensitivity to immunotherapy. Lastly, RB1 specifies epigenetically determined cell lineage states that are disrupted during therapy resistance and could be re-installed through the direct use of epigenetic therapies. Thus, new opportunities are emerging to improve cancer therapy by exploiting the RB1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik S Knudsen
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; Center for Personalized Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.
| | - Steven C Pruitt
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Pamela A Hershberger
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; Department of Oral Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Agnieszka K Witkiewicz
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; Center for Personalized Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - David W Goodrich
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
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14
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Bhateja P, Chiu M, Wildey G, Lipka MB, Fu P, Yang MCL, Ardeshir-Larijani F, Sharma N, Dowlati A. Retinoblastoma mutation predicts poor outcomes in advanced non small cell lung cancer. Cancer Med 2019; 8:1459-1466. [PMID: 30773851 PMCID: PMC6488103 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The retinoblastoma gene (RB1) encodes the retinoblastoma (RB) pocket protein that plays an important role in cell cycle progression. Here we determine the frequency and prognostic significance of RB1 mutation in non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), restricting inclusion to Stage III and IV patients with linked genomic and clinical data. The primary outcome was median overall survival (OS). We identified RB1 mutation in 8.2% of NSCLC patients. The median OS for wild-type (wt) RB1 was 28.3 months vs 8.3 months for mutant RB1 (Hazard Ratio = 2.59, P = 0.002). Of special interest, RB1 mutation also correlated with lack of response to immunotherapy. Our study focused on RB1 mutation in locally advanced and advanced non small cell lung cancer to better facilitate comparisons with small cell lung cancer (SCLC). In our SCLC cohort, RB1 mutation was identified in 75% of patients and wt RB1 was associated with significantly shorter OS (P = 0.002). The different outcomes of RB1 mutation observed among lung cancer subtypes suggest a more complicated mechanism than simple regulation of cell cycle or response to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Bhateja
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Michelle Chiu
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Gary Wildey
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Mary Beth Lipka
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Pingfu Fu
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Michael Chiu Lee Yang
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Neelesh Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, New Jersey
| | - Afshin Dowlati
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio
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15
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Kim S, Choi S, Yoon JH, Kim Y, Lee S, Park T. Drug response prediction model using a hierarchical structural component modeling method. BMC Bioinformatics 2018; 19:288. [PMID: 30367591 PMCID: PMC6101092 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-018-2270-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Component-based structural equation modeling methods are now widely used in science, business, education, and other fields. This method uses unobservable variables, i.e., "latent" variables, and structural equation model relationships between observable variables. Here, we applied this structural equation modeling method to biologically structured data. To identify candidate drug-response biomarkers, we first used proteomic peptide-level data, as measured by multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry (MRM-MS), for liver cancer patients. MRM-MS is a highly sensitive and selective method for proteomic targeted quantitation of peptide abundances in complex biological samples. RESULTS We developed a component-based drug response prediction model, having the advantage that it first combines collapsed peptide-level data into protein-level information, facilitating subsequent biological interpretation. Our model also uses an alternating least squares algorithm, to efficiently estimate both coefficients of peptides and proteins. This approach also considers correlations between variables, without constraint, by a multiple testing problem. Using estimated peptide and protein coefficients, we selected significant protein biomarkers by permutation testing, resulting in our model for predicting liver cancer response to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor sorafenib. CONCLUSIONS Using data from a cohort of liver cancer patients, we then "fine-tuned" our model to successfully predict drug responses, as demonstrated by a high area under the curve (AUC) score. Such drug response prediction models may eventually find clinical translation in identifying individual patients likely to respond to specific therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungtae Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 South Korea
| | - Sungkyoung Choi
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 South Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080 South Korea
| | - Youngsoo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080 South Korea
| | - Seungyeoun Lee
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006 South Korea
| | - Taesung Park
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 South Korea
- Department of Statistics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 South Korea
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16
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Olson BM, Gamat M, Seliski J, Sawicki T, Jeffery J, Ellis L, Drake CG, Weichert J, McNeel DG. Prostate Cancer Cells Express More Androgen Receptor (AR) Following Androgen Deprivation, Improving Recognition by AR-Specific T Cells. Cancer Immunol Res 2017; 5:1074-1085. [PMID: 29051161 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-16-0390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Androgen deprivation is the primary therapy for recurrent prostate cancer, and agents targeting the androgen receptor (AR) pathway continue to be developed. Because androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) has immmunostimulatory effects as well as direct antitumor effects, AR-targeted therapies have been combined with other anticancer therapies, including immunotherapies. Here, we sought to study whether an antigen-specific mechanism of resistance to ADT (overexpression of the AR) may result in enhanced AR-specific T-cell immune recognition, and whether this might be strategically combined with an antitumor vaccine targeting the AR. Androgen deprivation increased AR expression in human and murine prostate tumor cells in vitro and in vivo The increased expression persisted over time. Increased AR expression was associated with recognition and cytolytic activity by AR-specific T cells. Furthermore, ADT combined with vaccination, specifically a DNA vaccine encoding the ligand-binding domain of the AR, led to improved antitumor responses as measured by tumor volumes and delays in the emergence of castrate-resistant prostate tumors in two murine prostate cancer models (Myc-CaP and prostate-specific PTEN-deficient mice). Together, these data suggest that ADT combined with AR-directed immunotherapy targets a major mechanism of resistance, overexpression of the AR. This combination may be more effective than ADT combined with other immunotherapeutic approaches. Cancer Immunol Res; 5(12); 1074-85. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M Olson
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Melissa Gamat
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Joseph Seliski
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Thomas Sawicki
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Justin Jeffery
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Leigh Ellis
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Charles G Drake
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Jamey Weichert
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Radiology, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Douglas G McNeel
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin.
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17
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Muñoz-Fontela C, Mandinova A, Aaronson SA, Lee SW. Emerging roles of p53 and other tumour-suppressor genes in immune regulation. Nat Rev Immunol 2016; 16:741-750. [PMID: 27667712 DOI: 10.1038/nri.2016.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumour-suppressor genes are indispensable for the maintenance of genomic integrity. Recently, several of these genes, including those encoding p53, PTEN, RB1 and ARF, have been implicated in immune responses and inflammatory diseases. In particular, the p53 tumour- suppressor pathway is involved in crucial aspects of tumour immunology and in homeostatic regulation of immune responses. Other studies have identified roles for p53 in various cellular processes, including metabolism and stem cell maintenance. Here, we discuss the emerging roles of p53 and other tumour-suppressor genes in tumour immunology, as well as in additional immunological settings, such as virus infection. This relatively unexplored area could yield important insights into the homeostatic control of immune cells in health and disease and facilitate the development of more effective immunotherapies. Consequently, tumour-suppressor genes are emerging as potential guardians of immune integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Muñoz-Fontela
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Martinistrasse 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anna Mandinova
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Building 149 13th Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 7 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Stuart A Aaronson
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Sam W Lee
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Building 149 13th Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
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18
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Hutcheson J, Witkiewicz AK, Knudsen ES. The RB tumor suppressor at the intersection of proliferation and immunity: relevance to disease immune evasion and immunotherapy. Cell Cycle 2016; 14:3812-9. [PMID: 25714546 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1010922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor (RB) was the first identified tumor suppressor based on germline predisposition to the pediatric eye tumor. Since these early studies, it has become apparent that the functional inactivation of RB is a common event in nearly all human malignancy. A great deal of research has gone into understanding how the loss of RB promotes tumor etiology and progression. Since malignant tumors are characterized by aberrant cell division, much of this research has focused upon the ability of RB to regulate the cell cycle by repression of proliferation-related genes. However, it is progressively understood that RB is an important mediator of multiple functions. One area that is gaining progressive interest is the emerging role for RB in regulating diverse features of immune function. These findings suggest that RB is more than simply a regulator of cellular proliferation; it is at the crossroads of proliferation and the immune response. Here we review the data related to the functional roles of RB on the immune system, relevance to immune evasion, and potential significance to the response to immune-therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Hutcheson
- a Department of Pathology ; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center ; Dallas , TX USA
| | - Agnieszka K Witkiewicz
- a Department of Pathology ; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center ; Dallas , TX USA.,b Simmons Cancer Center ; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center ; Dallas , TX USA
| | - Erik S Knudsen
- a Department of Pathology ; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center ; Dallas , TX USA.,b Simmons Cancer Center ; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center ; Dallas , TX USA
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19
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Meng J, Liu X, Zhang P, Li D, Xu S, Zhou Q, Guo M, Huai W, Chen X, Wang Q, Li N, Cao X. Rb selectively inhibits innate IFN-β production by enhancing deacetylation of IFN-β promoter through HDAC1 and HDAC8. J Autoimmun 2016; 73:42-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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20
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Nantasanti S, Toussaint MJM, Youssef SA, Tooten PCJ, de Bruin A. Rb and p53 Liver Functions Are Essential for Xenobiotic Metabolism and Tumor Suppression. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150064. [PMID: 26967735 PMCID: PMC4788452 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressors Retinoblastoma (Rb) and p53 are frequently inactivated in liver diseases, such as hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) or infections with Hepatitis B or C viruses. Here, we discovered a novel role for Rb and p53 in xenobiotic metabolism, which represent a key function of the liver for metabolizing therapeutic drugs or toxins. We demonstrate that Rb and p53 cooperate to metabolize the xenobiotic 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC). DDC is metabolized mainly by cytochrome P450 (Cyp)3a enzymes resulting in inhibition of heme synthesis and accumulation of protoporphyrin, an intermediate of heme pathway. Protoporphyrin accumulation causes bile injury and ductular reaction. We show that loss of Rb and p53 resulted in reduced Cyp3a expression decreased accumulation of protoporphyrin and consequently less ductular reaction in livers of mice fed with DDC for 3 weeks. These findings provide strong evidence that synergistic functions of Rb and p53 are essential for metabolism of DDC. Because Rb and p53 functions are frequently disabled in liver diseases, our results suggest that liver patients might have altered ability to remove toxins or properly metabolize therapeutic drugs. Strikingly the reduced biliary injury towards the oxidative stress inducer DCC was accompanied by enhanced hepatocellular injury and formation of HCCs in Rb and p53 deficient livers. The increase in hepatocellular injury might be related to reduce protoporphyrin accumulation, because protoporphrin is well known for its anti-oxidative activity. Furthermore our results indicate that Rb and p53 not only function as tumor suppressors in response to carcinogenic injury, but also in response to non-carcinogenic injury such as DDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathidpak Nantasanti
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584CL, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mathilda J M Toussaint
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584CL, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sameh A Youssef
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584CL, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Peter C J Tooten
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584CL, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Alain de Bruin
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584CL, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Molecular Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV, Groningen, the Netherlands
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21
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Mitchell JK, Lemon SM, McGivern DR. How do persistent infections with hepatitis C virus cause liver cancer? Curr Opin Virol 2015; 14:101-8. [PMID: 26426687 PMCID: PMC4628866 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Persistent infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is associated with an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Cancer typically develops in a setting of chronic hepatic inflammation and advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis, and such tissue represents a pre-neoplastic 'cancer field'. However, not all persistent infections progress to HCC and a combination of viral and host immune factors likely contributes to carcinogenesis. HCV may disrupt cellular pathways involved in detecting and responding to DNA damage, potentially adding to the risk of cancer. Efforts to unravel how HCV promotes HCC are hindered by lack of a robust small animal model, but a better understanding of molecular mechanisms could identify novel biomarkers for early detection and allow for development of improved therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan K Mitchell
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Stanley M Lemon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - David R McGivern
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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22
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Nicolay BN, Danielian PS, Kottakis F, Lapek JD, Sanidas I, Miles WO, Dehnad M, Tschöp K, Gierut JJ, Manning AL, Morris R, Haigis K, Bardeesy N, Lees JA, Haas W, Dyson NJ. Proteomic analysis of pRb loss highlights a signature of decreased mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Genes Dev 2015; 29:1875-89. [PMID: 26314710 PMCID: PMC4573859 DOI: 10.1101/gad.264127.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nicolay et al. ablated Rb in adult mice and conducted a quantitative analysis of RNA and proteomic changes in the colon and lungs. The proteomic changes in common between RbKO tissues showed a striking decrease in proteins with mitochondrial functions, highlighting the importance of pRb for mitochondrial function. The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor (pRb) protein associates with chromatin and regulates gene expression. Numerous studies have identified Rb-dependent RNA signatures, but the proteomic effects of Rb loss are largely unexplored. We acutely ablated Rb in adult mice and conducted a quantitative analysis of RNA and proteomic changes in the colon and lungs, where RbKO was sufficient or insufficient to induce ectopic proliferation, respectively. As expected, RbKO caused similar increases in classic pRb/E2F-regulated transcripts in both tissues, but, unexpectedly, their protein products increased only in the colon, consistent with its increased proliferative index. Thus, these protein changes induced by Rb loss are coupled with proliferation but uncoupled from transcription. The proteomic changes in common between RbKO tissues showed a striking decrease in proteins with mitochondrial functions. Accordingly, RB1 inactivation in human cells decreased both mitochondrial mass and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) function. RBKO cells showed decreased mitochondrial respiratory capacity and the accumulation of hypopolarized mitochondria. Additionally, RB/Rb loss altered mitochondrial pyruvate oxidation from 13C-glucose through the TCA cycle in mouse tissues and cultured cells. Consequently, RBKO cells have an enhanced sensitivity to mitochondrial stress conditions. In summary, proteomic analyses provide a new perspective on Rb/RB1 mutation, highlighting the importance of pRb for mitochondrial function and suggesting vulnerabilities for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon N Nicolay
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Paul S Danielian
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Filippos Kottakis
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - John D Lapek
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Ioannis Sanidas
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Wayne O Miles
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Mantre Dehnad
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA; University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584CX, Netherlands
| | - Katrin Tschöp
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Jessica J Gierut
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Amity L Manning
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Robert Morris
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Kevin Haigis
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Nabeel Bardeesy
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Jacqueline A Lees
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Wilhelm Haas
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Nicholas J Dyson
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
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23
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Mu W, Yao J, Zhang J, Liu S, Wen H, Feng J, Liu Z. Expression of tumor suppressor genes in channel catfish after bacterial infections. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 48:171-177. [PMID: 25453578 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Tumor suppressor genes are negative regulators of tumor formation. While their anti-tumor functions have been well studied, they have been found to be also involved in immune responses and innate immunity. In this study, 21 tumor suppressor genes in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) were characterized. Phylogenetic and syntenic analyses allowed annotation of all 21 catfish tumor suppressor genes. The expression profiles of the 21 catfish tumor suppressor genes were determined using the RNA-Seq datasets. After Edwardsiella ictaluri infection, expression of five of the 21 tumor suppressor genes was up-regulated at 3 days in the intestine, and four of the 21 genes were up-regulated in the liver 14 days post-infection. With Flavobacterium columnare infection, seven genes were up-regulated in the gill at 48 h post-infection. These results expanded our knowledge on the tumor suppressor genes in teleosts, setting a foundation for future studies to unravel functions of tumor suppressor genes in response to stresses, particularly after bacterial disease infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Mu
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Jun Yao
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Jiaren Zhang
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Shikai Liu
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Haishen Wen
- Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Jianbin Feng
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Zhanjiang Liu
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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24
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Wargo JA, Cooper ZA, Flaherty KT. Universes collide: combining immunotherapy with targeted therapy for cancer. Cancer Discov 2014; 4:1377-86. [PMID: 25395294 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-14-0477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED There have been significant advances in the past several years with regard to targeted therapy and immunotherapy for cancer. This is highlighted in melanoma, where treatment with targeted therapy (against the BRAF oncoprotein) results in responses in the majority of patients, although the duration of response is limited. In contrast, treatment with immunotherapy results in a lower response rate, but one that tends to be more durable. Insights about mechanisms of response and potential synergy between these treatment strategies for melanoma are a focus of this review, with opportunities to extend these insights to the treatment of other cancers. SIGNIFICANCE Two major advances in melanoma have occurred concurrently and involve treatment with targeted therapy and immune checkpoint blockade. However, each of these approaches has limitations with regard to overall response rates or duration of response. To address this, investigators have proposed combining these strategies, and this concept is being tested empirically in clinical trials. There is a scientific rationale supporting the combination of targeted therapy and immunotherapy, and these concepts are discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Wargo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Zachary A Cooper
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Keith T Flaherty
- Department of Medical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
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