1
|
Li J, Hua S, Chen GC, Strizich G, Kuniholm MH, Shan Z, Talavera GA, Castañeda SF, Gellman MD, Cai J, Cotler SJ, Zhang X, Hu FB, Kaplan R, Isasi CR, Qi Q. Objectively measured sedentary time, physical activity and liver enzyme elevations in US Hispanics/Latinos. Liver Int 2020; 40:1883-1894. [PMID: 32410310 PMCID: PMC7609452 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Sedentariness and physical inactiveness are associated with deleterious health outcomes, but their associations with liver enzyme elevations remain uncertain. METHODS In 10 385 US Hispanics/Latinos from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos, we examined associations of sedentary time and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) measured by accelerometers with liver enzyme elevations. Elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase and γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) were defined as the highest gender-specific deciles. Prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using weighted Poisson regressions. RESULTS After adjusting for demographical/socioeconomic factors and MVPA, increasing quartiles of sedentary time were associated with a higher prevalence of elevated ALT (PRs [95% CI] = 1.0, 1.17 [0.92-1.47], 1.21 [0.96, 1.53] and 1.51 [1.13-2.02]; P-trend = .007) and elevated GGT (PRs [95% CI] = 1.0, 1.06 [0.82-1.36], 1.35 [1.06-1.73] and 1.66 [1.27-2.16]; P-trend = .0001). These associations were attenuated but remained significant after further adjustment for cardiometabolic traits including body-mass index, waist-hip-ratio, lipids and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance. In contrast, increasing quartiles of MVPA were associated with a lower prevalence of elevated ALT (PRs [95% CI] =1.0, 0.97 [0.77-1.23], 0.84 [0.66-1.06] and 0.72 [0.54-0.96]; P-trend = .01) after adjusting for demographical/socioeconomic factors and sedentary time, but this association became non-significant after further adjustment for cardiometabolic traits. Notably, the association of sedentary time with GGT elevation was significant both in individuals meeting the US Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans (MVPA ≥150 minutes/week) and in those who did not (both P-trend ≤ .003). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that objectively measured sedentary time is independently associated with elevated ALT and GGT in US Hispanics/Latinos.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simin Hua
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Guo-Chong Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Garrett Strizich
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Mark H Kuniholm
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Zhilei Shan
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gregory A Talavera
- South Bay Latino Research Center, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sheila F Castañeda
- South Bay Latino Research Center, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Marc D Gellman
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jianwen Cai
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Scott J Cotler
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hepatology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frank B. Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Carmen R Isasi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Qibin Qi
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA,Correspondence to: Qibin Qi, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, Telephone: 718-430-4203, Fax: 718-430-8780,
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abara WE, Cha S, Malik T, DeSimone MS, Schillie S, Collier M, Schumann B, Klemme M, Kamb M. Prenatal Screening for and Prevalence of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen in Pregnant Women and Prevention of Transmission to Infants Born to Infected Mothers-Guam, 2014. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2018; 7:290-295. [PMID: 28992071 PMCID: PMC11305882 DOI: 10.1093/jpids/pix062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perinatal transmission is the major mode of hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission and drives HBV endemicity in the US territory of Guam. We assessed correlates of prenatal hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) screening and HBsAg positivity among pregnant women and evaluated the care of infants of HBsAg-positive women. METHODS Demographic and clinical data were abstracted from the maternal medical records of 966 randomly selected live infants born in 2014. Frequencies were calculated, and prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Poisson regression. RESULTS Among the mothers of the 966 infants, 78.2% were Pacific Islanders, 56.9% were >25 years old (born before universal infant hepatitis B vaccination in Guam), 89.0% received prenatal care (PNC), 96.7% underwent prenatal HBsAg screening, and 2.0% were HBsAg positive. Approximately 15% of the women who did not have PNC were not screened for HBsAg. Receipt of PNC was associated with HBsAg screening (adjusted PR, 1.13 [95% CI, 1.04-1.23]), and HBsAg positivity was associated with a maternal age of >25 years (adjusted PR, 6.80 [95% CI, 1.32-35.08]). All 18 infants of the HBsAg-positive mothers received hepatitis B vaccine, and 17 (94.4%) received hepatitis B immunoglobulin. CONCLUSION Although the prenatal HBsAg screening prevalence in this sample was high, the maternal HBsAg prevalence among women in this sample was more than 14 times and 2 times the prevalence among US-born Pacific Islander/Asian women and all women in the continental United States, respectively. Improving access to PNC, ensuring that all pregnant women in Guam (especially those born before universal hepatitis B vaccination) are screened for HBsAg, and adopting postexposure prophylaxis for infants of HBsAg-positive mothers as standard clinical practice are important for preventing perinatal HBV transmission and reducing HBV endemicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Winston E Abara
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Susan Cha
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
- Division of Sexually Transmitted Diseases Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Tasneem Malik
- Division of Sexually Transmitted Diseases Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Mia S DeSimone
- Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sarah Schillie
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Melissa Collier
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | | | | | - Mary Kamb
- Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Toy M, Wei B, Virdi TS, Le A, Trinh H, Li J, Zhang J, Hsing AW, So SK, Nguyen MH. Racial/ethnic- and county-specific prevalence of chronic hepatitis B and its burden in California. HEPATOLOGY, MEDICINE AND POLICY 2018; 3:6. [PMID: 30288329 PMCID: PMC5987626 DOI: 10.1186/s41124-018-0034-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background In the United States, the highest burden of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and CHB-related liver cancer is in the state of California, primarily in the San Francisco (SF) Bay and Los Angeles (LA) areas. The aim of this study was to estimate county-specific hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) prevalence and quantify CHB cases by age, race/ethnicity, nativity, and disease activity status. Methods Twelve counties in SF Bay Area and three large counties in LA area were included for this analysis. Race/ethnicity-specific prevalence of HBsAg for each county and the state of California as a whole, was estimated by including prevalence data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and various studies that estimated HBsAg prevalence in US and foreign-born Asian Pacific Islanders, Hispanic, and Black populations. In addition, clinical data of 2000 consecutive CHB patients (collected between 2009 and 2014) from a large clinical consortium in the SF Bay area were used to calculate the age-specific disease burden. Results Of the 15 counties analyzed, SF had the highest HBsAg prevalence (1.78%), followed by Santa Clara (1.63%) and Alameda (1.45%). The majority of CHB cases were estimated to be in LA County (83,770), followed by Santa Clara (31,273), and Alameda (23,764). Among the CHB cases, 12.7% is active HBeAg positive, 24.2% is active HBeAg negative, and 10.6% has cirrhosis. Conclusion This study confirms and quantifies the current burden of CHB in high endemic counties in the state of California using population-level estimates combined with clinical data including those from the community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehlika Toy
- 1Asian Liver Center, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 780 Welch Road, CJ130D, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA
| | - Bin Wei
- 1Asian Liver Center, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 780 Welch Road, CJ130D, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA
| | - Tejpal S Virdi
- 1Asian Liver Center, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 780 Welch Road, CJ130D, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA
| | - An Le
- 2Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA USA
| | - Huy Trinh
- San Jose Gastroenterology, San Jose, CA USA
| | - Jiayi Li
- 4Palo Alto Medical Foundation, Mountain View, CA USA
| | | | - Ann W Hsing
- 6Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA USA
| | - Samuel K So
- 1Asian Liver Center, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 780 Welch Road, CJ130D, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA
| | - Mindie H Nguyen
- 2Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chang MS, Nguyen MH. Epidemiology of hepatitis B and the role of vaccination. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2017; 31:239-247. [PMID: 28774405 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality with a disproportionate impact on Asia and Africa. Current guidelines recommend screening at-risk populations for chronic HBV infection so that diagnosed individuals can be linked to appropriate hepatitis care. The vast majority of infected individuals are undiagnosed and untreated, and are at risk of developing cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma. In individuals who are not yet infected, the HBV vaccine is safe and highly effective at preventing disease transmission. Countries with successful vaccination programs have been able to dramatically reduce their HBV prevalence. A concerted effort to screen, treat, and vaccinate at-risk individuals has the potential to eliminate HBV as a public health threat by 2030.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Chang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
| | - Mindie H Nguyen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang Y, Yang H, Zhou Z, Huang K, Yang S, Han G. Recent Advances on Magnetic Relaxation Switching Assay-Based Nanosensors. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:869-879. [PMID: 28205434 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic relaxation switching assay (MRSw)-based nanosensors respond to the changes of transverse relaxation time (T2) of water molecules resulted from the analyte-induced aggregation and disaggregation of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). This strategy has been widely applied to the detections of various substrates from heavy metal ions to organic pollutants, proteins, nucleic acids, bacteria and viruses, and specific cells. Compared with other nanosensors, MRSw-based nanosensors not only are free from the background interferences, signal bleaching, and quenching but also overcome light scattering from samples without pretreatments. Therefore, MRSw-based nanosensors have been developed as real-time and on-site detection platforms for environmental protection, food safety, and risk assessment. This review summarizes the latest developments of the principles, the applicable magnetic nanoparticles, and the exploited environmental and biological applications of MRSw-based nanosensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, and Shanghai Municipal Education Committee Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Probes and Sensors, Shanghai Normal University , Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Hong Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, and Shanghai Municipal Education Committee Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Probes and Sensors, Shanghai Normal University , Shanghai 200234, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Zhiguo Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, and Shanghai Municipal Education Committee Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Probes and Sensors, Shanghai Normal University , Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Shiping Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, and Shanghai Municipal Education Committee Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Probes and Sensors, Shanghai Normal University , Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Gang Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Velasco-Mondragon E, Jimenez A, Palladino-Davis AG, Davis D, Escamilla-Cejudo JA. Hispanic health in the USA: a scoping review of the literature. Public Health Rev 2016; 37:31. [PMID: 29450072 PMCID: PMC5809877 DOI: 10.1186/s40985-016-0043-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hispanics are the largest minority group in the USA. They contribute to the economy, cultural diversity, and health of the nation. Assessing their health status and health needs is key to inform health policy formulation and program implementation. To this end, we conducted a scoping review of the literature and national statistics on Hispanic health in the USA using a modified social-ecological framework that includes social determinants of health, health disparities, risk factors, and health services, as they shape the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. These social, environmental, and biological forces have modified the epidemiologic profile of Hispanics in the USA, with cancer being the leading cause of mortality, followed by cardiovascular diseases and unintentional injuries. Implementation of the Affordable Care Act has resulted in improved access to health services for Hispanics, but challenges remain due to limited cultural sensitivity, health literacy, and a shortage of Hispanic health care providers. Acculturation barriers and underinsured or uninsured status remain as major obstacles to health care access. Advantageous health outcomes from the "Hispanic Mortality Paradox" and the "Latina Birth Outcomes Paradox" persist, but health gains may be offset in the future by increasing rates of obesity and diabetes. Recommendations focus on the adoption of the Health in All Policies framework, expanding access to health care, developing cultural sensitivity in the health care workforce, and generating and disseminating research findings on Hispanic health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Velasco-Mondragon
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Touro University California, 1310 Johnson Lane; H-82, Rm. 213, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA
| | - Angela Jimenez
- Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
| | | | - Dawn Davis
- St. Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | - Jose A. Escamilla-Cejudo
- Regional Advisor on Health Information and Analysis, Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization, Foggy Bottom, USA
| |
Collapse
|