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Assal RA, Elemam NM, Mekky RY, Attia AA, Soliman AH, Gomaa AI, Efthimiadou EK, Braoudaki M, Fahmy SA, Youness RA. A Novel Epigenetic Strategy to Concurrently Block Immune Checkpoints PD-1/PD-L1 and CD155/TIGIT in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Transl Oncol 2024; 45:101961. [PMID: 38631259 PMCID: PMC11040172 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.101961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment is an intricate web of stromal and immune cells creating an immune suppressive cordon around the tumor. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), Tumor microenvironment is a formidable barrier towards novel immune therapeutic approaches recently evading the oncology field. In this study, the main aim was to identify the intricate immune evasion tactics mediated by HCC cells and to study the epigenetic modulation of the immune checkpoints; Programmed death-1 (PD-1)/ Programmed death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) and T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT)/Cluster of Differentiation 155 (CD155) at the tumor-immune synapse. Thus, liver tissues, PBMCs and sera were collected from Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), HCC as well as healthy individuals. Screening was performed to PD-L1/PD-1 and CD155/TIGIT axes in HCC patients. PDL1, CD155, PD-1 and TIGIT were found to be significantly upregulated in liver tissues and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of HCC patients. An array of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs validated to regulate such immune checkpoints were screened. The lncRNAs; CCAT-1, H19, and MALAT-1 were all significantly upregulated in the sera, PBMCs, and tissues of HCC patients as compared to HCV patients and healthy controls. However, miR-944-5p, miR-105-5p, miR-486-5p, miR-506-5p, and miR-30a-5p were downregulated in the sera and liver tissues of HCC patients. On the tumor cell side, knocking down of lncRNAs-CCAT-1, MALAT-1, or H19-markedly repressed the co-expression of PD-L1 and CD155 and accordingly induced the cytotoxicity of co-cultured primary immune cells. On the immune side, ectopic expression of the under-expressed microRNAs; miR-486-5p, miR-506-5p, and miR-30a-5p significantly decreased the transcript levels of PD-1 in PBMCs with no effect on TIGIT. On the other hand, ectopic expression of miR-944-5p and miR-105-5p in PBMCs dramatically reduced the co-expression of PD-1 and TIGIT. Finally, all studied miRNAs enhanced the cytotoxic effects of PBMCs against Huh7 cells. However, miR-105-5p showed the highest augmentation for PBMCs cytotoxicity against HCC cells. In conclusion, this study highlights a novel co-targeting strategy using miR-105-5p mimics, MALAT-1, CCAT-1 and H19 siRNAs to efficiently hampers the immune checkpoints; PD-L1/PD-1 and CD155/TIGIT immune evasion properties in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem A Assal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Heliopolis University for Sustainable Development, Cairo-Ismailia Desert Road, 11785, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noha M Elemam
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Radwa Y Mekky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA University), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdelrahman A Attia
- General Surgery Department, Ain Shams University, Demerdash Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aya Hesham Soliman
- Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, 11835, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Ibrahim Gomaa
- Department of Hepatology, National Liver Institute, Menoufiya University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Eleni K Efthimiadou
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Braoudaki
- Department of Clinical, Pharmaceutical, and Biological Science, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK
| | - Sherif Ashraf Fahmy
- Chemistry Department, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted by Global Academic Foundation, New Administrative Capital, 11835, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rana A Youness
- Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, 11835, Cairo, Egypt; Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Department, Molecular Genetics Research Team (MGRT), Faculty of Biotechnology, German International University (GIU), New Administrative Capital, 11835, Cairo, Egypt.
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Chen S, He R, Li Y, Zhang S. Pure total flavonoids from Citrus ameliorate NSAIDs-induced intestinal mucosal injury via regulation of exosomal LncRNA H19 and protective autophagy. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29797. [PMID: 38707329 PMCID: PMC11068536 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a class of prescription drugs with antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antiplatelet effects. However, long-term use of NSAIDs will disrupt the intestinal mucosal barrier, causing erosion, ulcers, bleeding, and even perforation. Pure total flavonoids from Citrus (PTFC) is extracted from the dried peel of Citrus, showing a protective effect on intestinal mucosal barrier with unclear mechanisms. Methods In the present study, we used diclofenac (7.5 mg kg-1, i.g.) to induce a rat model of NSAIDs-related intestinal lesions. PTFC (50, 75, 100 mg·kg-1 d-1, i.g.) was administered 9 days before the initial diclofenac administration, followed by co-administration on the last 5 days. Exosomes were identified by western blotting and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and then co-cultured with IEC-6 cells. The expression of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) H19, autophagy-related 5 (Atg5), ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-1 were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The expression of light chain 3 (LC3)-I, LC3-II, ZO-1, Occludin and Claudin-1 proteins was tested by western blotting. The localization of both exosomes and autophagosomes was examined by immunofluorescent technique. Results The treatment of PTFC attenuated intestinal mucosal mechanical barrier function disturbance in diclofenac-induced NSAIDs rats. IEC-6 cells co-cultured with NSAIDs rats-derived exosomes possessed the lowest levels of protective autophagy, and severe intestinal barrier injuries. Cells co-cultured with the exosomes extracted from rats administrated PTFC exhibited an improvement of autophagy and intestinal mucosal mechanical barrier function. The prevention effect was proportional to the concentration of PTFC administered. Conclusion PTFC ameliorated NSAIDs-induced intestinal mucosal injury by down-regulating exosomal lncRNA H19 and promoting autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruonan He
- The First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (The Xin Hua Hospital of Zhejiang Province), Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (The Xin Hua Hospital of Zhejiang Province), No. 318 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310005, Zhejiang, China
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Liang H, Geng S, Wang Y, Fang Q, Xin Y, Li Y. Tumour-derived exosome SNHG17 induced by oestrogen contributes to ovarian cancer progression via the CCL13-CCR2-M2 macrophage axis. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18315. [PMID: 38680032 PMCID: PMC11056704 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Oestrogen is known to be strongly associated with ovarian cancer. There was much work to show the importance of lncRNA SNHG17 in ovarian cancer. However, no study has revealed the molecular regulatory mechanism and functional effects between oestrogen and SNHG17 in the development and metastasis of ovarian cancer. In this study, we found that SNHG17 expression was significantly increased in ovarian cancer and positively correlated with oestrogen treatment. Oestrogen could promote M2 macrophage polarization as well as ovarian cancer cells SKOV3 and ES2 cell exosomal SNHG17 expression. When exposure to oestrogen, exosomal SNHG17 promoted ovarian cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro, and tumour growth and lung metastasis in vivo by accelerating M2-like phenotype of macrophages. Mechanically, exosomal SNHG17 could facilitate the release of CCL13 from M2 macrophage via the PI3K-Akt signalling pathway. Moreover, CCL13-CCR2 axis was identified to be involved in ovarian cancer tumour behaviours driven by oestrogen. There results demonstrate a novel mechanism that exosomal SNHG17 exerts an oncogenic effect on ovarian cancer via the CCL13-CCR2-M2 macrophage axis upon oestrogen treatment, of which SNHG17 may be a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for ovarian cancer responded to oestrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyChina‐Japan Friendship HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Shuo Geng
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyChina‐Japan Friendship HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Yadong Wang
- Scientific Research DepartmentGeneX Health Co., LtdBeijingChina
| | - Qing Fang
- Institute of Clinical MedicineChina‐Japan Friendship HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Yongfeng Xin
- Department of GynecologyThe People's Hospital of DaLaTeOrdosInner MongoliaChina
| | - Yanqing Li
- Department of GynecologyHebei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineWuhanHebeiChina
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Pham HN, Pham L, Sato K. Navigating the liver landscape: upcoming pharmacotherapies for primary sclerosing cholangitis. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2024; 25:895-906. [PMID: 38813599 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2024.2362263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a bile duct disorder characterized by ductular reaction, hepatic inflammation, and liver fibrosis. The pathogenesis of PSC is still undefined, and treatment options for patients are limited. Previous clinical trials evaluated drug candidates targeting various cellular functions and pathways, such as bile acid signaling and absorption, gut bacteria and permeability, and lipid metabolisms. However, most of phase III clinical trials for PSC were disappointing, except vancomycin therapy, and there are still no established medications for PSC with efficacy and safety confirmed by phase IV clinical trials. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the currently ongoing or completed clinical studies for PSC, which are phase II or further, and discusses therapeutic targets and strategies, limitations, and future directions and possibilities of PSC treatments. A literature search was conducted in PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov utilizing the combination of the searched term 'primary sclerosing cholangitis' with other keywords, such as 'clinical trials,' 'antibiotics,' or drug names. Clinical trials at phase II or further were included for consideration. EXPERT OPINION Only vancomycin demonstrated promising therapeutic effects in the phase III clinical trial. Other drug candidates showed futility or inconsistent results, and the search for novel PSC treatments is still ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Nam Pham
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Linh Pham
- Department of Science and Mathematics, Texas A&M University - Central Texas, Killeen, TX, USA
| | - Keisaku Sato
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Mavila N, Siraganahalli Eshwaraiah M, Kennedy J. Ductular Reactions in Liver Injury, Regeneration, and Disease Progression-An Overview. Cells 2024; 13:579. [PMID: 38607018 PMCID: PMC11011399 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Ductular reaction (DR) is a complex cellular response that occurs in the liver during chronic injuries. DR mainly consists of hyper-proliferative or reactive cholangiocytes and, to a lesser extent, de-differentiated hepatocytes and liver progenitors presenting a close spatial interaction with periportal mesenchyme and immune cells. The underlying pathology of DRs leads to extensive tissue remodeling in chronic liver diseases. DR initiates as a tissue-regeneration mechanism in the liver; however, its close association with progressive fibrosis and inflammation in many chronic liver diseases makes it a more complicated pathological response than a simple regenerative process. An in-depth understanding of the cellular physiology of DRs and their contribution to tissue repair, inflammation, and progressive fibrosis can help scientists develop cell-type specific targeted therapies to manage liver fibrosis and chronic liver diseases effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmala Mavila
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (M.S.E.); (J.K.)
- Division of Applied Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Mallikarjuna Siraganahalli Eshwaraiah
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (M.S.E.); (J.K.)
| | - Jaquelene Kennedy
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (M.S.E.); (J.K.)
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Li J, Fang J, Jiang X, Zhang Y, Vidal-Puig A, Zhang CY. RNAkines are secreted messengers shaping health and disease. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024; 35:201-218. [PMID: 38160178 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have crucial roles in intercellular communications. The process of ncRNA secretion is highly regulated, with specific ncRNA profiles produced under different physiological and pathological circumstances. These ncRNAs are transported primarily via extracellular vesicles (EVs) from their origin cells to target cells, utilising both endocrine and paracrine pathways. The intercellular impacts of extracellular ncRNAs are essential for maintaining homeostasis and the pathogenesis of various diseases. Given the unique aspects of extracellular ncRNAs, here we propose the term 'RNAkine' to describe these recently identified secreted factors. We explore their roles as intercellular modulators, particularly in their ability to regulate metabolism and influence tumorigenesis, highlighting their definition and importance as a distinct class of secreted factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Centre of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Centre for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), Institute of Artificial Intelligence Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China.
| | - Jingwen Fang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Centre of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Centre for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), Institute of Artificial Intelligence Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Jiang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Centre of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Centre for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), Institute of Artificial Intelligence Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Yujing Zhang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Centre of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Centre for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), Institute of Artificial Intelligence Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Cambridge, UK; Cambridge University Nanjing Centre of Technology and Innovation, Nanjing, China.
| | - Chen-Yu Zhang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Centre of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Centre for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), Institute of Artificial Intelligence Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China; Research Unit of Extracellular RNA, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China; Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100144, PR China.
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Ma D, Ma J, Zhao C, Tai W. Reasons why women are more likely to develop primary biliary cholangitis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25634. [PMID: 38384574 PMCID: PMC10878884 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic autoimmune disease of biliary stasis in which immune factors cause the gradual destruction of small bile ducts, biliary stasis, and eventually the development of liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even liver failure. One of the main characteristics of PBC is that it primarily affects middle-aged women, but the precise cause is still unknown. This article analyzes the unique causes and mechanisms of the female predominance of PBC and summarizes the potential causes.The female domination of PBC is reported to be primarily caused by sex hormones, environmental circumstances, and epigenetic changes, each of which has a different subtle impact on patients' gender disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Ma
- Clinical Laboratory Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jiaxuan Ma
- Clinical Laboratory Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Chunmei Zhao
- Clinical Laboratory Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Wenlin Tai
- Clinical Laboratory Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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Zhang Y, Liu Y, Huo W, He L, Li B, Wang H, Meng F, Duan C, Zhou B, Wu J, Chen R, Xing J, Wan Y. The Role of miRNA and Long Noncoding RNA in Cholestatic Liver Diseases. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024:S0002-9440(24)00075-0. [PMID: 38417698 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2024.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Cholestatic liver diseases encompass a range of organic damages, metabolic disorders, and dysfunctions within the hepatobiliary system, arising from various pathogenic causes. These factors contribute to disruptions in bile production, secretion, and excretion. Cholestatic liver diseases can be classified into intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholestasis, according to the location of occurrence. The etiology of cholestatic liver diseases is complex, and includes drugs, poisons, viruses, parasites, bacteria, autoimmune responses, tumors, and genetic metabolism. The pathogenesis of cholelstatic liver disease is not completely clarified; also, there is still a lack of effective therapy methods. It is urgent to clarify its mechanism to find more effective therapeutic targets and drugs. Increasing evidence demonstrates that miRNA and long noncoding RNA are involved in the progression of cholestatic liver diseases. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the research progress on the roles of miRNA and long noncoding RNA in cholestatic liver diseases. The aim is to enhance the understanding of their potential diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic value for patients with cholestasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudian Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wen Huo
- Functional Experiment Center, College of Basic and Legal Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Longfei He
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Bowen Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Fanyin Meng
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Chenggang Duan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Bingru Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jinbo Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Luzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital (Luzhou Second People's Hospital), Luzhou, China
| | - Rong Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Juan Xing
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
| | - Ying Wan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
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Wang Y, Zhao D, Su L, Tai YL, Way GW, Zeng J, Yan Q, Xu Y, Wang X, Gurley EC, Zhou XQ, Liu J, Liu J, Chen W, Hylemon PB, Zhou H. Therapeutic potential of berberine in attenuating cholestatic liver injury: insights from a PSC mouse model. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:14. [PMID: 38273376 PMCID: PMC10809567 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-024-01195-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic liver disease characterized by progressive biliary inflammation and bile duct injury. Berberine (BBR) is a bioactive isoquinoline alkaloid found in various herbs and has multiple beneficial effects on metabolic and inflammatory diseases, including liver diseases. This study aimed to examine the therapeutic effect of BBR on cholestatic liver injury in a PSC mouse model (Mdr2-/- mice) and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Mdr2-/-mice (12-14 weeks old, both sexes) received either BBR (50 mg/kg) or control solution daily for eight weeks via oral gavage. Histological and serum biochemical analyses were used to assess fibrotic liver injury severity. Total RNAseq and pathway analyses were used to identify the potential signaling pathways modulated by BBR in the liver. The expression levels of key genes involved in regulating hepatic fibrosis, bile duct proliferation, inflammation, and bile acid metabolism were validated by qRT-PCR or Western blot analysis. The bile acid composition and levels in the serum, liver, small intestine, and feces and tissue distribution of BBR were measured by LC-MS/MS. Intestinal inflammation and injury were assessed by gene expression profiling and histological analysis. The impact on the gut microbiome was assessed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. RESULTS BBR treatment significantly ameliorated cholestatic liver injury, evidenced by decreased serum levels of AST, ALT, and ALP, and reduced bile duct proliferation and hepatic fibrosis, as shown by H&E, Picro-Sirius Red, and CK19 IHC staining. RNAseq and qRT-PCR analyses indicated a substantial inhibition of fibrotic and inflammatory gene expression. BBR also mitigated ER stress by downregulating Chop, Atf4 and Xbp-1 expression. In addition, BBR modulated bile acid metabolism by altering key gene expressions in the liver and small intestine, resulting in restored bile acid homeostasis characterized by reduced total bile acids in serum, liver, and small intestine and increased fecal excretion. Furthermore, BBR significantly improved intestinal barrier function and reduced bacterial translocation by modulating the gut microbiota. CONCLUSION BBR effectively attenuates cholestatic liver injury, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent for PSC and other cholestatic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University and Richmond Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1220 East Broad Street, MMRB-5044, Richmond, VA, 23298-0678, USA
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Derrick Zhao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University and Richmond Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1220 East Broad Street, MMRB-5044, Richmond, VA, 23298-0678, USA
| | - Lianyong Su
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University and Richmond Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1220 East Broad Street, MMRB-5044, Richmond, VA, 23298-0678, USA
| | - Yun-Ling Tai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University and Richmond Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1220 East Broad Street, MMRB-5044, Richmond, VA, 23298-0678, USA
| | - Grayson W Way
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University and Richmond Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1220 East Broad Street, MMRB-5044, Richmond, VA, 23298-0678, USA
| | - Jing Zeng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University and Richmond Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1220 East Broad Street, MMRB-5044, Richmond, VA, 23298-0678, USA
| | - Qianhua Yan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University and Richmond Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1220 East Broad Street, MMRB-5044, Richmond, VA, 23298-0678, USA
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University and Richmond Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1220 East Broad Street, MMRB-5044, Richmond, VA, 23298-0678, USA
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University and Richmond Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1220 East Broad Street, MMRB-5044, Richmond, VA, 23298-0678, USA
| | - Emily C Gurley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University and Richmond Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1220 East Broad Street, MMRB-5044, Richmond, VA, 23298-0678, USA
| | - Xi-Qiao Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinze Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jinpeng Liu
- Department of Computer Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Weidong Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Phillip B Hylemon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University and Richmond Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1220 East Broad Street, MMRB-5044, Richmond, VA, 23298-0678, USA
| | - Huiping Zhou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University and Richmond Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1220 East Broad Street, MMRB-5044, Richmond, VA, 23298-0678, USA.
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Chen R, Zhou D, Chen Y, Chen M, Shuai Z. Understanding the role of exosomal lncRNAs in rheumatic diseases: a review. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16434. [PMID: 38107573 PMCID: PMC10725171 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatic diseases, a group of diseases whose etiology is still unclear, are thought to be related to genetic and environmental factors, leading to complex pathogenesis. Based on their multi-system involvement, the diagnosis and treatment continue to face huge challenges. Whole-genome assays provide a distinct direction for understanding the underlying mechanisms of such diseases. Exosomes, nano-sized bilayer membrane vesicles secreted by cells, are mentioned as a key element in the physiological and pathological processes of the body. These exosomes mediate biologically active substances, such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids and deliver them to cells. Notably, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a unique class of non-coding RNAs, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of rheumatic diseases. However, the mechanism needs to be further explored. This article provided a comprehensive review of the findings on exosomal lncRNAs in rheumatic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, autoimmune liver diseases, primary dermatomyositis, and systemic sclerosis. Through in-depth understanding of these lncRNAs and their involved signaling pathways provide new theoretical supports for the diagnosis and treatment of rheumatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruofei Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China
| | - Dongqing Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yangfan Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China
| | - Mingwei Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zongwen Shuai
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China
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11
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Li XJY, Zhou F, Li YJ, Xue XY, Qu JR, Fan GF, Liu J, Sun R, Wu JZ, Zheng Q, Liu RP. LncRNA H19-EZH2 interaction promotes liver fibrosis via reprogramming H3K27me3 profiles. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:2479-2491. [PMID: 37580495 PMCID: PMC10692088 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01145-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a wound-healing process characterized by excess formation of extracellular matrix (ECM) from activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Previous studies show that both EZH2, an epigenetic regulator that catalyzes lysine 27 trimethylation on histone 3 (H3K27me3), and long non-coding RNA H19 are highly correlated with fibrogenesis. In the current study, we investigated the underlying mechanisms. Various models of liver fibrosis including Mdr2-/-, bile duct ligation (BDL) and CCl4 mice were adapted. We found that EZH2 was markedly upregulated and correlated with H19 and fibrotic markers expression in these models. Administration of EZH2 inhibitor 3-DZNeP caused significant protective effects in these models. Furthermore, treatment with 3-DZNeP or GSK126 significantly inhibited primary HSC activation and proliferation in TGF-β-treated HSCs and H19-overexpreesing LX2 cells in vivo. Using RNA-pull down assay combined with RNA immunoprecipitation, we demonstrated that H19 could directly bind to EZH2. Integrated analysis of RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) further revealed that H19 regulated the reprogramming of EZH2-mediated H3K27me3 profiles, which epigenetically promoted several pathways favoring HSCs activation and proliferation, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition and Wnt/β-catenin signaling. In conclusion, highly expressed H19 in chronic liver diseases promotes fibrogenesis by reprogramming EZH2-mediated epigenetic regulation of HSCs activation. Targeting the H19-EZH2 interaction may serve as a novel therapeutic approach for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jiao-Yang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Fei Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ya-Jing Li
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Xue
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jiao-Rong Qu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Gui-Fang Fan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Rong Sun
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Ji-nan, 250033, China
| | - Jian-Zhi Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Qi Zheng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Run-Ping Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
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12
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Xiong L, Tang M, Xing S, Yang X. The role of noncoding RNA and its diagnostic potential in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: a research update. Front Genet 2023; 14:1239693. [PMID: 37900174 PMCID: PMC10611463 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1239693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a common liver disorder that generally occurs during the second or third trimester of pregnancy. It rarely causes any harm to the mother; however, it can result in short- and long-term complications in the offspring. Therefore, it is crucial to diagnose and treat this condition to avoid poor pregnancy outcomes. The identification of novel markers with potential diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic utility in ICP has gained attention. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNA, long noncoding RNA, and circular RNA, are a type of transcripts that are not translated into proteins. They possess vital biological functions, including transcriptional and translational regulation and DNA, RNA, and protein interactions. The pathogenesis of ICP is related to the aberrant expression of several circulating or placenta-related ncRNAs. In this review, we summarized all recent findings on ncRNAs and ICP and outlined the concepts that form the basis for the early diagnosis and targeted treatment of ICP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liling Xiong
- Obstetrics Department, Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Center Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Mi Tang
- GCP Institution, Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Center Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Shasha Xing
- GCP Institution, Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Center Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Obstetrics Department, Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Center Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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13
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Li Y, Ma Z, Ding M, Jia K, Xu B, Zhou F, Luo R, Xue X, Wu R, Gao F, Li X. Chuanxiong Rhizoma extracts prevent cholestatic liver injury by targeting H3K9ac-mediated and cholangiocyte-derived secretory protein PAI-1 and FN. Chin J Nat Med 2023; 21:694-709. [PMID: 37777319 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(23)60416-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Chuanxiong Rhizoma (CX, the dried rhizome of Ligusticum wallichii Franch.), a well-known traditional Chinese medicine, is clinically used for treating cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and hepatobiliary diseases. Cholestatic liver damage is one of the chronic liver diseases with limited effective therapeutic strategies. Currently, little is known about the mechanism links between CX-induced anti-cholestatic action and intercellular communication between cholangiocytes and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). The study aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of different CX extracts including the aqueous, alkaloid, phenolic acid and phthalide extracts of CX (CXAE, CXAL, CXPA and CXPHL) and investigate the intercellular communication-related mechanisms by which the most effective extracts work on cholestatic liver injury. The active compounds of different CX extracts were identified by UPLC-MS/MS. A cholestatic liver injury mouse model induced by bile duct ligation (BDL), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-treated human intrahepatic biliary epithelial cholangiocytes (HIBECs) and HSC cell line (LX-2 cells) were used for in vivo and in vitro studies. Histological and other biological techniques were also applied. The results indicated that CXAE, CXAL and CXPHL significantly reduced ductular reaction (DR) and improved liver fibrosis in the BDL mice. Meanwhile, both CXAE and CXPHL suppressed DR in injured HIBECs and reduced collagen contraction force and the expression of fibrosis biomarkers in LX-2 cells treated with TGF-β. CXPHL suppressed the transcription and transfer of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and fibronectin (FN) from the 'DR-like' cholangiocytes to activated HSCs. Mechanistically, the inhibition of PAI-1 and FN by CXPHL was attributed to the untight combination of the acetyltransferase KAT2A and SMAD3, followdd by the suppression of histone 3 lysine 9 acetylation (H3K9ac)-mediated transcription in cholangiocytes. In conclusion, CXPHL exerts stronger anti-cholestatic activity in vivo and in vitro than other CX extracts, and its protective effect on the intracellular communication between cholangiocytes and HSCs is achieved by reducing KAT2A/H3K9ac-mediated transcription and release of PAI-1 and FN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Li
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhi Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Mingning Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Kexin Jia
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Bing Xu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Fei Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ranyi Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaoyong Xue
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ruiyu Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Feng Gao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaojiaoyang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
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14
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Zhang Y, Hong L, Li X, Li Y, Zhang X, Jiang J, Shi F, Diao H. M1 macrophage-derived exosomes promote autoimmune liver injury by transferring long noncoding RNA H19 to hepatocytes. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e303. [PMID: 37398637 PMCID: PMC10310975 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes mediate intercellular communication by transmitting active molecules. The function of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) H19 in autoimmune liver injury is unclear. Concanavalin A (ConA)-induced liver injury is well-characterized immune-mediated hepatitis. Here, we showed that lncRNA H19 expression was increased in the liver after ConA treatment, accompanied by increased exosome secretion. Moreover, injection of AAV-H19 aggravated ConA-induced hepatitis, with an increase in hepatocyte apoptosis. However, GW4869, an exosome inhibitor, alleviated ConA-induced liver injury and inhibited the upregulation of lncRNA H19. Intriguingly, lncRNA H19 expression in the liver was significantly downregulated, after macrophage depletion. Importantly, the lncRNA H19 was primarily expressed in type I macrophage (M1) and encapsulated in M1-derived exosomes. Furthermore, H19 was transported from M1 to hepatocytes via exosomes, and exosomal H19 dramatically induced hepatocytes apoptosis both in vitro and vivo. Mechanistically, H19 upregulated the transcription of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α), which accumulated in the cytoplasm and mediated hepatocyte apoptosis by upregulating p53. M1-derived exosomal lncRNA H19 plays a pivotal role in ConA-induced hepatitis through the HIF-1α-p53 signaling pathway. These findings identify M1 macrophage-derived exosomal H19 as a novel target for the treatment of autoimmune liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseaseCollaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated HospitalCollege of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Liang Hong
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseaseCollaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated HospitalCollege of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Xuehui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseaseCollaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated HospitalCollege of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yuyu Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseaseCollaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated HospitalCollege of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Xujun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseaseCollaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated HospitalCollege of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jingjing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseaseCollaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated HospitalCollege of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Fan Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseaseCollaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated HospitalCollege of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Hongyan Diao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseaseCollaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated HospitalCollege of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
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15
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Sun C, Zhou C, Daneshvar K, Kratkiewicz AJ, Saad AB, Hess A, Chen JY, Pondick JV, York SR, Li W, Moran S, Gentile S, Rahman RU, Li Z, Sparks R, Habboub T, Kim BM, Choi MY, Affo S, Schwabe RF, Popov YV, Mullen AC. Conserved long noncoding RNA TILAM promotes liver fibrosis through interaction with PML in hepatic stellate cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.29.551032. [PMID: 37546982 PMCID: PMC10402143 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.29.551032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Background & Aims Fibrosis is the common endpoint for all forms of chronic liver injury, and progression of fibrosis leads to the development of end-stage liver disease. Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and their transdifferentiation to myofibroblasts results in the accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins that form the fibrotic scar. Long noncoding (lnc) RNAs regulate the activity of HSCs and may provide targets for fibrotic therapies. Methods We identified lncRNA TILAM as expressed near COL1A1 in human HSCs and performed loss-of-function studies in human HSCs and liver organoids. Transcriptomic analyses of HSCs isolated from mice defined the murine ortholog of TILAM . We then generated Tilam -deficient GFP reporter mice and quantified fibrotic responses to carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ) and choline-deficient L-amino acid defined high fat diet (CDA-HFD). Co-precipitation studies, mass spectrometry, and gene expression analyses identified protein partners of TILAM . Results TILAM is conserved between human and mouse HSCs and regulates expression of ECM proteins, including collagen. Tilam is selectively induced in HSCs during the development of fibrosis in vivo . In both male and female mice, loss of Tilam results in reduced fibrosis in the setting of CCl 4 and CDA-HFD injury models. TILAM interacts with promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) to stabilize PML protein levels and promote the fibrotic activity of HSCs. Conclusion TILAM is activated in HSCs and interacts with PML to drive the development of liver fibrosis. Depletion of TILAM may serve as a therapeutic approach to combat the development of end stage liver disease.
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16
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Yang Z, Tang N, Zheng M, Chang Y. Exosomal Long Noncoding RNAs Serve as Biomarkers for Liver Disease. THE TURKISH JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF TURKISH SOCIETY OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2023; 34:674-680. [PMID: 37326156 PMCID: PMC10441155 DOI: 10.5152/tjg.2023.22741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are tiny vesicles secreted by cells, with a diameter of 40-160 nm, which contain proteins, DNA, mRNA, long noncoding RNA, etc. Because of the low sensitivity and specificity of the conventional biomarkers for liver diseases, it is of utmost importance to discover novel, sensitive, specific, and non-invasive biomarkers. Exosomal long noncoding RNAs have been considered as potential diagnostic, prognostic, or predictive biomarkers in a wide range of liver pathologies. In this review, we discuss the recent progress on exosomal long noncoding RNAs that serve as potential diagnostic, prognostic, or predictive markers and molecular targets in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, cholestatic liver injury, viral hepatitis, and alcohol-related liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Yang
- China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Innostar Bio-tech Company Limited, Shanghai, China
| | - Naping Tang
- China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Innostar Bio-tech Company Limited, Shanghai, China
| | - Minhui Zheng
- China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Innostar Bio-tech Company Limited, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Chang
- China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Innostar Bio-tech Company Limited, Shanghai, China
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17
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Parthasarathy G, Hirsova P, Kostallari E, Sidhu GS, Ibrahim SH, Malhi H. Extracellular Vesicles in Hepatobiliary Health and Disease. Compr Physiol 2023; 13:4631-4658. [PMID: 37358519 PMCID: PMC10798368 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound nanoparticles released by cells and are an important means of intercellular communication in physiological and pathological states. We provide an overview of recent advances in the understanding of EV biogenesis, cargo selection, recipient cell effects, and key considerations in isolation and characterization techniques. Studies on the physiological role of EVs have relied on cell-based model systems due to technical limitations of studying endogenous nanoparticles in vivo . Several recent studies have elucidated the mechanistic role of EVs in liver diseases, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, viral hepatitis, cholestatic liver disease, alcohol-associated liver disease, acute liver injury, and liver cancers. Employing disease models and human samples, the biogenesis of lipotoxic EVs downstream of endoplasmic reticulum stress and microvesicles via intracellular activation stress signaling are discussed in detail. The diverse cargoes of EVs including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids can be enriched in a disease-specific manner. By carrying diverse cargo, EVs can directly confer pathogenic potential, for example, recruitment and activation of monocyte-derived macrophages in NASH and tumorigenicity and chemoresistance in hepatocellular carcinoma. We discuss the pathogenic role of EVs cargoes and the signaling pathways activated by EVs in recipient cells. We review the literature that EVs can serve as biomarkers in hepatobiliary diseases. Further, we describe novel approaches to engineer EVs to deliver regulatory signals to specific cell types, and thus use them as therapeutic shuttles in liver diseases. Lastly, we identify key lacunae and future directions in this promising field of discovery and development. © 2023 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 13:4631-4658, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Petra Hirsova
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Enis Kostallari
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Guneet S. Sidhu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Samar H. Ibrahim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Harmeet Malhi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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18
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Ban J, Zhang Q, Chang S, Qu H, Liu F. The therapeutic effect of exosomal lncRNA MSTRG.91634.7 on mitochondrial dysfunction during SiO 2-induced lung fibrosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 121:110508. [PMID: 37339568 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Long-term silica (SiO2) exposure led to irreversible lung fibrosis, in which epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) played an essential role. A novel lncRNA MSTRG.91634.7 in the peripheral exosomes of silicosis patients was reported in our previous study, which could remold the pathological process of silicosis. However, whether its regulatory role on the development of silicosis was related to EMT process is unclear, and its mechanism remains to be further studied. In this study, up-regulating lncRNA MSTRG91634.7 restricted SiO2-activated EMT and restored mitochondrial homeostasis binding to PINK1 in vitro. Moreover, overexpressing PINK1 could inhibit SiO2-activated EMT in pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis in mice. Meanwhile, PINK1 contributed to restoring the SiO2-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in mice lung. Our results revealed that exosomal lncRNA MSTRG.91634.7 from macrophages could restore mitochondrial homeostasis to restrict the SiO2-activated EMT by binding to PINK1 during pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis due to SiO2 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Ban
- School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Shuai Chang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Huiyan Qu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Fangwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China; Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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19
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Zhu J, Wang S, Yang D, Xu W, Qian H. Extracellular vesicles: emerging roles, biomarkers and therapeutic strategies in fibrotic diseases. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:164. [PMID: 37221595 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01921-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), a cluster of cell-secreted lipid bilayer nanoscale particles, universally exist in body fluids, as well as cell and tissue culture supernatants. Over the past years, increasing attention have been paid to the important role of EVs as effective intercellular communicators in fibrotic diseases. Notably, EV cargos, including proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and metabolites, are reported to be disease-specific and can even contribute to fibrosis pathology. Thus, EVs are considered as effective biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis. Emerging evidence shows that EVs derived from stem/progenitor cells have great prospects for cell-free therapy in various preclinical models of fibrotic diseases and engineered EVs can improve the targeting and effectiveness of their treatment. In this review, we will focus on the biological functions and mechanisms of EVs in the fibrotic diseases, as well as their potential as novel biomarkers and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Zhu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Sicong Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Dakai Yang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Wenrong Xu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China.
| | - Hui Qian
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China.
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20
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Shen J, Cao J, Chen M, Zhang Y. Recent advances in the role of exosomes in liver fibrosis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023. [PMID: 37114594 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.16203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM We aim to summarize the current status of research on the role of exosomes in liver fibrosis. METHODS A review of the relevant literature was performed and the key findings were presented. RESULTS Most studies focused on the role of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells, other types of stem cells, and liver resident cells including hepatocytes, cholangiocytes, and hepatic stellate cells in liver fibrosis. Exosomes have been reported to play an essential role in the inactivation or activation of hepatic stellate cells through the delivery of non-coding RNAs and proteins. In recent years, this exosome cargo has become a research hotspot. CONCLUSIONS Recent studies have indicated the potential therapeutic benefit of exosomes in liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiliang Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiasheng Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingyu Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yaping Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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21
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Wang Y, Zeng J, Chen W, Fan J, Hylemon PB, Zhou H. Long Noncoding RNA H19: A Novel Oncogene in Liver Cancer. Noncoding RNA 2023; 9:19. [PMID: 36960964 PMCID: PMC10037657 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna9020019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death globally, with limited treatment options. Recent studies have demonstrated the critical role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the pathogenesis of liver cancers. Of note, mounting evidence has shown that lncRNA H19, an endogenous noncoding single-stranded RNA, functions as an oncogene in the development and progression of liver cancer, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), the two most prevalent primary liver tumors in adults. H19 can affect many critical biological processes, including the cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis of liver cancer by its function on epigenetic modification, H19/miR-675 axis, miRNAs sponge, drug resistance, and its regulation of downstream pathways. In this review, we will focus on the most relevant molecular mechanisms of action and regulation of H19 in the development and pathophysiology of HCC and CCA. This review aims to provide valuable perspectives and translational applications of H19 as a potential diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for liver cancer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Virginia, Central Virginia Veterans Healthcare System, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1220 East Broad Street, MMRB-5044, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Jing Zeng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Virginia, Central Virginia Veterans Healthcare System, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1220 East Broad Street, MMRB-5044, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Weidong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Jiangao Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Phillip B. Hylemon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Virginia, Central Virginia Veterans Healthcare System, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1220 East Broad Street, MMRB-5044, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Huiping Zhou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Virginia, Central Virginia Veterans Healthcare System, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1220 East Broad Street, MMRB-5044, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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Spiers HVM, Stadler LKJ, Smith H, Kosmoliaptsis V. Extracellular Vesicles as Drug Delivery Systems in Organ Transplantation: The Next Frontier. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:891. [PMID: 36986753 PMCID: PMC10052210 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are lipid bilayer-delimited nanoparticles excreted into the extracellular space by all cells. They carry a cargo rich in proteins, lipids and DNA, as well as a full complement of RNA species, which they deliver to recipient cells to induce downstream signalling, and they play a key role in many physiological and pathological processes. There is evidence that native and hybrid EVs may be used as effective drug delivery systems, with their intrinsic ability to protect and deliver a functional cargo by utilising endogenous cellular mechanisms making them attractive as therapeutics. Organ transplantation is the gold standard for treatment for suitable patients with end-stage organ failure. However, significant challenges still remain in organ transplantation; prevention of graft rejection requires heavy immunosuppression and the lack of donor organs results in a failure to meet demand, as manifested by growing waiting lists. Pre-clinical studies have demonstrated the ability of EVs to prevent rejection in transplantation and mitigate ischemia reperfusion injury in several disease models. The findings of this work have made clinical translation of EVs possible, with several clinical trials actively recruiting patients. However, there is much to be uncovered, and it is essential to understand the mechanisms behind the therapeutic benefits of EVs. Machine perfusion of isolated organs provides an unparalleled platform for the investigation of EV biology and the testing of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of EVs. This review classifies EVs and their biogenesis routes, and discusses the isolation and characterisation methods adopted by the international EV research community, before delving into what is known about EVs as drug delivery systems and why organ transplantation represents an ideal platform for their development as drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry V. M. Spiers
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (H.V.M.S.)
- NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Organ Donation and Transplantation, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Lukas K. J. Stadler
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (H.V.M.S.)
- NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Organ Donation and Transplantation, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Hugo Smith
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (H.V.M.S.)
| | - Vasilis Kosmoliaptsis
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (H.V.M.S.)
- NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Organ Donation and Transplantation, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
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23
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Sun Y, Liu C, Guo X, Zhao J, Xiao A, Yin K, Liu M, Sun X, Chen X, Liu M. Identification of the c-Jun/H19/miR-19/JNK1 cascade during hepatic stellate cell activation. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1106. [PMID: 36864707 PMCID: PMC9982076 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life SciencesJiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and BiotechnologyNJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS)School of Life SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Chunyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life SciencesJiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and BiotechnologyNJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS)School of Life SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Xu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life SciencesJiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and BiotechnologyNJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS)School of Life SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Jiayu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life SciencesJiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and BiotechnologyNJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS)School of Life SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Anqi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life SciencesJiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and BiotechnologyNJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS)School of Life SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Kai Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life SciencesJiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and BiotechnologyNJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS)School of Life SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Ming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life SciencesJiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and BiotechnologyNJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS)School of Life SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Xinlei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life SciencesJiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and BiotechnologyNJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS)School of Life SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life SciencesJiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and BiotechnologyNJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS)School of Life SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Minghui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life SciencesJiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and BiotechnologyNJU Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS)School of Life SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
- School of Life Science and TechnologyChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
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24
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Yang H, Zhang Y, Du Z, Wu T, Yang C. Hair follicle mesenchymal stem cell exosomal lncRNA H19 inhibited NLRP3 pyroptosis to promote diabetic mouse skin wound healing. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:791-809. [PMID: 36787444 PMCID: PMC9970314 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Skin wounds caused by diabetes are a major medical problem. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes hold promise to quicken wound healing due to their ability to transfer certain molecules to target cells, including mRNAs, microRNAs, lncRNAs, and proteins. Nonetheless, the specific mechanisms underlying this impact are not elucidated. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate the effect of MSC-derived exosomes comprising long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) H19 on diabetic skin wound healing. Hair follicle mesenchymal stem cells (HF-MSCs) were effectively isolated and detected, and exosomes (Exo) were also isolated smoothly. Pretreatment with 30 mM glucose for 24 h (HG) could efficiently induce pyroptosis in HaCaT cells. Exosomal H19 enhanced HaCaT proliferation and migration and inhibited pyroptosis by reversing the stimulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Injection of exosomes overexpressing lncRNA H19 to diabetic skin wound promoted sustained skin wound healing, whereas sh-H19 exosomes did not have this effect. In conclusion, Exosomes overexpressing H19 promoted HaCaT proliferation, migration and suppressed pyroptosis both in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, HFMSC-derived exosomes that overexpress H19 may be included in strategies for healing diabetic skin wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Yang
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130031, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Public Health, Beihua University, Jilin 132033, China
| | - Zhenwu Du
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130031, China
| | - Tengfei Wu
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Chun Yang
- College of Basic Medicine, Beihua University, Jilin 132033, China
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25
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Altamimi E, Rabab'h O, Aburizeg D, Akasheh L, Dardas Z, Srour L, Awad H, Azab B. Investigating the genetic profile of familial atypical cystic fibrosis patients (DeltaF508-CFTR) with neonatal biliary atresia. J Appl Genet 2023; 64:71-80. [PMID: 36205856 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-022-00729-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Biliary atresia (BA) is a progressive inflammatory process of the biliary tree resulting in biliary obstruction. No single known genetic or environmental factor has been established to cause BA. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a rare cause of neonatal cholestasis, and it has never been described in familial BA cases. Here, we investigate two siblings of first-degree consanguineous parents presenting with neonatal BA. Shortly after the Kasai operation, the proband developed severe respiratory symptoms attributable to a missed CF diagnosis. This was discovered after re-investigating the family history, which revealed a first-degree cousin with CF who did not manifest BA. Afterwards, we identified a pathogenic variant (DeltaF508) in CFTR in both BA-affected siblings along with their cousin. This intrigued us to study the molecular etiology behind the familial BA presentations, which exclusively contributed to BA-pathogenesis in BA-CF-affected siblings and not in their CF-only affected cousin. We applied a multistep approach to investigate the variant profile of both siblings' and their cousin's exomes. We curated the genes whose variants were shared by the BA-CF siblings but absent or heterozygous in their CF-only-affected cousin. Consequently, we identified three candidate genes (SNAPC4, UCK1, and ZHX2) besides CFTR. We propose that these genes act cumulatively or individually in inducing BA-pathogenesis-either by aggravating the biliary damage in the context of CF or increasing the susceptibility of BA as a separate CF-comorbidity. To our knowledge, this is the first report of DeltaF508 in CFTR with familial neonatal BA cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyad Altamimi
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, PO Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan.
| | - Omar Rabab'h
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics, University of Iowa, New York, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Dunia Aburizeg
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Lynn Akasheh
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Zain Dardas
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Luma Srour
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Heyam Awad
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Bilal Azab
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan. .,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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26
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Effect of Ethanol on Exosome Biogenesis: Possible Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020222. [PMID: 36830592 PMCID: PMC9953654 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Most eukaryotic cells, including hepatocytes, secrete exosomes into the extracellular space, which are vesicles facilitating horizontal cell-to-cell communication of molecular signals and physiological cues. The molecular cues for cellular functions are carried by exosomes via specific mRNAs, microRNAs, and proteins. Exosomes released by liver cells are a vital part of biomolecular communication in liver diseases. Importantly, exosomes play a critical role in mediating alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) and are potential biomarkers for ALD. Moreover, alcohol exposure itself promotes exosome biogenesis and release from the livers of humans and rodent models. However, the mechanisms by which alcohol promotes exosome biogenesis in hepatocytes are still unclear. Of note, alcohol exposure leads to liver injury by modulating various cellular processes, including autophagy, ER stress, oxidative stress, and epigenetics. Evidence suggests that there is a link between each of these processes with exosome biogenesis. The aim of this review article is to discuss the interplay between ethanol exposure and these altered cellular processes in promoting hepatocyte exosome biogenesis and release. Based on the available literature, we summarize and discuss the potential mechanisms by which ethanol induces exosome release from hepatocytes, which in turn leads to the progression of ALD.
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27
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Macrophage-derived exosomal lncRNA MSTRG.91634.7 inhibits fibroblasts activation by targeting PINK1 in silica-induced lung fibrosis. Toxicol Lett 2023; 372:36-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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28
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Zhou X, Liu Q, Wang X, Yao X, Zhang B, Wu J, Sun C. Exosomal ncRNAs facilitate interactive 'dialogue' between tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages. Cancer Lett 2023; 552:215975. [PMID: 36306940 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
As a biological carrier, exosomes participate in the communication between various kinds of cells, and can mediate the interactive 'dialogue' between tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). TAMs are the most abundant cell population in the tumor stroma and are an important part of the tumor immune microenvironment. Various stimulating factors in the tumor microenvironment influence the polarization of TAMs into multiple phenotypes, such as M1 and M2. It plays a dual role in tumor immunity by both promoting and inhibiting tumor growth. Exosome-encapsulated non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) participate in the interactive 'dialogue' between exosome-mediated TAMs and tumor cells. Tumor-derived exosomal ncRNAs can promote macrophage polarization, whereas exosomal ncRNAs derived from TAMs can affect tumor proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, and chemotherapy resistance. The present review summarizes the dual effects of exosomal ncRNAs on tumor cells and TAMs, and discusses the application of exosomal ncRNAs as a potential diagnostic or prognostic marker and drug delivery system, to provide a new perspective and potential therapeutic drugs on targeting exosomes and macrophages in the treatment of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintong Zhou
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Qi Liu
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Department of Special Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Baogang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Jibiao Wu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Changgang Sun
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang, China; College of Chinese Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
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29
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Wen Z, He K, Zhan M, Li Y, Liu F, He X, Wei Y, Zhao W, Zhang Y, Xue Y, Xia Y, Wang F, Xia Z, Xin Y, Wu Y, Duan X, Xiao J, Shen F, Feng Y, Xiang G, Lu L. Distinct binding pattern of EZH2 and JARID2 on RNAs and DNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma development. Front Oncol 2022; 12:904633. [PMID: 36578923 PMCID: PMC9792092 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.904633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most malignant cancers worldwide, with high mortality. However, the molecular regulatory mechanisms of liver cancer, especially transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms, should be further studied. Here we used chromatin and cross-linking immunoprecipitation with high throughput sequencing methods (ChIP-seq and CLIP-seq) to capture the global binding profiles on RNAs and DNAs of Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) and its partner Jumonji And AT-Rich Interaction Domain Containing 2 (JARID2) in liver carcinoma cell lines (HepG2) and normal liver cell line (THLE-2), respectively. We also integrated HCC transcriptome data from the TCGA to analyze the expression pattern of bound genes. We found that EZH2 and JARID2 both showed distinct binding profiles between HepG2 and THLE-2 cells. By binding to the primary RNAs, bound transcripts of EZH2 and JARID2 in HepG2 showed significantly increased transcriptional levels in HCC patients. By performing gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), the bound transcripts were also highly related to HCC development. We also found EZH2 and JARID2 could specifically bind to several long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), including H19. By exploring the DNA binding profile, we detected a dramatically repressed DNA binding ability of EZH2 in HepG2 cells. We also found that the EZH2-bound genes showed slightly increased transcriptional levels in HepG2 cells. Integrating analysis of the RNA and DNA binding profiles suggests EZH2 and JARID2 shift their binding ability from DNA to RNA in HepG2 cells to promote cancer development in HCC. Our study provided a comprehensive and distinct binding profile on RNAs and DNAs of EZH2 and JARID2 in liver cancer cell lines, suggesting their potential novel functional manners to promote HCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhili Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Infectious Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ke He
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meixiao Zhan
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yong Li
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu He
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yanli Wei
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Center for Genome Analysis, ABLife Inc., Wuhan, China
| | - Yaqiang Xue
- Center for Genome Analysis, ABLife Inc., Wuhan, China
- Laboratory of Human Health and Genome Regulation, ABLife Inc., Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Xia
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fenfen Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhenglin Xia
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongjie Xin
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yeye Wu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaopeng Duan
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Feng Shen
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuliang Feng
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Guoan Xiang
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ligong Lu
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
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30
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Exosomal microRNAs and Progression of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113501. [PMID: 36362287 PMCID: PMC9654542 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is becoming a public health problem worldwide. Steatosis as the simple form and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) as its progression form are commonly seen in liver biopsy specimens from patients with obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and the use of certain drugs. Patients with NASH and advanced fibrosis were associated with increased risks of liver-related complications, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the mechanisms regarding the progression from simple steatosis to NASH fibrosis remain incompletely understood. Because NASH-caused liver injury is a complex process and multiple cell types are involved, intercellular communication is likely mediated by extracellular vesicles. Exosomes are a type of small extracellular vesicles and contain various cellular molecules, including proteins, messenger RNAs (mRNAs), and microRNAs (miRNAs). MiRNAs are short, non-coding RNA species that are important post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression and may play an important role in the pathogenesis of NALFD/NASH. In this article, we review the articles about NASH and exosomal miRNAs published in the most recent English literature through PubMed search and discuss the most recent criteria for histological diagnosis, pathogenesis from steatosis to NASH, roles of exosomal miRNAs in NASH pathogenesis and progression, as well as their potential in future clinical diagnosis and treatment for patients with NASH.
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31
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Gao Q, Zhang C, Li J, Xu H, Guo X, Guo Q, Zhao C, Yao H, Jia Y, Zhu H. Melatonin Attenuates H 2O 2-Induced Oxidative Injury by Upregulating LncRNA NEAT1 in HT22 Hippocampal Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12891. [PMID: 36361683 PMCID: PMC9657978 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
More research is required to understand how melatonin protects neurons. The study aimed to find out if and how long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) contributes to melatonin's ability to defend the hippocampus from H2O2-induced oxidative injury. LncRNAs related to oxidative injury were predicted by bioinformatics methods. Mouse hippocampus-derived neuronal HT22 cells were treated with H2O2 with or without melatonin. Viability and apoptosis were detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 and Hoechst33258. RNA and protein levels were measured by quantitative real-time PCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence. Bioinformatics predicted that 38 lncRNAs were associated with oxidative injury in mouse neurons. LncRNA nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1) was related to H2O2-induced oxidative injury and up-regulated by melatonin in HT22 cells. The knockdown of NEAT1 exacerbated H2O2-induced oxidative injury, weakened the moderating effect of melatonin, and abolished the increasing effect of melatonin on the mRNA and protein level of Slc38a2. Taken together, melatonin attenuates H2O2-induced oxidative injury by upregulating lncRNA NEAT1, which is essential for melatonin stabilizing the mRNA and protein level of Slc38a2 for the survival of HT22 cells. The research may assist in the treatment of oxidative injury-induced hippocampal degeneration associated with aging using melatonin and its target lncRNA NEAT1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hui Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
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32
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Wang Y, Tai YL, Way G, Zeng J, Zhao D, Su L, Jiang X, Jackson KG, Wang X, Gurley EC, Liu J, Liu J, Chen W, Wang XY, Sanyal AJ, Hylemon PB, Zhou H. RNA binding protein HuR protects against NAFLD by suppressing long noncoding RNA H19 expression. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:172. [PMID: 36224648 PMCID: PMC9558407 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00910-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND NAFLD has become the most common chronic liver disease worldwide. Human antigen R (HuR), an RNA-binding protein, is an important post-transcriptional regulator. HuR has been reported as a key player in regulating lipid homeostasis in the liver and adipose tissues by using tissue-specific HuR knockout mice. However, the underlying mechanism by which hepatocyte-specific HuR regulates hepatic lipid metabolism under metabolic stress remains unclear and is the focus of this study. METHODS Hepatocyte-specific HuR deficient mice (HuRhKO) and age-/gender-matched control mice, as well as long-noncoding RNA H19 knockout mice (H19-/-), were fed a Western Diet plus sugar water (WDSW). Hepatic lipid accumulation, inflammation and fibrosis were examined by histology, RNA transcriptome analysis, qRT-PCR, and Western blot analysis. Bile acid composition was measured using LC-MS/MS. RESULTS Hepatocyte-specific deletion of HuR not only significantly increased hepatic lipid accumulation by modulating fatty acid synthesis and metabolism but also markedly induced inflammation by increasing immune cell infiltration and neutrophil activation under metabolic stress. In addition, hepatic deficiency of HuR disrupted bile acid homeostasis and enhanced liver fibrosis. Mechanistically, HuR is a repressor of H19 expression. Analysis of a recently published dataset (GSE143358) identified H19 as the top-upregulated gene in liver-specific HuR knockout mice. Similarly, hepatocyte-specific deficiency of HuR dramatically induced the expression of H19 and sphingosine-1 phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2), but reduced the expression of sphingosine kinase 2 (SphK2). WDSW-induced hepatic lipid accumulation was alleviated in H19-/- mice. Furthermore, the downregulation of H19 alleviated WDSW-induced NAFLD in HuRhKO mice. CONCLUSIONS HuR not only functions as an RNA binding protein to modulate post-transcriptional gene expression but also regulates H19 promoter activity. Hepatic HuR is an important regulator of hepatic lipid metabolism via modulating H19 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Wang
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, 1220 East Broad Street, MMRB-5044, Richmond, VA 23298-0678 USA
- McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yun-Ling Tai
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, 1220 East Broad Street, MMRB-5044, Richmond, VA 23298-0678 USA
| | - Grayson Way
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, 1220 East Broad Street, MMRB-5044, Richmond, VA 23298-0678 USA
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298 USA
| | - Jing Zeng
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, 1220 East Broad Street, MMRB-5044, Richmond, VA 23298-0678 USA
| | - Derrick Zhao
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, 1220 East Broad Street, MMRB-5044, Richmond, VA 23298-0678 USA
- McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA
| | - Lianyong Su
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, 1220 East Broad Street, MMRB-5044, Richmond, VA 23298-0678 USA
- McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA
| | - Xixian Jiang
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, 1220 East Broad Street, MMRB-5044, Richmond, VA 23298-0678 USA
- McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA
| | - Kaitlyn G. Jackson
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, 1220 East Broad Street, MMRB-5044, Richmond, VA 23298-0678 USA
- McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, 1220 East Broad Street, MMRB-5044, Richmond, VA 23298-0678 USA
- McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA
| | - Emily C. Gurley
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, 1220 East Broad Street, MMRB-5044, Richmond, VA 23298-0678 USA
- McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA
| | - Jinze Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA
| | - Jinpeng Liu
- Department of Computer Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA
| | - Weidong Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Wang
- McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA USA
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA USA
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA USA
| | - Arun J. Sanyal
- Department of Internal Medicine/GI Division, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA USA
| | - Phillip B. Hylemon
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, 1220 East Broad Street, MMRB-5044, Richmond, VA 23298-0678 USA
- McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA
| | - Huiping Zhou
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, 1220 East Broad Street, MMRB-5044, Richmond, VA 23298-0678 USA
- McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA
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Liu G, Yin XM. The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Liver Pathogenesis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2022; 192:1358-1367. [PMID: 35752228 PMCID: PMC9552020 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are generated by cells in the form of exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies. They can be taken up by neighboring cells, and their contents can have functional impact on the cells that engulf them. As the mediators of intercellular communication, EVs can play important roles in both physiological and pathologic contexts. In addition, early detection of EVs in different body fluids may offer a sensitive diagnostic tool for certain diseases, such as cancer. Furthermore, targeting specific EVs may also become a promising therapeutic approach. This review summarizes the latest findings of EVs in the field of liver research, with a focus on the different contents of the EVs and their impact on liver function and on the development of inflammation, fibrosis, and tumor in the liver. The goal of this review is to provide a succinct account of the various molecules that can mediate the function of EVs so the readers may apply this knowledge to their own research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Xiao-Ming Yin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana.
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Xie D, Qian B, Li X. Nucleic acids and proteins carried by exosomes from various sources: Potential role in liver diseases. Front Physiol 2022; 13:957036. [PMID: 36213232 PMCID: PMC9538374 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.957036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular membrane-encapsulated vesicles that are released into the extracellular space or biological fluids by many cell types through exocytosis. As a newly identified form of intercellular signal communication, exosomes mediate various pathological and physiological processes by exchanging various active substances between cells. The incidence and mortality of liver diseases is increasing worldwide. Therefore, we reviewed recent studies evaluating the role of exosomes from various sources in the diagnosis and treatment of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danna Xie
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Baolin Qian
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xun Li
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Treatment, School of Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Provincial Institute of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xun Li,
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Integrating systematic pharmacology-based strategy and experimental validation to explore mechanism of Tripterygium glycoside on cholangiocyte-related liver injury. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2022; 14:563-575. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Zhang Y, Jiao Z, Chen M, Shen B, Shuai Z. Roles of Non-Coding RNAs in Primary Biliary Cholangitis. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:915993. [PMID: 35874606 PMCID: PMC9305664 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.915993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is an autoimmune-mediated chronic cholestatic liver disease, fatigue, and skin itching are the most common clinical symptoms. Its main pathological feature is the progressive damage and destruction of bile duct epithelial cells. Non-coding RNA (NcRNA, mainly including microRNA, long non-coding RNA and circular RNA) plays a role in the pathological and biological processes of various diseases, especially autoimmune diseases. Many validated ncRNAs are expected to be biomarkers for the diagnosis or treatment of PBC. This review will elucidate the pathogenesis of PBC and help to identify potential ncRNA biomarkers for PBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ziying Jiao
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Mingwei Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Bing Shen
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zongwen Shuai
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Zongwen Shuai,
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Wu J, Zhou F, Fan G, Liu J, Wang Y, Xue X, Lyu X, Lin S, Li X. Ferulic acid ameliorates acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury by promoting AMPK-mediated protective autophagy. IUBMB Life 2022; 74:880-895. [PMID: 35514074 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP), one of the most widely used antipyretics and analgesics, principally results in acute liver injury (ALI) in developed countries when taken overdose. Ferulic acid (FA) is a natural polyphenol compound existing in many plants that has free radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory and liver-protective properties. However, the effect and underlying mechanism of FA in treating APAP-induced ALI have not been fully elucidated. Herein, we established a mouse model of APAP-induced ALI and used APAP-stimulated mouse primary hepatocytes for biochemical assessment of molecular parameters. After constructing networks and obtaining predicted targets from public databases, we further verified the putative pathways using immune-blotting assays both in vivo and in vitro. The reign of liver necrosis, serum levels of ALT and AST and oxidative stress in livers significantly elevated after APAP treatment, which were almost recovered back to normal levels by FA administration. In addition, FA significantly upregulated the APAP-induced downregulation of hepatic specific markers, including HNF4a, Foxa2 and ALB. Then, the results of functional enrichment indicated the possible signaling pathways of FA against APAP challenge, mainly including AMPK, autophagy, apoptosis and other metabolic process. Furthermore, FA markedly reversed the APAP-induced decline of mitochondria membrane potential, increased ratio of BAX/BCL2 and CASPASE 3 expression, and promoted autophagy flux of hepatocytes by upregulating AMPK phosphorylation, which were abrogated by a specific AMPK inhibitor, compound C. Overall, the hepatoprotective effect of FA on APAP-induced ALI might be associated with anti-oxidant and anti-apoptosis, which were at least partly attributed to AMPK-mediated protective autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhi Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guifang Fan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyong Xue
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangjun Lyu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dong zhi men Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojiaoyang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Pathological Contribution of Extracellular Vesicles and Their MicroRNAs to Progression of Chronic Liver Disease. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11050637. [PMID: 35625364 PMCID: PMC9137620 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-enclosed vesicles secreted from most types of cells. EVs encapsulate many diverse bioactive cargoes, such as proteins and nucleic acid, of parental cells and delivers them to recipient cells. Upon injury, the contents altered by cellular stress are delivered into target cells and affect their physiological properties, spreading the disease microenvironment to exacerbate disease progression. Therefore, EVs are emerging as good resources for studying the pathophysiological mechanisms of diseases because they reflect the characteristics of donor cells and play a central role in intercellular communication. Chronic liver disease affects millions of people worldwide and has a high mortality rate. In chronic liver disease, the production and secretion of EVs are significantly elevated, and increased and altered cargoes are packed into EVs, enhancing inflammation, fibrosis, and angiogenesis. Herein, we review EVs released under specific chronic liver disease and explain how EVs are involved in intercellular communication to aggravate liver disease. Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound endogenous nanoparticles released by the majority of cells into the extracellular space. Because EVs carry various cargo (protein, lipid, and nucleic acids), they transfer bioinformation that reflects the state of donor cells to recipient cells both in healthy and pathologic conditions, such as liver disease. Chronic liver disease (CLD) affects numerous people worldwide and has a high mortality rate. EVs released from damaged hepatic cells are involved in CLD progression by impacting intercellular communication between EV-producing and EV-receiving cells, thereby inducing a disease-favorable microenvironment. In patients with CLD, as well as in the animal models of CLD, the levels of released EVs are elevated. Furthermore, these EVs contain high levels of factors that accelerate disease progression. Therefore, it is important to understand the diverse roles of EVs and their cargoes to treat CLD. Herein, we briefly explain the biogenesis and types of EVs and summarize current findings presenting the role of EVs in the pathogenesis of CLD. As the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) within EVs in liver disease is well documented, the effects of miRNAs detected in EVs on CLD are reviewed. In addition, we discuss the therapeutic potential of EVs to treat CLD.
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Newman LA, Muller K, Rowland A. Circulating cell-specific extracellular vesicles as biomarkers for the diagnosis and monitoring of chronic liver diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:232. [PMID: 35397694 PMCID: PMC8995281 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04256-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AbstractChronic liver diseases represent a burgeoning health problem affecting billions of people worldwide. The insufficient performance of current minimally invasive tools is recognised as a significant barrier to the clinical management of these conditions. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a rich source of circulating biomarkers closely linked to pathological processes in originating tissues. Here, we summarise the contribution of EVs to normal liver function and to chronic liver pathologies; and explore the use of circulating EV biomarkers, with a particular focus on techniques to isolate and analyse cell- or tissue-specific EVs. Such approaches present a novel strategy to inform disease status and monitor changes in response to treatment in a minimally invasive manner. Emerging technologies that support the selective isolation and analysis of circulating EVs derived only from hepatic cells, have driven recent advancements in EV-based biomarker platforms for chronic liver diseases and show promise to bring these techniques to clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Newman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Kate Muller
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Andrew Rowland
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
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Navarro-Corcuera A, Sehrawat TS, Jalan-Sakrikar N, Gibbons HR, Pirius NE, Khanal S, Hamdan FH, Aseem SO, Cao S, Banales JM, Kang N, Faubion WA, LaRusso NF, Shah VH, Huebert RC. Long non-coding RNA ACTA2-AS1 promotes ductular reaction by interacting with the p300/ELK1 complex. J Hepatol 2022; 76:921-933. [PMID: 34953958 PMCID: PMC8934273 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Biliary disease is associated with a proliferative/fibrogenic ductular reaction (DR). p300 is an epigenetic regulator that acetylates lysine 27 on histone 3 (H3K27ac) and is activated during fibrosis. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are aberrantly expressed in cholangiopathies, but little is known about how they recruit epigenetic complexes and regulate DR. We investigated epigenetic complexes, including transcription factors (TFs) and lncRNAs, contributing to p300-mediated transcription during fibrosis. METHODS We evaluated p300 in vivo using tamoxifen-inducible, cholangiocyte-selective, p300 knockout (KO) coupled with bile duct ligation (BDL) and Mdr KO mice treated with SGC-CBP30. Primary cholangiocytes and liver tissue were analyzed for expression of Acta2-as1 lncRNA by qPCR and RNA in situ hybridization. In vitro, we performed RNA-sequencing in human cholangiocytes with a p300 inhibitor. Cholangiocytes were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as an injury model. We confirmed formation of a p300/ELK1 complex by immunoprecipitation (IP). RNA IP was used to examine interactions between ACTA2-AS1 and p300. Chromatin IP assays were used to evaluate p300/ELK1 occupancy and p300-mediated H3K27ac. Organoids were generated from ACTA2-AS1-depleted cholangiocytes. RESULTS BDL-induced DR and fibrosis were reduced in Krt19-CreERT/p300fl/fl mice. Similarly, Mdr KO mice were protected from DR and fibrosis after SGC-CBP30 treatment. In vitro, depletion of ACTA2-AS1 reduced expression of proliferative/fibrogenic markers, reduced LPS-induced cholangiocyte proliferation, and impaired organoid formation. ACTA2-AS1 regulated transcription by facilitating p300/ELK1 binding to the PDGFB promoter after LPS exposure. Correspondingly, LPS-induced H3K27ac was mediated by p300/ELK1 and was reduced in ACTA2-AS1-depleted cholangiocytes. CONCLUSION Cholangiocyte-selective p300 KO or p300 inhibition attenuate DR/fibrosis in mice. ACTA2-AS1 influences recruitment of p300/ELK1 to specific promoters to drive H3K27ac and epigenetic activation of proliferative/fibrogenic genes. This suggests that cooperation between epigenetic co-activators and lncRNAs facilitates DR/fibrosis in biliary diseases. LAY SUMMARY We identified a three-part complex containing an RNA molecule, a transcription factor, and an epigenetic enzyme. The complex is active in injured bile duct cells and contributes to activation of genes involved in proliferation and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaia Navarro-Corcuera
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States; Gastroenterology Research Unit; Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Tejasav S Sehrawat
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States; Gastroenterology Research Unit; Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Nidhi Jalan-Sakrikar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States; Gastroenterology Research Unit; Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Hunter R Gibbons
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States; Gastroenterology Research Unit; Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Nicholas E Pirius
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Shalil Khanal
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States; Gastroenterology Research Unit; Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Feda H Hamdan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States; Gastroenterology Research Unit; Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Sayed Obaidullah Aseem
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States; Gastroenterology Research Unit; Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Sheng Cao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States; Gastroenterology Research Unit; Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Jesus M Banales
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, CIBERehd, Ikerbasque, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Ningling Kang
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, United States
| | - William A Faubion
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States; Gastroenterology Research Unit; Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Nicholas F LaRusso
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Vijay H Shah
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States; Gastroenterology Research Unit; Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Robert C Huebert
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States; Gastroenterology Research Unit; Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, United States.
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N V Lakshmi Kavya A, Subramanian S, Ramakrishna S. Therapeutic applications of exosomes in various diseases: A review. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 134:112579. [PMID: 35525729 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes (30-150 nm in diameter) a subset of extracellular vesicles, secreted by mostly all cells, have been gaining enormous recognition from the last decade. In recent times, several studies have included exosomes to design novel therapeutic applications along with their contribution to diagnostic evaluations and pathophysiological processes. Based on cell origin, they show diverse functions and characteristics. This article is classified into several sections that include exosomes biogenesis, isolation methods, and application as therapeutic tools, commercialized exosome products, clinical trials, benefits, and challenges faced in the progress of exosome-dependent therapeutics. This work aims to give a thorough review of the numerous studies where exosomes act as therapeutic tools in the treatment of various disorders including heart, kidney, liver, and lung illnesses. The clinical trials involving exosomes, their advantages, and hazards, and difficulties involved during storage and large-scale production, applications of nanotechnology in exosome research while applying for therapeutic applications, and future directions are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sundarrajan Subramanian
- Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology Lab, Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Blk E3 05-12, 2 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117581, Singapore.
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology Lab, Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Blk E3 05-12, 2 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117581, Singapore.
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Ding WX, Wang H, Zhang Y. Recent insights into the pathogeneses and therapeutic targets of liver diseases: Summary of the 4th Chinese American Liver Society/Society of Chinese Bioscientists in America Hepatology Division Symposium in 2021. LIVER RESEARCH 2022; 6:50-57. [PMID: 35747395 PMCID: PMC9216220 DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The 4th Chinese American Liver Society (CALS)/Society of Chinese Bioscientists in America (SCBA) Hepatology Division Annual Symposium was held virtually on October 29-30, 2021. The goal of the CALS Symposium was to present and discuss the recent research data on the pathogeneses and therapeutic targets of liver diseases among the CALS members, trainees and invited speakers. Here we briefly introduce the history of the CALS/SCBA Hepatology Division and highlight the presentations that focus on the current progresses on basic and translational research in liver metabolism, bile acid biology, alcohol-related liver disease, drug-induced liver injury, cholestatic liver injury, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xing Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA,Corresponding author. Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA. (W.-X. Ding)
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yuxia Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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Xiong Y, Wu L, Shao L, Wang Y, Huang Z, Huang X, Li C, Wu A, Liu Z, Fan X, Zhou P. Dynamic Alterations of the Gut Microbial Pyrimidine and Purine Metabolism in the Development of Liver Cirrhosis. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 8:811399. [PMID: 35155569 PMCID: PMC8832137 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.811399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Liver cirrhosis is the common end-stage of liver disease which lacks effective treatment, thus studies to determine prevention targets are an urgent need. The intestinal microbiota (IM) play important roles in modulating liver diseases which are mediated by microbial metabolites. Despite decades of growing microbial studies, whether IM contribute to the development of cirrhosis and the intimate metabolic link remain obscure. Here, we aimed to reveal the dynamic alterations of microbial composition and metabolic signatures in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver cirrhosis mice. Methods: CCl4-treated mice or normal control (NC) were sacrificed (n = 10 per group) after 5 and 15 weeks of intervention. The disease severity was confirmed by Masson’s trichrome or Sirius red staining. Metagenomics sequencing and fecal untargeted metabolomics were performed to evaluate the composition and metabolic function of IM in parallel with the development of cirrhosis. Results: The CCl4-treated mice presented liver fibrosis at 5 weeks and liver cirrhosis at 15 weeks indicated by collagen deposition and pseudo-lobule formation, respectively. Mice with liver cirrhosis showed distinct microbial composition from NC, even in the earlier fibrosis stage. Importantly, both of the liver fibrosis and cirrhosis mice were characterized with the depletion of Deltaproteobacteria (p < 0.05) and enrichment of Akkermansia (p < 0.05). Furthermore, fecal metabolomics revealed distinguished metabolomics profiles of mice with liver fibrosis and cirrhosis from the NC. Notably, pathway enrichment analysis pointed to remarkable disturbance of purine (p < 0.001 at 5 weeks, p = 0.034 at 15 weeks) and pyrimidine metabolic pathways (p = 0.005 at 5 weeks, p = 0.006 at 15 weeks) during the development of liver cirrhosis. Interestingly, the disorders of pyrimidine and purine metabolites like the known microbial metabolites thymidine and 2′-deoxyuridine had already occurred in liver fibrosis and continued in cirrhosis. Conclusion: These novel findings indicated the crucial role of IM-modulated pyrimidine and purine metabolites in the development of liver cirrhosis, which provides microbial targets for disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Xiong
- The Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Wu
- The Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Shao
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Wang
- The Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zebing Huang
- The Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xun Huang
- Infection Control Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chunhui Li
- Infection Control Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Anhua Wu
- Infection Control Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuegong Fan
- The Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Xuegong Fan, ; Pengcheng Zhou,
| | - Pengcheng Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Infection Control Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Xuegong Fan, ; Pengcheng Zhou,
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Li Y, Wu J, Liu R, Zhang Y, Li X. Extracellular vesicles: catching the light of intercellular communication in fibrotic liver diseases. Theranostics 2022; 12:6955-6971. [PMID: 36276639 PMCID: PMC9576620 DOI: 10.7150/thno.77256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of fibrotic liver diseases resulting from different etiologies has become a major global problem for public health. Fibrotic liver diseases represent a redundant accumulation of extracellular matrix, dysregulation of immune homeostasis and angiogenesis, which eventually contribute to the progression of cirrhosis and liver malignancies. The concerted actions among liver cells including hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells, kupffer cells, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and other immune cells are essential for the outcome of liver fibrosis. Recently, a growing body of literature has highlighted that extracellular vesicles (EVs) are critical mediators of intercellular communication among different liver cells either in local or distant microenvironments, coordinating a variety of systemic pathological and physiological processes. Despite the increasing interests in this field, there are still relatively few studies to classify the contents and functions of EVs in intercellular transmission during hepatic fibrogenesis. This review aims to summarize the latest findings with regards to the cargo loading, release, and uptake of EVs in different liver cells and clarify the significant roles of EVs played in fibrotic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Li
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jianzhi Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Runping Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yinhao Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xiaojiaoyang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
- ✉ Corresponding author: Xiaojiaoyang Li, Ph.D., School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China. E-mail:
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Wang Z, Yang X, Gui S, Yang F, Cao Z, Cheng R, Xia X, Li C. The Roles and Mechanisms of lncRNAs in Liver Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:779606. [PMID: 34899344 PMCID: PMC8652206 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.779606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can potentially regulate all aspects of cellular activity including differentiation and development, metabolism, proliferation, apoptosis, and activation, and benefited from advances in transcriptomic and genomic research techniques and database management technologies, its functions and mechanisms in physiological and pathological states have been widely reported. Liver fibrosis is typically characterized by a reversible wound healing response, often accompanied by an excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix. In recent years, a range of lncRNAs have been investigated and found to be involved in several cellular-level regulatory processes as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) that play an important role in the development of liver fibrosis. A variety of lncRNAs have also been shown to contribute to the altered cell cycle, proliferation profile associated with the accelerated development of liver fibrosis. This review aims to discuss the functions and mechanisms of lncRNAs in the development and regression of liver fibrosis, to explore the major lncRNAs involved in the signaling pathways regulating liver fibrosis, to elucidate the mechanisms mediated by lncRNA dysregulation and to provide new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifa Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoke Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Siyu Gui
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fan Yang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhuo Cao
- The First Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Rong Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaowei Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Chuanying Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Hefei, China
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Integrative analysis of long non-coding RNAs and mRNAs associated with tumorigenesis of salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 133:105303. [PMID: 34775268 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study investigated long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and mRNA profiles of the human salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma (SGPA). DESIGN Microarray analysis was used to study the expression of lncRNAs and mRNAs and the differentially expressed lncRNAs in human SGPA (all from parotid gland) were identified. The differentially expressed lncRNAs were subjected to qRT-PCR to verify and quantify their expression and a lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network was constructed. The lncRNAs correlated to pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1), a known key transcription factor, were identified and analyzed. RESULTS In the present study, 17,382 lncRNAs and 8132 mRNAs were found to be significantly differentially expressed in SGPA (fold change > 2, P < 0.05). The expression of three lncRNAs (NR_110874, NR_110875 and T087085) was significantly altered in SGPA compared to the corresponding healthy tissues, and it was confirmed using the lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network analysis that several lncRNAs interact with 5 key regulators (PLAG1, CTNNB1, CCND1, IGF2, and TP53). Furthermore, T042819 was significantly upregulated in SGPA, which may upregulate PLAG1 by sponging has-miR195-5p. CONCLUSION These data suggested that the differently expressed lncRNAs may contribute to the tumorigenesis of SGPA, and analyzing the differences in the lncRNA expression profiles may provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of SGPA.
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Loss of exosomal LncRNA HCG15 prevents acute myocardial ischemic injury through the NF-κB/p65 and p38 pathways. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:1007. [PMID: 34707098 PMCID: PMC8551195 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04281-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are nanosized bilayer membrane vesicles that may mediate intercellular communication by transporting bioactive molecules, including noncoding RNAs, mRNAs, and proteins. Research has shown that exosomes play an important role in acute myocardial infarction (AMI), but the function and regulation of exosomal long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in AMI are unclear. Thus, RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) was conducted to investigate the exosomal lncRNA transcriptome from MI patients and identified 65 differentially expressed lncRNAs between the MI and control groups. HCG15, one of the differentially expressed lncRNAs, was verified to have the highest correlation with cTnT by qRT-PCR, and it also contributed to the diagnosis of AMI by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Upregulation of HCG15 expression facilitated cardiomyocyte apoptosis and inflammatory cytokine production and inhibited cell proliferation. We also confirmed that HCG15 was mainly wrapped in exosomes from AC16 cardiomyocytes under hypoxia, which contributed to cardiomyocyte apoptosis, the release of inflammatory factors, and inhibition of cell proliferation via the activation of the NF-κB/p65 and p38 pathways, whereas suppressing the expression of HCG15exerted opposite effects, In addition, Overexpression of HCG15 aggravated cardiac IR injury in C57BL/6J mice. This study not only helps elucidate exosomal lncRNA function in AMI pathogenesis but also contributes to the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Zhuo Z, Wang J, Luo Y, Zeng R, Zhang C, Zhou W, Guo K, Wu H, Sha W, Chen H. Targeted extracellular vesicle delivery systems employing superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. Acta Biomater 2021; 134:13-31. [PMID: 34284151 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, the study of extracellular vesicles (EVs), especially exosomes (50-150 nm) have attracted growing interest in numerous areas of cancer and tissue regeneration due to their unique biological features. A low isolation yield and insufficient targeting abilities limit their therapeutic applicability. Recently, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) with magnetic navigation have been exploited to enhance the targeting ability of EVs. To construct targeted EV delivery systems engineered by SPIONs, several groups have pioneered the use of different techniques, such as electroporation, natural incubation, and cell extrusion, to directly internalize SPIONs into EVs. Furthermore, some endogenous ligands, such as transferrins, antibodies, aptamers, and streptavidin, were shown to enable modification of SPIONs, which increases binding with EVs. In this review, we summarized recent advances in targeted EV delivery systems engineered by SPIONs and focused on the key methodological approaches and the current applications of magnetic EVs. This report aims to address the existing challenges and provide comprehensive insights into targeted EV delivery systems. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Targeted extracellular vesicle (EV) delivery systems engineered by superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have attracted wide attention and research interest in recent years. Such strategies employ external magnet fields to manipulate SPION-functionalized EVs remotely, aiming to enhance their accumulation and penetration in vivo. Although iron oxide nanoparticle laden EVs are interesting, they are controversial at present, hampering the progress in their clinical application. A thorough integration of these studies is needed for an advanced insight and rational design of targeted EV delivery systems. In this review, we summarize the latest advances in the design strategies of targeted EV delivery systems engineered by SPIONs with a focus on their key methodological approaches, current applications, limitation and future perspectives, which may facilitate the development of natural theranostic nanoplatforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zewei Zhuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China; School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jinghua Wang
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yujun Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China; Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Ruijie Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China; Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Weijie Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Kehang Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Huihuan Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Weihong Sha
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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Wu J, Xue X, Fan G, Gu Y, Zhou F, Zheng Q, Liu R, Li Y, Ma B, Li S, Huang G, Ma L, Li X. Ferulic Acid Ameliorates Hepatic Inflammation and Fibrotic Liver Injury by Inhibiting PTP1B Activity and Subsequent Promoting AMPK Phosphorylation. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:754976. [PMID: 34566665 PMCID: PMC8455917 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.754976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation in response to persistent exogenous stimuli or damage results in liver fibrosis, which subsequently progresses into malignant liver diseases with high morbidity and mortality. Ferulic acid (FA) is a phenolic acid widely isolated from abundant plants and exhibits multiple biological activities including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammation and enhancement of immune responses. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) functions as a critical energy sensor and is regulated through the phosphorylation of liver kinases like LKB1 or dephosphorylation by protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). However, the role of FA in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced chronic inflammation and liver fibrosis and AMPK activation has not been elucidated. Here we reported that FA ameliorated CCl4-induced inflammation and fibrotic liver damage in mice as indicated by reduced levels of serum liver function enzyme activities and decreased expression of genes and proteins associated with fibrogenesis. Additionally, FA inhibited hepatic oxidative stress, macrophage activation and HSC activation via AMPK phosphorylation in different liver cells. Mechanically, without the participation of LKB1, FA-induced anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects were abrogated by a specific AMPK inhibitor, compound C. Combining with the results of molecular docking, surface plasmon resonance and co-immunoprecipitation assays, we further demonstrated that FA directly bound to and inhibited PTP1B, an enzyme responsible for dephosphorylating key protein kinases, and eventually leading to the phosphorylation of AMPK. In summary, our results indicated that FA alleviated oxidative stress, hepatic inflammation and fibrotic response in livers through PTP1B-AMPK signaling pathways. Taken together, we provide novel insights into the potential of FA as a natural product-derived therapeutic agent for the treatment of fibrotic liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhi Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyong Xue
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guifang Fan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yiqing Gu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Zheng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Runping Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yajing Li
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Boning Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guangrui Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojiaoyang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Ezhilarasan D. Hepatic stellate cells in the injured liver: Perspectives beyond hepatic fibrosis. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:436-449. [PMID: 34514599 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, our understanding of the pathological role of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in fibrotic liver disease has increased dramatically. As HSCs are identified as the principal collagen-producing cells in the injured liver, several experimental and clinical studies have targeted HSCs to treat liver fibrosis. However, HSCs also play a critical role in developing nonfibrotic liver diseases such as cholestasis, portal hypertension, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Therefore, this review exclusively focuses on the role of activated HSCs beyond hepatic fibrosis. In cholestasis conditions, elevated bile salts and bile acids activate HSCs to secrete collagen and other extracellular matrix products, which cause biliary fibrosis and cholangitis. In the chronically injured liver, autocrine and paracrine signaling from liver sinusoidal endothelial cells activates HSCs to induce portal hypertension via endothelin-1 release. In the tumor microenvironment (TME), activated HSCs are the major source of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF). The crosstalk between activated HSC/CAF and tumor cells is associated with tumor cell proliferation, migration, metastasis, and chemoresistance. In TME, activated HSCs convert macrophages to tumor-associated macrophages and induce the differentiation of dendritic cells (DCs) and monocytes to regulatory DCs and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, respectively. This differentiation, in turn, increases T cells proliferation and induces their apoptosis leading to reduced immune surveillance in TME. Thus, HSCs activation in chronically injured liver is a critical process involved in the progression of cholestasis, portal hypertension, and liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devaraj Ezhilarasan
- Department of Pharmacology, The Blue Lab, Molecular Medicine and Toxicology Division, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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