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Augustyn E, Finke K, Zur AA, Hansen L, Heeren N, Chien HC, Lin L, Giacomini KM, Colas C, Schlessinger A, Thomas AA. LAT-1 activity of meta-substituted phenylalanine and tyrosine analogs. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:2616-2621. [PMID: 27106710 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The transporter protein Large-neutral Amino Acid Transporter 1 (LAT-1, SLC7A5) is responsible for transporting amino acids such as tyrosine and phenylalanine as well as thyroid hormones, and it has been exploited as a drug delivery mechanism. Recently its role in cancer has become increasingly appreciated, as it has been found to be up-regulated in many different tumor types, and its expression levels have been correlated with prognosis. Substitution at the meta position of aromatic amino acids has been reported to increase affinity for LAT-1; however, the SAR for this position has not previously been explored. Guided by newly refined computational models of the binding site, we hypothesized that groups capable of filling a hydrophobic pocket would increase binding to LAT-1, resulting in improved substrates relative to parent amino acid. Tyrosine and phenylalanine analogs substituted at the meta position with halogens, alkyl and aryl groups were synthesized and tested in cis-inhibition and trans-stimulation cell assays to determine activity. Contrary to our initial hypothesis we found that lipophilicity was correlated with diminished substrate activity and increased inhibition of the transporter. The synthesis and SAR of meta-substituted phenylalanine and tyrosine analogs is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Augustyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska Kearney, Kearney, NE, 68849
| | - Karissa Finke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska Kearney, Kearney, NE, 68849
| | - Arik A Zur
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Logan Hansen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska Kearney, Kearney, NE, 68849
| | - Nathan Heeren
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska Kearney, Kearney, NE, 68849
| | - Huan-Chieh Chien
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Lawrence Lin
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Kathleen M Giacomini
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Claire Colas
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Avner Schlessinger
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Allen A Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska Kearney, Kearney, NE, 68849
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YAJIMA HARUAKI, TAKEYAMA MASAHARU, KOYAMA KANAME, TOBE TAKAYOSHI, INOUE KAZUTOMO, KAWANO TAMOTSU, ADACHI HIDEKI. STUDIES ON PEPTIDES. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1980.tb02932.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Romovacek H, Drabarek S, Kawasaki K, Dowd SR, Obermeier R, Hofmann K. STUDIES ON POLYPEPTIDES. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1974.tb02404.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Strazzolini P, Scuccato M, Giumanini AG. Deprotection of t-Butyl Esters of Amino Acid Derivatives by Nitric Acid in Dichloromethane. Tetrahedron 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(00)00280-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Engebretsen M, Agner E, Sandosham J, Fischer PM. Unexpected lability of cysteine acetamidomethyl thiol protecting group. Tyrosine ring alkylation and disulfide bond formation upon acidolysis. THE JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE RESEARCH : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PEPTIDE SOCIETY 1997; 49:341-6. [PMID: 9176818 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1997.tb01135.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cleavage and deprotection of the peptidyl resin H-Asn-Gly-Gly-Cys (Acm)-Glu(OBu(t))-Gln-Tyr(Bu(t))-Cys(Acm)-Ser(Bu(t))-Asp( OBU(t))-[(p-alkoxy)benzyloxy polystyrene resin] using standard conditions with various trifluoroacetic acid-containing mixtures were found to result in partial removal of ordinarily acid-stable S-Acm groups. Thus, apart from the desired peptide H-Asn-Gly-Gly-Cys (Acm)-Glu-Gln-Tyr-Cys(Acm)-Ser-Asp-OH, a disulfide-cyclic peptide derivative was also isolated. Furthermore, it was found that in another major by-product of the peptide resin cleavage the tyrosine side chain had been alkylated with an Acm group in a position ortho to the phenolic function. The formation of both by-products could be suppressed by carrying out the cleavage/deprotection reaction at higher dilution and by inclusion of scavengers such as phenol. An authentic sample of the disulfide-cyclic peptide was obtained by oxidation of H-Asn-Gly-Gly-Cys-Glu-Gln-Tyr-Cys-Ser-Asp-OH using Ellman's reagent.
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7
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Narita M. Liquid Phase Peptide Synthesis by the Fragment Condensation on Soluble Polymer Support. II. The Azide Method. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1979. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.52.1229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Schnabel E, Klostermeyer H, Berndt H. Zur selektiven acidolytischen Abspaltbarkeit der tert.-Butyloxycarbonyl-Gruppe. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1971. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.19717490111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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11
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Schwyzer R, Kappeler H. Synthese eines Tetracosapeptides mit hoher corticotroper Wirksamkeit: ?1-24-Corticotropin. Helv Chim Acta 1963. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19630460510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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12
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Iselin B, Schwyzer R. Synthese von Peptid-Zwischenprodukten f�r den Aufbau des ?-Melanophoren-stimulierenden Hormons (?-MSH) des Rindes. I. Gesch�tzte Peptidsequenzen 1-6 und 1-7. Helv Chim Acta 1962. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19620450515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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