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Carrera-Aubesart A, Gallo M, Defaus S, Todorovski T, Andreu D. Topoisomeric Membrane-Active Peptides: A Review of the Last Two Decades. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2451. [PMID: 37896211 PMCID: PMC10610229 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, bioactive peptides have been gaining recognition in various biomedical areas, such as intracellular drug delivery (cell-penetrating peptides, CPPs) or anti-infective action (antimicrobial peptides, AMPs), closely associated to their distinct mode of interaction with biological membranes. Exploiting the interaction of membrane-active peptides with diverse targets (healthy, tumoral, bacterial or parasitic cell membranes) is opening encouraging prospects for peptides in therapeutics. However, ordinary peptides formed by L-amino acids are easily decomposed by proteases in biological fluids. One way to sidestep this limitation is to use topoisomers, namely versions of the peptide made up of D-amino acids in either canonic (enantio) or inverted (retroenantio) sequence. Rearranging peptide sequences in this fashion provides a certain degree of native structure mimicry that, in appropriate contexts, may deliver desirable biological activity while avoiding protease degradation. In this review, we will focus on recent accounts of membrane-active topoisomeric peptides with therapeutic applications as CPP drug delivery vectors, or as antimicrobial and anticancer candidates. We will also discuss the most common modes of interaction of these peptides with their membrane targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Carrera-Aubesart
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (A.C.-A.); (M.G.); (S.D.); (T.T.)
| | - Maria Gallo
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (A.C.-A.); (M.G.); (S.D.); (T.T.)
| | - Sira Defaus
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (A.C.-A.); (M.G.); (S.D.); (T.T.)
| | - Toni Todorovski
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (A.C.-A.); (M.G.); (S.D.); (T.T.)
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - David Andreu
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (A.C.-A.); (M.G.); (S.D.); (T.T.)
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2
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Weltrowska G, Nguyen TMD, Chung NN, Wilkes BC, Schiller PW. Equipotent enantiomers of cyclic opioid peptides at μ opioid receptor. Pept Sci (Hoboken) 2018; 111. [PMID: 30801053 DOI: 10.1002/pep2.24078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Head-to-tail cyclized analogues of the μ opioid receptor (MOR) agonist tetrapeptides DALDA (H-Tyr-D-Arg-Phe-Lys-NH2 and [Dmt1]DALDA (H-Dmt-D-Arg-Phe-Lys-NH2; Dmt = 2',6'-dimethyltyrosine) and their enantiomers (mirror-image isomers) were synthesized and pharmacologically characterized in vitro. Three pairs of enantiomeric cyclic peptides with both mirror-image isomers having equipotent MOR binding affinities but different binding affinities at the δ and κ opioid receptors were identified. The cyclic peptide enantiomers c[-D-Arg-Phe-Lys-Tyr-] (1) and c[-Arg-D-Phe-D-Lys-D-Tyr-] (2) showed nearly identical MOR binding affinity (1 - 2 nM) and equipotent MOR antagonist activity. The results of a MOR docking study indicated a very similar binding mode of the two enantiomers with nearly complete spatial overlap of the peptide ring structures and side chain interactions with the same MOR residues. Compounds 1 and 2 represent the first pair of enantiomeric G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) ligands having multiple chiral centers, with both optical antipodes showing equal, low nanomolar receptor binding affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazyna Weltrowska
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Peptide Research, Montreal Clinical Research Institute, 110 Pine Ave. West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H2W 1R7
| | - Thi M-D Nguyen
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Peptide Research, Montreal Clinical Research Institute, 110 Pine Ave. West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H2W 1R7
| | - Nga N Chung
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Peptide Research, Montreal Clinical Research Institute, 110 Pine Ave. West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H2W 1R7
| | - Brian C Wilkes
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Peptide Research, Montreal Clinical Research Institute, 110 Pine Ave. West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H2W 1R7
| | - Peter W Schiller
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Peptide Research, Montreal Clinical Research Institute, 110 Pine Ave. West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H2W 1R7.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3C 3J7
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3
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Weltrowska G, Nguyen TMD, Chung NN, Wood J, Ma X, Guo J, Wilkes BC, Ge Y, Laferrière A, Coderre TJ, Schiller PW. A Cyclic Tetrapeptide ("Cyclodal") and Its Mirror-Image Isomer Are Both High-Affinity μ Opioid Receptor Antagonists. J Med Chem 2016; 59:9243-9254. [PMID: 27676089 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Head-to-tail cyclization of the μ opioid receptor (MOR) agonist [Dmt1]DALDA (H-Dmt-d-Arg-Phe-Lys-NH2 (9; Dmt = 2',6'-dimethyltyrosine) resulted in a highly active, selective MOR antagonist, c[-d-Arg-Phe-Lys-Dmt-] (1) ("cyclodal"), with subnanomolar binding affinity. A docking study of cyclodal using the crystal structure of MOR in the inactive form showed a unique binding mode with the two basic residues of the ligand forming salt bridges with the Asp127 and Glu229 receptor residues. Cyclodal showed high plasma stability and was able to cross the blood-brain barrier to reverse morphine-induced, centrally mediated analgesia when given intravenously. Surprisingly, the mirror-image isomer (optical antipode) of cyclodal, c[-Arg-d-Phe-d-Lys-d-Dmt-] (2), also turned out to be a selective MOR antagonist with 1 nM binding affinity, and thus, these two compounds represent the first example of mirror image opioid receptor ligands with both optical antipodes having high binding affinity. Reduction of the Lys-Dmt peptide bond in cyclodal resulted in an analogue, c[-d-Arg-Phe-LysΨ[CH2NH]Dmt-] (8), with MOR agonist activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazyna Weltrowska
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Peptide Research, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal , 110 Pine Avenue des Pins Ouest, Montreal, Quebec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Thi M-D Nguyen
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Peptide Research, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal , 110 Pine Avenue des Pins Ouest, Montreal, Quebec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Nga N Chung
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Peptide Research, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal , 110 Pine Avenue des Pins Ouest, Montreal, Quebec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - JodiAnne Wood
- Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University , 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Xiaoyu Ma
- Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University , 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Jason Guo
- Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University , 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Brian C Wilkes
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Peptide Research, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal , 110 Pine Avenue des Pins Ouest, Montreal, Quebec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Yang Ge
- Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, McGill University , 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - André Laferrière
- Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, McGill University , 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Terence J Coderre
- Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, McGill University , 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Peter W Schiller
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Peptide Research, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal , 110 Pine Avenue des Pins Ouest, Montreal, Quebec H2W 1R7, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology, Université de Montréal , Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
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Nakagawa SH, Yang F, Kato T, Flouret G, Hechter O. Retro analogs related to oxytocin. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH 2009; 8:465-79. [PMID: 965155 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1976.tb02527.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
[D-alle3]-retro-D-deaminotocinamide (I), retro-L-deaminotocinamide (III) and their respective N-formyl derivatives (II and IV) were synthesized by the stepwise active ester method: deaminotocinamide was prepared by the solid-phase method. The retro-analogs of deaminotocinamide, tested at concentrations up to 10)-5)M, were found to be without activity as agonists or antagonists in the oxytocic assay. At 10(-4)M,[D-alle]-retro-D-deaminotocinamide is a weak competitive inhibitor of oxytocin. [D-alle3, Gly7]-retro-D-deaminooxytocin (V) was synthesized either by the active ester method or by a fragment condensation method employing the retro-D-RING, [D-alle3]-retro-D-deaminotocinamide, and D-tail, Boc-Gly-D-Leu-Gly, as the fragments...
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5
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Luo Z, Zhao X, Zhang S. Self-organization of a chiral D-EAK16 designer peptide into a 3D nanofiber scaffold. Macromol Biosci 2008; 8:785-91. [PMID: 18546148 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.200800003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembling peptide nanofiber scaffolds are an excellent material for applications such as tissue repair, tissue regeneration, instant stopping of bleeding, and slow drug release. We report a new self-assembling peptide D-EAK16 consisting purely of D-amino acids. D-EAK16 and L-EAK16 display mirror-image CD spectra at 20 degrees C. Like L-EAK16, D-EAK16 self-assembles into nanofibers, thus demonstrating that chiral self-assembling peptide nanofiber scaffolds can be made from both L- and D-amino acids. We also show that D-peptide nanofibers are resistant to natural proteases and may thus be useful in biotechnology, nanobiotechnology, tissue repair and tissue regeneration as well as other medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongli Luo
- West China Hospital, Laboratory for Nanobiomedical Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
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6
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Luo Z, Zhao X, Zhang S. Structural dynamic of a self-assembling peptide d-EAK16 made of only D-amino acids. PLoS One 2008; 3:e2364. [PMID: 18509542 PMCID: PMC2387071 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2007] [Accepted: 05/06/2008] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We here report systematic study of structural dynamics of a 16-residue self-assembling peptide d-EAK16 made of only D-amino acids. We compare these results with its chiral counterpart L-form, l-EAK16. Circular dichroism was used to follow the structural dynamics under various temperature and pH conditions. At 25 degrees C the d-EAK16 peptide displayed a typical beta-sheet spectrum. Upon increasing the temperature above 70 degrees C, there was a spectrum shift as the 218 nm valley widens toward 210 nm. Above 80 degrees C, the d-EAK16 peptide transformed into a typical alpha-helix CD spectrum without going through a detectable random-coil intermediate. When increasing the temperature from 4 degrees C to 110 degrees C then cooling back from 110 degrees C to 4 degrees C, there was a hysteresis: the secondary structure from beta-sheet to alpha-helix and then from alpha-helix to beta-sheet occurred. d-EAK16 formed an alpha-helical conformation at pH0.76 and pH12 but formed a beta-sheet at neutral pH. The effects of various pH conditions, ionic strength and denaturing agents were also noted. Since D-form peptides are resistant to natural enzyme degradation, such drastic structural changes may be exploited for fabricating molecular sensors to detect minute environmental changes. This provides insight into the behaviors of self-assembling peptides made of D-amino acids and points the way to designing new peptide materials for biomedical engineering and nanobiotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongli Luo
- West China Hospital, Laboratory for Nanobiomedical Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhao
- West China Hospital, Laboratory for Nanobiomedical Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuguang Zhang
- West China Hospital, Laboratory for Nanobiomedical Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- * E-mail:
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8
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Bland JM, De Lucca AJ, Jacks TJ, Vigo CB. All-D-cecropin B: synthesis, conformation, lipopolysaccharide binding, and antibacterial activity. Mol Cell Biochem 2001; 218:105-11. [PMID: 11330824 DOI: 10.1023/a:1007293816634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Cecropin B (LCB) is a natural peptide with antibacterial and antifungal properties. The enantiomer of LCB, containing all-D amino acids (DCB), was synthesized to examine its antibacterial and binding properties. The conformation of DCB was compared to its enantiomer by circular dichroism. Both the L- and D-peptides showed an identical induction of alpha-helical secondary structure. However, binding studies between Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and DCB or LCB were studied with a dimethylmethylene blue spectrophotometric assay, showing the two enantiomeric peptides differed in their interaction with LPS. Antibacterial activity of DCB was determined against three Gram-negative bacteria, Pantoea agglomerans (ATCC 27996), Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 17648), giving comparable results to LCB.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Bland
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, LA 70179, USA
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9
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Merrifield EL, Mitchell SA, Ubach J, Boman HG, Andreu D, Merrifield RB. D-enantiomers of 15-residue cecropin A-melittin hybrids. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH 1995; 46:214-20. [PMID: 8537174 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1995.tb00592.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The all-D enantiomers of six 15-residue hybrids of cecropin A and melittin were synthesized. They contained the seven N-terminal residues of cecropin A, followed by eight residues from the N-terminal region of melittin. They were pure and of the correct composition and structure. The peptides were compared with their all-L enantiomers. The L and D isomer pairs were each exact mirror images by circular dichroism at several concentrations of hexafluoroisopropanol, and at 12 or 20% were highly helical. The L analogs were rapidly hydrolyzed by trypsin but the D analogs were very resistant, making them suitable candidates for orally active drugs. These 15-mers did not form ion channels in normal lipid bilayers made in decane, but those bilayers made in squalene were thinner and the peptides did form ion-conducting channels. The D/L pairs of peptides were very active antibiotics against five representative Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. In each case the D and L isomers were essentially equally active within experimental error. This is interpreted to mean that the peptides do not act by tight interactions with chiral receptors, enzymes or lipids. The action of these peptides against these organisms is best explained by self-aggregation and the formation of ion-conducting pores across bacterial membranes.
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10
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Guptasarma P. Reversal of peptide backbone direction may result in the mirroring of protein structure. FEBS Lett 1992; 310:205-10. [PMID: 1397274 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(92)81333-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In linear polypeptides, inversion of amino acid chirality (all-L to all-D) achieves a mirroring of side chain positions and interactions in conformational space. A similar mirroring of side chain positions is independently achieved by a reversal of the direction of the peptide backbone (retro modification). Thus, while an all-D chain could be expected to adopt a perfect 'mirror image' of the three-dimensional structure of its parent all-L protein, the retro-all-L chain could be expected to adopt a topological equivalent of such a mirror image, through the symmetry transformations of side chain interactions. These notions, supported by sequence analyses, modelling studies, and evidence relating to the activity of 'retro-inverso' peptides, are extended towards the proposal, that the backbone reversed chain of a large globular protein might recognize the chiral opposite of the parent protein's substrate(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- P Guptasarma
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
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11
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Wade D, Boman A, Wåhlin B, Drain CM, Andreu D, Boman HG, Merrifield RB. All-D amino acid-containing channel-forming antibiotic peptides. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1990; 87:4761-5. [PMID: 1693777 PMCID: PMC54197 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.87.12.4761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 545] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The D enantiomers of three naturally occurring antibiotics--cecropin A, magainin 2 amide, and melittin--were synthesized. In addition, the D enantiomers of two synthetic chimeric cecropin-melittin hybrid peptides were prepared. Each D isomer was shown by circular dichroism to be a mirror image of the corresponding L isomer in several solvent mixtures. In 20% hexafluoro-2-propanol the peptides contained 43-75% alpha-helix. The all-D peptides were resistant to enzymatic degradation. The peptides produced single-channel conductances in planar lipid bilayers, and the D and L enantiomers caused equivalent amounts of electrical conductivity. All of the peptides were potent antibacterial agents against representative Gram-negative and Gram-positive species. The D and L enantiomers of each peptide pair were equally active, within experimental error. Sheep erythrocytes were lysed by both D- and L-melittin but not by either isomer of cecropin A, magainin 2 amide, or the hybrids cecropin A-(1-13)-melittin-(1-13)-NH2 or cecropin A-(1-8)-melittin-(1-18)-NH2. The infectivity of the bloodstream form of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum was also inhibited by the D and L hybrids. It is suggested that the mode of action of these peptides on the membranes of bacteria, erythrocytes, plasmodia, and artificial lipid bilayers may be similar and involves the formation of ion-channel pores spanning the membranes, but without specific interaction with chiral receptors or enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Wade
- Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021
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12
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Marshall GR, Vine W, Needlemann P. A specific competitive inhibitor of angiotensin II. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1970; 67:1624-30. [PMID: 4322025 PMCID: PMC283399 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.67.3.1624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A peptide analog, [4-phenylalanine, 8-tyrosine]-angiotensin II, was prepared by solid phase peptide synthesis and its structure confirmed. The compound was found to be a potent inhibitor of angiotensin II in vitro (isolated rat uterus strips) and in vivo (rat blood pressure). The analog was found to be highly specific and did not inhibit the action of a number of other peptides and spasmogenic compounds.
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13
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Ivanov VT, Laine IA, Ryabova ID, Ovchinnikov YA. Synthesis and some properties of topochemical analogs of valinomycin. Chem Nat Compd 1970. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00565352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Shemyakin MM, Ovchinnikov YA, Ivanov VT. Topochemische Untersuchungen an Peptidsystemen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1969. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19690811404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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15
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Shenyakin MM, Ovchinnikov YA, Ivanov VT, Evstratov AV. Topochemical approach in studies of the structure-activity relation: enantio-enniatin B. Nature 1967; 213:412-3. [PMID: 4961750 DOI: 10.1038/213412a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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16
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Vogler K, Lanz P. L- Tyrosinhydrazid als optisch aktive Base zur Spaltung vonDL-Prolin,DL-Alanin undDL-Isoleucin in die optischen Antipoden. Helv Chim Acta 1966. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19660490418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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17
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Vogler K, Lam P, Lergier W, Haefely W. Synthesen von Bradykinin-Analogen mit D-Arninosäuren (all-D-Bradykfnin und all-D-retro-Bradikinin. Helv Chim Acta 1966. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.660490144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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