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Song Y, Song Q, Liu W, Li J, Tu P. High-confidence structural identification of metabolites relying on tandem mass spectrometry through isomeric identification: A tutorial. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.116982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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2
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Horká P, Vrkoslav V, Kindl J, Schwarzová-Pecková K, Cvačka J. Structural Characterization of Unusual Fatty Acid Methyl Esters with Double and Triple Bonds Using HPLC/APCI-MS 2 with Acetonitrile In-Source Derivatization. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216468. [PMID: 34770878 PMCID: PMC8588306 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Double and triple bonds have significant effects on the biological activities of lipids. Determining multiple bond positions in their molecules by mass spectrometry usually requires chemical derivatization. This work presents an HPLC/MS method for pinpointing the double and triple bonds in fatty acids. Fatty acid methyl esters were separated by reversed-phase HPLC with an acetonitrile mobile phase. In the APCI source, acetonitrile formed reactive species, which added to double and triple bonds to form [M + C3H5N]+• ions. Their collisional activation in an ion trap provided fragments helpful in localizing the multiple bond positions. This approach was applied to fatty acids with isolated, cumulated, and conjugated double bonds and triple bonds. The fatty acids were isolated from the fat body of early-nesting bumblebee Bombus pratorum and seeds or seed oils of Punicum granatum, Marrubium vulgare, and Santalum album. Using the method, the presence of the known fatty acids was confirmed, and new ones were discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Horká
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Náměstí 542/2, 166 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (P.H.); (V.V.); (J.K.)
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic;
| | - Vladimír Vrkoslav
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Náměstí 542/2, 166 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (P.H.); (V.V.); (J.K.)
| | - Jiří Kindl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Náměstí 542/2, 166 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (P.H.); (V.V.); (J.K.)
| | - Karolina Schwarzová-Pecková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic;
| | - Josef Cvačka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Náměstí 542/2, 166 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (P.H.); (V.V.); (J.K.)
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-220-183-303
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3
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Schulze T, Weldon PJ, Schulz S. Scent gland constituents of the Middle American burrowing python, Loxocemus bicolor (Serpentes: Loxocemidae). Z NATURFORSCH C 2017; 72:265-275. [PMID: 28306545 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2017-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Analysis by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of the scent gland secretions of male and female Middle American burrowing pythons (Loxocemus bicolor) revealed the presence of over 300 components including cholesterol, fatty acids, glyceryl monoalkyl ethers, and alcohols. The fatty acids, over 100 of which were identified, constitute most of the compounds in the secretions and show the greatest structural diversity. They include saturated and unsaturated, unbranched and mono-, di-, and trimethyl-branched compounds ranging in carbon-chain length from 13 to 24. The glyceryl monoethers possess saturated or unsaturated, straight or methyl-branched alkyl chains ranging in carbon-chain length from 13 to 24. Alcohols, which have not previously been reported from the scent glands, possess straight, chiefly saturated carbon chains ranging in length from 13 to 24. Sex or individual differences in secretion composition were not observed. Compounds in the scent gland secretions of L. bicolor may deter offending arthropods, such as ants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thies Schulze
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Paul J Weldon
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, 1500 Remount Road, Front Royal, Virginia 22630, USA
| | - Stefan Schulz
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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4
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Bollinger JG, Naika GS, Rohan G, Sadilek M, Gelb MH. LC/ESI-MS/MS detection of FAs by charge reversal derivatization with more than four orders of magnitude improvement in sensitivity. J Lipid Res 2013; 54:3523-30. [PMID: 23945566 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d040782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantitative analysis of fatty acids (FAs) is an important area of analytical biochemistry. Ultra high sensitivity FA analysis usually is done with gas chromatography of pentafluorobenzyl esters coupled to an electron-capture detector. With the popularity of electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometers coupled to liquid chromatography, it would be convenient to develop a method for ultra high sensitivity FA detection using this equipment. Although FAs can be analyzed by ESI in negative ion mode, this method is not very sensitive. In this study, we demonstrate a new method of FA analysis based on conversion of the carboxylic acid to an amide bearing a permanent positive charge, N-(4-aminomethylphenyl)pyridinium (AMPP) combined with analysis on a reverse-phase liquid chromatography column coupled to an ESI mass spectrometer operating in positive ion mode. This leads to an ∼60,000-fold increase in sensitivity compared with the same method carried out with underivatized FAs. The new method is about 10-fold more sensitive than the existing method of gas chromatography/electron-capture mass spectrometry of FA pentafluorobenzyl esters. Furthermore, significant fragmentation of the precursor ions in the nontag portion improves analytical specificity. We show that a large number of FA molecular species can be analyzed with this method in complex biological samples such as mouse serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- James G Bollinger
- Departments of Chemistry and University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
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5
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Rontani JF, Zabeti N, Aubert C. Double bond migration to methylidene positions during electron ionization mass spectrometry of branched monounsaturated fatty acid derivatives. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2009; 20:1997-2005. [PMID: 19747846 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2009.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2009] [Revised: 07/24/2009] [Accepted: 07/27/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Electron ionization mass spectra of several monounsaturated methyl-branched fatty acid methyl and trimethylsilyl esters were examined. These spectra exhibited some intensive fragment ions, whose formation could be explained after double-bond migration to methylidene position. This preferential migration (substantiated by deuterium labeling) acts significantly in the case of monounsaturated fatty acid methyl and trimethylsilyl esters possessing a methyl branch localized between the penultimate and the C(4) positions (relative to the ester group), whatever the position of the double-bond. Allylic cleavage and gamma-hydrogen rearrangement of the ionized methylidene group thus formed afforded very interesting fragment ions, which could be particularly useful to determine branching positions of monounsaturated methyl-branched fatty acid methyl and trimethylsilyl esters without additional treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Rontani
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie de Géochimie et d'Ecologie Marines (UMR-CNRS 6117), Centre d'Océanologie de Marseille (OSU), Marseille, France.
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6
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Dubois N, Barnathan G, Gouygou JP, Bergé JP. Gas chromatographic behavior of fatty acid derivatives for mass spectrometry on low-polarity capillary columns. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200800148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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7
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Kangani CO, Kelley DE, Delany JP. New method for GC/FID and GC-C-IRMS analysis of plasma free fatty acid concentration and isotopic enrichment. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2008; 873:95-101. [PMID: 18757250 PMCID: PMC2590674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2008] [Revised: 07/23/2008] [Accepted: 08/06/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple, direct and accurate method for the determination of concentration and enrichment of free fatty acids (FFAs) in human plasma was developed. The validation and comparison to a conventional method are reported. Three amide derivatives, dimethyl, diethyl and pyrrolidide, were investigated in order to achieve optimal resolution of the individual fatty acids. This method involves the use of dimethylamine/Deoxo-Fluor to derivatize plasma free fatty acids to their dimethylamides. This derivatization method is very mild and efficient, and is selective only towards FFAs so that no separation from a total lipid extract is required. The direct method gave lower concentrations for palmitic acid and stearic acid and increased concentrations for oleic acid and linoleic acid in plasma as compared to methyl ester derivative after thin-layer chromatography. The [(13)C]palmitate isotope enrichment measured using direct method was significantly higher than that observed with the BF(3)/MeOH-TLC method. The present method provided accurate and precise measures of concentration as well as enrichment when analyzed with gas chromatography combustion-isotope ratio-mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrous O Kangani
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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8
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Kangani CO, Kelley DE, Evans RW. Synthesis and mass spectrometry of benzoxazoline, dimethyloxazoline and 4-phenyloxazoline derivatives of polyunsaturated fatty acids. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2007; 21:2129-36. [PMID: 17551993 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic nitrogen moieties have proved to be of great value for the mass spectrometric location of double bonds in polyunsaturated fatty acids. However, their synthesis has traditionally required long reaction times and/or high temperatures. Recently, we introduced a one-pot, high-yield, mild and efficient method for the synthesis of various fatty acid amide derivatives. We have now extended this procedure to include the synthesis of benzoxazoline, dimethyloxazoline and 4-phenyloxazoline analogs of a series of fatty acids containing 18 to 22 carbon atoms and 0 to 6 double bonds. A comparison of the mass spectral properties of the three derivatives of these saturated and unsaturated fatty acids is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrous O Kangani
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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9
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Halket JM, Zaikin VG. Review: derivatization in mass spectrometry--5. Specific derivatization of monofunctional compounds. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2005; 11:127-60. [PMID: 15947452 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The present paper is complementary to the foregoing reviews and describes some additional methods of the derivatization of particular functional groups mainly to enhance the structural information content of electron ionization and chemical ionization mass spectra. Derivatization approaches for the modification of unsaturated compounds, alcoholic, carboxylic, carbonyl, amine and other functional groups, are discussed. Derivatization for separation and quantitative determination of chiral enantiomeric compounds is also considered. Preliminary chemical and physicalchemical degradation for structure elucidation of high molecular weight compounds (biopolymers, synthetic polymers) is mentioned. Chemical aspects of derivatizations and characteristic mass spectral features of derivatives are described briefly. Some particular applications of chemical modification, in conjunction with mass spectral measurements for the analysis of various important bioorganic compounds and compounds in biological fluids, air, environmental etc., are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Halket
- Drug Control Centre, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK.
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10
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Van Pelt CK, Brenna JT. Acetonitrile chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry to locate double bonds in polyunsaturated fatty acid methyl esters. Anal Chem 1999; 71:1981-9. [PMID: 10361497 DOI: 10.1021/ac981387f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A rapid method is presented for determining the location of double bonds in polyunsaturated fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) using an ion-trap mass spectrometer. The mass spectrum of the chemical ionization reagent acetonitrile in an ion trap includes a m/z 54 ion, identified previously as 1-methyleneimino-1-ethenylium ion. We show that it reacts with double bonds of polyunsaturated FAME to yield a series of covalent product ions all appearing at (M + 54)+. Collisional dissociation of these ions yields diagnostic fragments, permitting unambiguous localization of double bonds. For methylene-interrupted and conjugated FAME, one of these fragments results from loss of the hydrocarbon end of the chain, while the other involves loss of the methyl ester. Major diagnostic-fragment ions for monoene and diene FAME occur as a result of cleavage adjacent to either allylic sites or double bonds in the original analyte and appear at one mass unit above the mass expected for homolytic cleavage. Fragmentation of polyene FAME yields major diagnostic ions resulting from cleavage between double bonds that appear one mass unit lower. The method is shown to produce highly characteristic spectra for FAME with 1 to 6 double bonds. Identification of double-bond position in highly unsaturated fatty acids is demonstrated in a mixture of unknown polyunsaturated FAME from an extract of cultured Y79 human retinoblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Van Pelt
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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11
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Pyrrolidides as derivatives for the determination of the fatty acids of triacylglycerols by gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(94)00079-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Voinov VG, Boguslavskiy VM, Elkin YN. Resonance electron capture for determining double bond and hydroxy group locations in fatty acids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1002/oms.1210291111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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13
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Crockett JS, Gross ML, Christie WW, Holman RT. Collisional activation of a series of homoconjugated octadecadienoic acids with fast atom bombardment and tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 1990; 1:183-191. [PMID: 24248747 DOI: 10.1016/1044-0305(90)85055-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/1989] [Accepted: 10/12/1989] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
High-energy collisional activation (CA) of long-chain fatty acid ions induces decompositions that occur remote from the charge site. These charge-remote fragmentations (CRFs) have been shown to provide much structural information. In this report, the CRF of a continuous series of 12 homoconjugated octadecadienoic acids was studied with fast atom bombardment and tandem mass spectrometry. Each fatty acid was desorbed as the carboxylate anion, [M - H](-), the dilithiated species, [M - H+2Li](+), or the bariated species, [M - H+Ba](+), giving three ways of localizing the charge. A characteristic pattern is generated for CRF of the 1,4-diene functional group, and this allows for the rapid identification of the functional group and its location on the chain. Minor variations of this pattern are observed for the different ionic precursors and for different locations of the double bonds. Furthermore, there are a few complications from different types of charge-proximate reactions, especially of the fatty acid carboxylates.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Crockett
- Midwest Center for Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
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14
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Vetter W, Walther W. Preparation of pyrrolidides from fatty acids via trimethylsilyl esters for gas chromatographic—mass spectrometric analysis. J Chromatogr A 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)89466-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Yu QT, Liu BN, Zhang JY, Huang ZH. Location of double bonds in fatty acids of fish oil and rat testis lipids. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of the oxazoline derivatives. Lipids 1989; 24:79-83. [PMID: 2747434 DOI: 10.1007/bf02535269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A new approach to the derivatization and analysis of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids is described. The method is based on the formation of 2-alkenyl-4,4-dimethyloxazolines by condensation of the starting material with 2-amino-2-methylpropanol. The derivatization method is rapid, efficient and specific with respect to the chain feature of the parent acids. Volatility, comparable with that of the corresponding simple esters, and improved gas chromatographic separation are achieved without difficulty. The derivatives exhibit clear and regular fragmentation patterns that allow easy discrimination of positional isomers and assignment of double bond location in the chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q T Yu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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16
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Jutila M, Jalonen J. Piperidyl and morpholinyl esters as derivatives for the structural determination of long-chain fatty acids by mass spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1002/bms.1200170603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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17
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Vetter W, Meister W, Oesterhelt G. Triazolopyridine, a new derivative for the structural determination of fatty acids by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1002/oms.1210230803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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18
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Deterding LJ, Gross ML. Tandem mass spectrometry for identifying fatty acid derivatives that undergo charge-remote fragmentations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1002/oms.1210230304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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19
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Voinov VG, El'kin YN, Boguslavskii VM. Dissociative electron-capture mass spectrometry of fatty acids and their pyrrolidies and methyl esters. Chem Nat Compd 1987. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00600824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Deterding LJ, Gross ML. Fast-atom-bombardment and tandem mass spectrometry for determining structures of fatty acids as their picolinyl ester derivatives. Anal Chim Acta 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(00)83789-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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21
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Jensen NJ, Tomer KB, Gross ML. Fast atom bombardment and tandem mass spectrometry of phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylcholine. Lipids 1986; 21:580-8. [PMID: 3762331 DOI: 10.1007/bf02534056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Fast atom bombardment (FAB) desorption of phosphatidylserine and various phosphatidylcholines produces a limited number of very informative negative ions. Especially significant is the formation of (M-H)- ions for phosphatidylserine, a compound which does not yield informative high mass ions by other ionization methods. Phosphatidylcholines do not yield (M-H)- ions but instead produce three characteristic high mass ions, (M-CH+3)-, [M-HN(CH3)+3]- and [M-HN(CH3)+3-C2H2]-. Both classes of lipids also yield anions attributed to the carboxylate components of these complex lipids. FAB desorption in combination with collisional activation allows for characterization of fragmentation and determination of structural features. Collisional activation of the carboxylate anion fragments from the complex lipids is especially informative. Structural characterization of the fatty acid chain can be achieved as the released saturated carboxylate anions undergo a highly specific 1,4-elimination of H2, which results in the losses of the elements of CH4, C2H6, C3H8 . . . in a fashion entirely consistent with the chemistry of carboxylate anions desorbed from free fatty acids. These CnH2n + 2 losses begin at the alkyl terminus and progress along the entire alkyl chain. Modified fatty acids undergo a similar fragmentation; however, the modification affects the series of CnH2n + 2 losses in a manner which permits determining the type of modification and its location on the fatty acid chain.
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22
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Schmitz B, Klein RA. Mass spectrometric localization of carbon-carbon double bonds: A critical review of recent methods. Chem Phys Lipids 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-3084(86)90112-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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23
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Tulloch AP. Mass spectra of pyrrolidides of oxy, hydroxy and trimethylsilyloxy octadecanoic acids. Lipids 1985. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02534383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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24
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25
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Structural Elucidation of Long-Chain Fatty Acids and Alcohols by Mass Spectrometry of their Cyclic Amide Derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1985. [DOI: 10.1002/lipi.19850870807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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26
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Bertelsen O, Dinh-Nguyên NG. Structural Elucidation of Alkyl-Branched Chain Aliphatic Alcohols and Fatty Acids by Mass Spectrometry of their Respective Alkyl Nicotinate and Picolinyl Carboxylate Derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1985. [DOI: 10.1002/lipi.19850870903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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27
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Traitler H, Winter H, Richli U, Ingenbleek Y. Characterization of gamma-linolenic acid in Ribes seed. Lipids 1984; 19:923-8. [PMID: 6098796 DOI: 10.1007/bf02534727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The total lipid content of fruit seeds of the Ribes family ranges by weight from 18.3% in goose-berries (Ribes uva crispa) to 30.5% in black currants (Ribes nigrum). Isolation procedures and analytical methods (gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, high performance thin layer chromatography and stereospecific analysis) demonstrate that the oils from Ribes seeds contain up to 19% by weight of gamma-linolenic acid (gamma-LA, C18:3, n-6) in black currant oil. This last Ribes species thus constitutes one of the richest natural sources in gamma-LA yet described. These oils appear promising for critically ill patients who seem unable to convert linoleic acid into subsequent EFA fractions.
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Szczepańska H, Chmielarz B. Analytical Problems in the Investigation of Unsaturated Acids Conversion II: Determination of Position Isomers, Conjugated Unsaturated Bonds and Composition of Fatty Acids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1002/lipi.19830850403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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29
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Vetter W, Meister W. Nicotinates as derivatives for the mass spectrometric investigation of long chain alcohols. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1981. [DOI: 10.1002/oms.1210160304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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30
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Kostyanovsky RG, Pleshkova AP, Voznesensky VN, El'natanov YI. Mass spectrometry of organic compounds of the group V elements: V-Cyanamides, cyanphosphines, cyanarsines and vinylogues. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1980. [DOI: 10.1002/oms.1210150803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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31
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Eagles J, Fenwick GR, Self R. Remote group derivatives: limitations on the effectiveness of pyrrolidide derivatives of oxygen-containing fatty acids. BIOMEDICAL MASS SPECTROMETRY 1979; 6:462-4. [PMID: 526566 DOI: 10.1002/bms.1200061012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The pyrrolidides of a number of fatty acids containing oxygen functions (ether linkage, epoxide ring and hydroxyl group) have been prepared and their mass spectra recorded. Detailed analyses of these, supported by accurate mass measurement, indicate that the presence of the oxygen atom has a profound effect on the normal, sequential, mode of pyrrolidide fragmentation. Cleavage adjacent to the oxygen is enhanced, this being most marked in the spectra of those compounds containing an ether linkage. However, further fragmentation of the carbon chain distal to the pyrrolidide group is minimal and prevents any structural information being obtained. These findings indicate that the usefulness of the pyrrolidide derivative for structural elucidation purposes is severely limited in some cases when an oxygen atom is present in the chain. However, for both the epoxy- and hydroxy-fatty acids, complementary derivatization methods are available.
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Shukla V, Abdel-Moety E, Larsen F, Egsgaard H. Identification of cyclopentenyl fatty acids by gas liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Chem Phys Lipids 1979. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-3084(79)90008-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Janssen G, Parmentier G. Determination of double bond positions in fatty acids with conjugated double bonds. BIOMEDICAL MASS SPECTROMETRY 1978; 5:439-443. [PMID: 678614 DOI: 10.1002/bms.1200050704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The positions of the double bonds in fatty acids with conjugated double bonds may be determined by mass spectrometry of the methyl esters of their trimethylsilyl ether derivatives obtained by hydroxylation of the double bonds followed by silylation of the resulting polyols. The method has been applied to trans-9,trans-11- and trans-10, trans-12-octadecadienoic acid.
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Vetter W, Meister W, Oesterhelt G. Alkylaminopyridines and some Analogues as Derivatives for the structure elucidation of long aliphatic chains by mass spectrometry. Helv Chim Acta 1978. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19780610411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Andersson BA. Mass spectrometry of fatty acid pyrrolidides. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF FATS AND OTHER LIPIDS 1978; 16:279-308. [PMID: 358268 DOI: 10.1016/0079-6832(78)90048-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Vetter W, Meister W, Oesterhelt G. N-Alkyl-2-pyrrolidones as Derivatives for the Structure Elucidation of Long-chain Primary Alcohols by Mass Spectrometry. Helv Chim Acta 1977. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19770600408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Khan GR, Scheinmann F. Some recent advances in physical methods for analysis and characterization of polyunsaturated fatty acids. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF FATS AND OTHER LIPIDS 1977; 15:343-67. [PMID: 358257 DOI: 10.1016/0079-6832(77)90012-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Andersson BA, Holman RT. Mass spectrometric localization of methyl branching in fatty acids using acylpyrrolidines. Lipids 1975; 10:716-8. [PMID: 1196022 DOI: 10.1007/bf02532767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Localization of a methyl branch in a fatty acid molecule by mass spectrometry is facilitated by using the pyrrolidide rather than the methyl ester. Branched fatty acid methyl esters are converted to pyrrolidides and are than analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The diagnostic fragments indicate position of the methyl branch.
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Andersson BÅ, Christie WW, Holman RT. Mass spectrometric determination of positions of double bonds in polyunsaturated fatty acid pyrrolidides. Lipids 1975; 10:215-9. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02532483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/1974] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Seifert WK. Carboxylic acids in petroleum and sediments. FORTSCHRITTE DER CHEMIE ORGANISCHER NATURSTOFFE = PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS. PROGRES DANS LA CHIMIE DES SUBSTANCES ORGANIQUES NATURELLES 1975; 32:1-49. [PMID: 1100497 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-7083-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Die Massenspektren der Pyrrolidide einiger aliphatisch-alicyclischer Carbons�uren. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 1975. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00914513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Åndersson B, Anderson WH, Chipault JR, Ellison EC, Fenton SW, Gellerman JL, Hawkins JM, Schlenk H. 9,12,15-octadecatrien-6-ynoic acid, new acetylenic acid from mosses. Lipids 1974. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02532496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Andersson BA, Heimermann WH, Holman RT. Comparison of pyrrolidides with other amides for mass spectral determination of structure of unsaturated fatty acids. Lipids 1974; 9:443-9. [PMID: 4407651 DOI: 10.1007/bf02534269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Andersson BA, Holman RT. Pyrrolidides for mass spectrometric determination of the position of the double bond in monounsaturated fatty acids. Lipids 1974; 9:185-90. [PMID: 4826676 DOI: 10.1007/bf02532690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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