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Brahma S, Ray JK. Synthesis of azirines containing aldehyde functionality and their utilization as synthetic tools for five membered oxazoles and isoxazoles. J Heterocycl Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570450203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sulagna Brahma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Jayanta K. Ray
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur 721302, India
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Turro NJ, Hrovat DA, Gould IR, Padwa A, Dent W, Rosenthal RJ. Kinetik der Reaktion elektronenarmer Olefine mit Nitril-Yliden, die durch Laser-Blitzphotolyse substituierter Azirine hergestellt wurden. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19830950826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Inui H, Murata S. Photochemistry of 2-(1-Naphthyl)-2H-azirines in Matrixes and in Solutions: Wavelength-Dependent C−C and C−N Bond Cleavage of the Azirine Ring. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:2628-36. [PMID: 15725019 DOI: 10.1021/ja040109x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The photochemistry of 3-methyl-2-(1-naphthyl)-2H-azirine (1a) was investigated by the direct observation of reactive intermediates in matrixes at 10 K and by the characterization of reaction products in solutions. As already reported, the photolysis of the azirine 1a with the short-wavelength light (>300 nm) caused the C-C bond cleavage of the 2H-azirine ring to produce the nitrile ylide 2. However, the products derived from the C-N bond cleavage were exclusively obtained in the irradiation of 1a with the long-wavelength light (366 nm) both in matrixes and in solutions. When 1a was irradiated in the presence of O(2) with the long-wavelength light, acetonitrile oxide (6) was produced through the capture of the biradical 4 generated by the C-N bond cleavage of 1a with O(2). An introduction of a nitro group into the naphthyl ring of 1a resulted in an acceleration of the decomposition in the long-wavelength irradiation and an extension of the wavelength region where the products derived from the C-N bond cleavage were selectively obtained. On the basis of molecular orbital calculations with the INDO/S method, the reason for the wavelength-dependent selective C-C and C-N bond cleavage of the azirine ring of 1a is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Inui
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
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Aeppli L, Bernauer K, Schneider F, Strub K, Oberhänsli WE, Pfoertner KH. Synthesen und pharmakologische Eigenschaften von 2,2-Dialkyl-5-aryl-3-pyridylpyrrolidinen. Helv Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19800630310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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6
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Dietliker K, Gilgen P, Heimgartner H, Schmid H. Photochemie von in 4-Stellung substituierten 5-Methyl-3-phenyl-isoxazolen.44. Mitteilung über Photoreaktionen. Helv Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19760590621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Koch-Pomeranz U, Schmid H, Hansen HJ. Photochemische Cyclisierung vono-,m-,P-Allylanisolen undo-Allylanilinen. 52. Mitteilung über Photoreaktionen. Helv Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19770600309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Meier H. Thermisch und photochemisch induzierte intramolekulare, 1,3-dipolare Cycloadditionen von 5-(2-Allyloxyphenyl)-2-phenyltetrazol. Vorläufige Mitteilung. 54 Mitteilung über Photoreaktionen. Helv Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19770600855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Gerber U, Heimgartner H, Schmid H, Heinzelmann W. Zur Regioselektivität von Cycloadditionen photochemisch erzeugter Benzonitril-isopropylide. 51. Mitteilung über Photoreaktionen. Helv Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19770600302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Stegmann W, Gilgen P, Heimgartner H, Schmid H. Photoinduzierte Cycloadditionen von 2,2-Dimethyl-3-phenyl-2H-azirin an Nitrile und «push-pull»-Olefine. 43. Mitteilung über Photoreaktionen. Helv Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19760590407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Märky M, Meier H, Wunderli A, Heimgartner H, Schmid H, Hansen HJ. Zum photochemischen Verhalten von Sydnonen und 1,3,4-Oxadiazolin-2-onen. 56. Mitteilung über Photoreaktionen. Helv Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19780610432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Transition metal catalyzed ring opening reactions of 2-phenyl-3-vinyl substituted 2H-azirines. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Fergus S, Eustace SJ, Hegarty AF. Nitrile Ylide Dimerization: Investigation of the Carbene Reactivity of Nitrile Ylides. J Org Chem 2004; 69:4663-9. [PMID: 15230587 DOI: 10.1021/jo049748g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel hexaaryl diazatrienes 5 ("nitrile ylide dimers") were synthesized directly from the corresponding diaryl ketimines 12 and dichlorotoluenes 13 in a facile one-pot synthesis. The carbene character of the nitrile ylides was investigated by varying the substituents on the aromatic ring adjacent to the carbene center. The isolation of the corresponding carbene dimers as stable crystalline materials with absorption maxima (lambda(max)) from 363 to 422 nm was shown to be promoted by the absence of strongly electron-withdrawing substituents. The crystal structures indicate that the E-isomers were isolated when phenyl, 3-methylphenyl, and 3-chlorophenyl substituents are present at the carbene carbon; the Z-isomer was isolated when the more sterically hindered 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl substituent (Mes) is present. The (1)H NMR spectra of the E-isomers demonstrate the nonequivalence of the aromatic rings, in which two of the aromatic rings of the imine moiety are pseudoaxial and the remaining aromatic rings are pseudoequatorial. The reactions proceed via the intermediate nitrile ylides 1 generated by the base-promoted 1,1-elimination of HCl from the intermediate chloroimine 14. The nitrile ylide was also generated by 1,3-elimination of HCl from the imidoyl chloride 18, confirming common pathways via the nitrile ylide as the dimer products obtained from these different routes were identical. The strongly electron-withdrawing 4-nitrophenyl substituent promotes the linear carbanion character of the 1,3-dipole and no dimer is formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Fergus
- Chemistry Department, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Klessinger M, Bornemann C. Theoretical study of the ring-opening reactions of 2H-azirines?a classification of substituent effects. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Albrecht E, Mattay J, Steenken S. [3 + 2] Cycloadditions and Protonation by Alcohols of Photochemically Generated Nitrile Ylides from 2H-Azirines. Formation and Reactivities of Azaallenium Cations. J Am Chem Soc 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/ja971648n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Albrecht
- Contribution from the Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, D-48149 Münster, Germany, Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 40, D-24098 Kiel, Germany, and Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie, D-45413 Mülheim, Germany
| | - Jochen Mattay
- Contribution from the Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, D-48149 Münster, Germany, Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 40, D-24098 Kiel, Germany, and Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie, D-45413 Mülheim, Germany
| | - Steen Steenken
- Contribution from the Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, D-48149 Münster, Germany, Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 40, D-24098 Kiel, Germany, and Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie, D-45413 Mülheim, Germany
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Maier G, Schmidt C, Reisenauer HP, Endlein E, Becker D, Eckwert J, Andes Jr. BH, Schaad LJ. Blausäure-N-methylid: Darstellung, spektroskopische Eigenschaften und seine Beziehung zu anderen C2H3N-Isomeren. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1002/cber.19931261024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Müller F, Mattay J. [3 + 2] Cycloadditions with Azirines under the Conditions of Photoinduced Electron Transfer: A New Method for the Synthesis of Imidazoles and Heterophanes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1002/cber.19931260235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Naito I, Morihara H, Ishida A, Takamuku S, Isomura K, Taniguchi H. Photochemistry of 2H-Azirine—Formation of Nitrile Ylide Evidenced by Laser Flash Photolysis and Pulse Radiolysis—. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1991. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.64.2757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Naito I, Ishida A, Yamamoto K, Takamuku S, Isomura K, Taniguchi H. Laser Flash Photolysis of 3-(4-Biphenylyl)-2 H-azirine. Direct Detection of Nitrile Ylide. CHEM LETT 1989. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.1989.1615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Hadel LM, Platz MS, Scaiano J. Laser flash photolysis studied of 1-naphthyldiazomethane. Formation of nitrile ylides. Chem Phys Lett 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(83)80526-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Chemical, Kinetic, and Spectroscopic Evidence for the Reaction of 1-Naphthylcarbene with Acetonitrile to form a Nitrile Ylid. Tetrahedron Lett 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)88234-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kaupp G. Photochemische Umlagerungen und Fragmentierungen von Benzol-Derivaten und anellierten Arenen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1980. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19800920405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Photolysis of vinyl bromides in the presence of tetrabutylammonium azide: trapping of a vinyl cation with azide ion. Tetrahedron Lett 1979. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)93607-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Claus P, Doppler T, Gakis N, Georgarakis M, Giezendanner H, Gilgen P, Heimgartner H, Jackson B, Märky M, Narasimhan NS, Rosenkranz HJ, Wunderli A, Hansen HJ, Schmid H. Photochemistry of some heterocyclic systems. PURE APPL CHEM 1973. [DOI: 10.1351/pac197333020339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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28
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