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Maestro MA, Seoane S. The Centennial Collection of VDR Ligands: Metabolites, Analogs, Hybrids and Non-Secosteroidal Ligands. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224927. [PMID: 36432615 PMCID: PMC9692999 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of vitamin D a century ago, a great number of metabolites, analogs, hybrids and nonsteroidal VDR ligands have been developed. An enormous effort has been made to synthesize compounds which present beneficial properties while attaining lower calcium serum levels than calcitriol. This structural review covers VDR ligands published to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Maestro
- Department of Chemistry-CICA, University of A Coruña, Campus da Zapateira, s/n, 15008 A Coruña, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Samuel Seoane
- Department of Physiology-CIMUS, University of Santiago, Campus Vida, 15005 Santiago, Spain
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Sakamoto R, Nagata A, Ohshita H, Mizumoto Y, Iwaki M, Yasuda K, Sakaki T, Nagasawa K. Chemical Synthesis of Side-Chain-Hydroxylated Vitamin D 3 Derivatives and Their Metabolism by CYP27B1. Chembiochem 2021; 22:2896-2900. [PMID: 34250710 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (abbreviated here as 1,25D3 ) is a hormonally active form of vitamin D3 (D3 ), and is produced from D3 by CYP27 A1-mediated hydroxylation at C25, followed by CYP27B1-mediated hydroxylation at C1. Further hydroxylation of 25D3 and 1,25D3 occurs at C23, C24 and C26 to generate corresponding metabolites, except for 1,25R,26D3 . Since the capability of CYP27B1 to hydroxylate C1 of side-chain-hydroxylated metabolites other than 23S,25D3 and 24R,25D3 has not been examined, we have here explored the role of CYP27B1 in the C1 hydroxylation of a series of side-chain-hydroxylated D3 derivatives. We found that CYP27B1 hydroxylates the R diastereomers of 24,25D3 and 25,26D3 more effectively than the S diastereomers, but shows almost no activity towards either diastereomer of 23,25D3 . This is the first report to show that CYP27B1 metabolizes 25,26D3 to the corresponding 1α-hydroxylated derivative, 1,25,26D3 . It will be interesting to examine the physiological relevance of this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Sakamoto
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Graduate School of Technology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei, 184-8588, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Nagata
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Graduate School of Technology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei, 184-8588, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruki Ohshita
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama, 939-0398, Japan
| | - Yuka Mizumoto
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Graduate School of Technology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei, 184-8588, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miho Iwaki
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Graduate School of Technology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei, 184-8588, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Yasuda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama, 939-0398, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sakaki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama, 939-0398, Japan
| | - Kazuo Nagasawa
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Graduate School of Technology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei, 184-8588, Tokyo, Japan
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Taspinar Ö, Wilczek T, Erver J, Breugst M, Neudörfl JM, Schmalz HG. Synthesis of the 8,19-Epoxysteroid Eurysterol A. Chemistry 2020; 26:4256-4260. [PMID: 32031278 PMCID: PMC7187428 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We report the first chemical synthesis of eurysterol A, a cytotoxic and antifungal marine steroidal sulfate with a unique C8−C19 oxy‐bridged cholestane skeleton. After C19 hydroxylation of cholesteryl acetate, used as an inexpensive commercial starting material, the challenging oxidative functionalization of ring B was achieved by two different routes to set up a 5α‐hydroxy‐7‐en‐6‐one moiety. As a key step, an intramolecular oxa‐Michael addition was exploited to close the oxy‐bridge (8β,19‐epoxy unit). DFT calculations show this reversible transformation being exergonic by about −30 kJ mol−1. Along the optimized (scalable) synthetic sequence, the target natural product was obtained in only 11 steps in 5 % overall yield. In addition, an access to (isomeric) 7β,19‐epoxy steroids with a previously unknown pentacyclic ring system was discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ömer Taspinar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, 50939, Köln, Germany
| | - Tobias Wilczek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, 50939, Köln, Germany
| | - Julian Erver
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, 50939, Köln, Germany
| | - Martin Breugst
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, 50939, Köln, Germany
| | - Jörg-Martin Neudörfl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, 50939, Köln, Germany
| | - Hans-Günther Schmalz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, 50939, Köln, Germany
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Ratsch F, Schlundt W, Albat D, Zimmer A, Neudörfl JM, Netscher T, Schmalz HG. Total Synthesis of α-Tocopherol through Enantioselective Iridium-Catalyzed Fragmentation of a Spiro-Cyclobutanol Intermediate. Chemistry 2019; 25:4941-4945. [PMID: 30741456 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A conceptionally new strategy for the asymmetric (2R-selective) synthesis of α-tocopherol (vitamin E) was developed. In the stereocontrolled key step, a prochiral spiro[chromane-2,3'-cyclobutanol] unit is effectively desymmetrized under C-C bond activation in an unprecedented iridium-catalyzed transformation using (S)-DTBM-SegPhos as a chiral ligand (e.r. 97:3). To complete the synthesis, the side chain was attached through Ru-catalyzed cross-metathesis employing an alkene derived from (R,R)-hexahydrofarnesol. To suppress epimerization during the final hydrogenation, PtO2 had to be used as a catalyst instead of Pd/C. In an alternative approach (employing a propargyl-substituted spiro-cyclobutanol), the side chain was constructed prior to the Ir-catalyzed ring fragmentation (>99:1 d.r.) through enyne cross-metathesis (using an alkene derived from (R)-dihydrocitronellal) followed by Cr-catalyzed 1,4-hydrogenation and (diastereoselective) Pfaltz hydrogenation of the resulting triple-substituted olefin. The work demonstrates the potential of iridium catalysis for enantioselective C-C bond activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Ratsch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 4, 50939, Koeln, Germany
| | - Waldemar Schlundt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 4, 50939, Koeln, Germany
| | - Dominik Albat
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 4, 50939, Koeln, Germany
| | - Anne Zimmer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 4, 50939, Koeln, Germany
| | - Jörg-Martin Neudörfl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 4, 50939, Koeln, Germany
| | - Thomas Netscher
- Research and Development, DSM Nutritional Products, P.O. Box 2676, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Günther Schmalz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 4, 50939, Koeln, Germany
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Sigüeiro R, González-Berdullas P, Loureiro J, Mouriño A, Maestro MA. Stereoselective synthesis of 25S,26-dihydroxyvitamin D 3. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 177:247-249. [PMID: 28732680 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A convergent approach to 25S,26-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1) has been developed in our laboratories. The A-ring and the CD-fragment are constructed from ergocalciferol and Inhoffen-Lythgoe diol, respectively. The triene system is assembled by a Wittig-Horner coupling. With this convergent synthesis, a novel hydroxylated vitamin D metabolite in our laboratory is available for biological testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Sigüeiro
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Laboratorio de Investigación "Ignacio Ribas", Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Patricia González-Berdullas
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Laboratorio de Investigación "Ignacio Ribas", Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Julian Loureiro
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Laboratorio de Investigación "Ignacio Ribas", Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Antonio Mouriño
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Laboratorio de Investigación "Ignacio Ribas", Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Miguel A Maestro
- Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias-CICA, Universidade da Coruña, E-15071, A Coruña, Spain.
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Barner R, Hübscher J. Stereochemische Korrelationen zwischen (2R,4′R,8′R)-α-Tocopherol, (25S,26)-Dihydroxycholecalciferol, (-)-(1S,5R)-Frontalin und (-)-(R)-Linalol. Helv Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19830660321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Svatoš A, Urbanová K, Valterová I. The First Synthesis of Geranyllinalool Enantiomers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1135/cccc20020083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
(3R)-(-)-Geranyllinalool and its (3S)-(+)-isomer were synthesized in 7 steps starting from both enantiomers of citramalic acid and geranyl bromide. The synthetic sequence established the absolute configurations of naturally occurring geranyllinalools for the first time.
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Kutner A, Chodyñski M, Halkes SJ. Citramalic Acid As Chiral Synthon. Synthesis of Chiral Aliphatic Sulfones. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 1996. [DOI: 10.1080/00397919608003726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Partridge JJ, Shiuey SJ, Chadha NK, Baggiolini EG, Hennessy BM, Uskokovi? MR, Napoli JL, Reinhardt TA, Horst RL. (25S)-1?, 25, 26-Trihydroxycholecalciferol, a New Vitamin D3 Metabolite: Synthesis and Absolute Stereochemistry at C(25). Helv Chim Acta 1981. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19810640718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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