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Dilmaç AM, Wezeman T, Bär RM, Bräse S. Occurrence, synthesis and applications of natural and designed [3.3.3]propellanes. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 37:224-245. [PMID: 31140489 DOI: 10.1039/c8np00086g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 1978 to 2019 The synthetically challenging [3.3.3]propellane core has caught a lot of attention over the last 50 years. This comprehensive review details all synthetic strategies reported in the period 1978-2019 to facilitate the synthesis of carbocyclic [3.3.3]propellanes. The described strategies span from acid-catalyzed rearrangements and photo-mediated cycloadditions of ketones, heteropropellanes and dispiroundecanes to thermal rearrangements of acetylenes and alkenes. Other approaches, such as radical reactions with halogenated alkenes, domino cyclizations, the smart use of epoxide-carbonyl rearrangements and intramolecular palladium-catalyzed ring contractions are discussed as well. A special section is dedicated to triptindanes, a subclass of [3.3.3]propellanes which are of interest to material sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia M Dilmaç
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Tim Wezeman
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Robin M Bär
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. and Institute of Toxicology and Genetics (ITG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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Dilmaç AM, Spuling E, de Meijere A, Bräse S. Propellane: von chemischen Kuriositäten zu “explosiven” Materialen und Naturstoffen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201603951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia M. Dilmaç
- Institut für Organische Chemie (IOC); Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT); Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
| | - Eduard Spuling
- Institut für Organische Chemie (IOC); Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT); Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
| | - Armin de Meijere
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie; Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institut für Organische Chemie (IOC); Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT); Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
- Institut für Toxikologie und Genetik (ITG); Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT); Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
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Dilmaç AM, Spuling E, de Meijere A, Bräse S. Propellanes-From a Chemical Curiosity to "Explosive" Materials and Natural Products. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:5684-5718. [PMID: 27905166 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201603951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Propellanes are a unique class of compounds currently consisting of well over 10 000 representatives, all featuring two more or less inverted tetrahedral carbon atoms that are common to three bridging rings. The central single bond between the two bridgeheads is significantly weakened in the smaller entities, which leads to unusual reactivities of these structurally interesting propeller-like molecules. This Review highlights the synthesis of such propellanes and their occurrence in material sciences, natural products, and medicinal chemistry. The conversion of [1.1.1]propellane into bridgehead derivatives of bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane, including oligomers and polymers with bicyclo[1.1.1]penta-1,3-diyl repeat units, is also featured. A selection of natural products with larger propellane subunits are discussed in detail. Heteropropellanes and inorganic propellanes are also addressed. The historical background is touched in brief to show the pioneering work of David Ginsburg, Günther Snatzke, Kenneth B. Wiberg, Günter Szeimies, and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia M Dilmaç
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Eduard Spuling
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Armin de Meijere
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Institute of Toxicology and Genetics (ITG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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Barczak NT, Jarvo ER. Regioselective silver-mediated Kondakov-Darzens olefin acylation. Chemistry 2011; 17:12912-6. [PMID: 22006828 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas T Barczak
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Natural Sciences 1, 4114, Irvine CA 92697, USA
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Harre M, Raddatz P, Walenta R, Winterfeldt E. 4-Oxo-2-cyclopentenylacetat - ein Synthesebaustein. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19820940704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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De Boeck B, Harrington-Frost NM, Pattenden G. Tandem cyclisations involving α-ketenyl alkyl radicals. New syntheses of the natural triquinanes pentalenene and modhephene. Org Biomol Chem 2005; 3:340-7. [PMID: 15632977 DOI: 10.1039/b413817c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
New synthetic approaches to the angular and propellane sesquiterpene triquinanes (+/-)-pentalenene 2 and (+/-)-modhephene 3, respectively, are described. The syntheses are based on tandem cyclisations involving alpha-ketene alkyl radical intermediates produced from alpha,beta-unsaturated acyl radical species, as highlighted in Schemes 2 and 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît De Boeck
- School of Chemistry, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
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A Short and Efficient Synthesis of (±)-Modhephene by a Stereoelectronically-Controlled Ene-Reaction. Helv Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19810640756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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De Boeck B, Pattenden G. α-Ketenyl radical intermediates in the synthesis of propellanes. A formal synthesis of modhephene. Tetrahedron Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(98)01480-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Uyehara T, Murayama T, Sakai K, Onda K, Ueno M, Sato T. Rearrangement Approaches to Cyclic Skeletons. XIII. Total Synthesis of Triquinane Sesquiterpenes, (±)-Modhephene, and (±)-Isocomene, on the Basis of Formal Substitution at Both Bridgeheads of a Bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-5-en-2-one. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1998. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.71.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Goverdhan Mehta
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
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Uyehara T, Murayama T, Sakai K, Ueno M, Sato T. Formal substitution at both bridgeheads of a bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-5-en-2-one and its application to a synthesis of (±)-modhephene. Tetrahedron Lett 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(96)01652-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Fitjer L, Majewski M, Monzó-Oltra H. Synthesis of tricyclopentanoid sesquiterpenes via rearrangement routes: (±)-modhephene, (±)-epimodhephene and (±)-isocomene. Tetrahedron 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4020(95)00486-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Curran DP, Shen W. Tandem transannular radical cyclizations. Total syntheses of (±)-modhephene and (±)-epi-modhephene. Tetrahedron 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)80321-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Mehta G, Subrahmanyam D. Photochemical oxa-di-π-methane rearrangement approach to [3.3.3]propellanes. Total synthesis of sesquiterpene hydrocarbon (±)-modhephene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1039/p19910000395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Mash EA, Math SK, Flann CJ. Homochiral ketals in organic synthesis. Enantioselective synthesis and absolute configuration of (−)-modhephene. Tetrahedron 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)81075-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Yamago S, Nakamura E. Synthesis of propellanes by “exocyclic” transannular cycloaddition of olefinic methylenecyclopropanes. Tetrahedron 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)80134-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Harre M, Raddatz P, Walenta R, Winterfeldt E. 4-Oxo-2-cyclopentenyl Acetate?A Synthetic Intermediate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.198204801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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